微生物复习题具答案.docx
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微生物复习题具答案.docx
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微生物复习题具答案
Test1:
DevelopmentofMicrobiology
Multiple-choice:
1.Thefundamentalunitofalllivingorganismsisthe:
A.membraneB.cellC.nucleusD.cellwall
2.Organismsthatdonotcontainatruenucleusarereferredtoas:
A.fungiB.eukaryoticC.prokaryoticD.nankaryotic
3.Thethreekingdomclassificationsystemoforganismswasproposedby:
A.PasteurB.BaconC.WinogradskyD.Woese
4.Fungidifferfrombacteriainanumberofcharacteristics.Thecellwallsinfungiarecomposedof,whilethecellwallsofbacteriaarecomposedofpeptidoglycan
A.chitinB.phospholipidsC.proteinD.glucosamine
5.Thefirstmicroscopesweredevelopedby:
A.EhrlichB.MetchnikoffC.LeewenhoekD.Lister
6.Theterm"antibiotic"means:
A.asubstanceproducedbythelaboratorythatkillsorinhibitsothermicroorganisms
B.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatkillsorinhibitsmolds
C.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismthatkillsorinhibitsothermicroorganisms
D.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatkillsorinhibitscancercells
7.Thegeneticmaterialofabacteriaislocatedinthemolecule:
A.RNAB.DNAC.proteinD.lipid
FILLINBLANKS:
1.Organismsthatcontainatruenucleusarecalled_eukaryotic______
2.Bacteriadonothaveatruenucleusandareconsidered_prokaryotic______
3.Bacteriacanbedividedintotwogroups,the_archaeaandthe_eubacteria_.
4._anaerobes_areorganismsthatcangrowwithoutusingmolecularoxygen.
5.MicroorganismsthatcansynthesizecomplexorganiccompoundsfromCO2arecalled_autotroph_.
6._phototrophsaremicroorganismsthatobtaintheirenergytosynthesizeorganiccompoundsfromlight.
7.Heterotrophrequireorganiccompoundsforgrowth.
8.Organismsthatsurviveonlyatveryhightemperaturesarereferredtoas_thermophile_.
9._methanogen_areorganismsthatproducemethanefromCO2.
10._halophile_____organismsgrowunderconditionsofhighsalinity.
11.Eubacteriacanexhibitanumberofmorphologicalshapes.Identifyfour:
a._sphericalorcocci_____b._cylindricalorrod_____c._spirals_____d._irregularorfilament____丝状体_
12.Fungi,algaeandprotozoacanbedifferentiatedfrombacteriabythefollowingcharacteristic:
_eukaryotic______.
13.Fungihavecellwallconsistingof_chitin______.
14.Virusesconsistof_nucleicacid_____surroundedbyaproteincoat.
15.Theprocessusedtoreducethenumberofviableorganismsbymoderateheatingiscalled:
_pasteurization_.
18.An_antibiotic______isasubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatinhibitsorkillsothermicroorganisms.
19.Theprocessofstimulatingtheimmunedefensesofthebodyisreferredtoas__immunization_____.
20.Asubstanceinserumthatcanneutralizeforeignmaterialisreferredtoas_antitoxin_____or__antibody____.
22.Exchangeofgeneticinformationbydirectcontactisreferredtoas__conjugation____.
23._thansformation_____istheprocessinwhichDNAistransferredfromonebacteriatoanother.
l.AntonLeeuwenhoek
a.immunization
2.LouisPasteur
b.threekingdomclassificationbasedonrRNA
3.RobertKoch
cstructureofDNA
4.AlexanderFleming
d.firstmicroscope
5.EdwardJenner
e.rabiesvaccine
6.WatsonandCrick
f.penicillin
7..CarlWoese
g.establishedthatbacteriacancausedisease
Test2:
OrganizationandStructureofMicroorganisms
2.Thearrangementofproteinsandlipidsinthemembraneisreferredtoasthe:
A.bilayermodelB.fluidmosaicmodelC.trilayermodelD.permeablemodel
3.Themovementofwatermoleculesacrossthemembraneinresponsetoaconcentrationgradientisreferredtoas:
A.diffusionB.osmosisC.translocationD.transport
4.Themembraneofacellisabletodifferentiatemoleculesthatenterorexitthecellandactasa____barrier.
A.semipermanentB.SemitransparentC.SemipermeableD.semidiffuse
5.Movementofmoleculesatanenhancedrateacrossthemembraneiscalled:
A.facilitateddiffusionB.passivediffusionC.OsmosisD.permeation
6.Whichofthefollowingmechanismstransportsmoleculeswithchemicalalteration?
A.activetransportB.grouptranslocationC.facilitateddiffusionD.bindingproteintransport
7.Whichofthefollowingtransportmechanismsoccursonlyinprokaryotes?
A.activetransportB.grouptranslocation
C.facilitateddiffusionD.bindingproteintransport
8.Lysozymeandpenicillinhaveactivityagainstthecellwall.Lysozymebreaksthiscomponent;penicillinpreventsitsformation.
A.lipopolysaccharideB.PhospholipidC.PeptidoglycanD.teichoicacid
9.Partialdestructionofthecellwallwithlysozymeleavesacellcalleda:
A.protoplastB.spheroplastC.periplastD.capsule
10.DNAtransfersinformationtomakeproteinsinmoleculesreferredtoas:
A.iRNAB.mRNAC.rRNAD.tRNA
11.Theendoplasmicreticulum(ER)isamembranousstructurewithineukary
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