员工培训的新发展文献翻译Word格式文档下载.docx

员工培训的新发展文献翻译Word格式文档下载.docx

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外文题目NewDevelopmentsinEmployeeTraining

外文出处WorkStudy

外文作者ChristianneDerouen,BrianH.Kleiner

原文：

NewDevelopmentsinEmployeeTraining

ChristianneDerouen,BrianH.Kleiner

Inordertoaccommodatetherapidtechnologicalchanges,employeesmustmasterincreasinglycomplextechnicalskills.Fivemajorforcesbehindtrainingbecomingsoimportantandcentraltoanyfirm’soperationsareasfollows:

（1）globalanddomesticcompetition;

（2）changesintechnology;

（3）mergers,acquisitionsanddivestiturescausingrealignmentofstructuresandfunctionsofcompanies;

（4）bettereducatedworkforce;

（5）emergenceofnewoccupations（computer,etc.）.

Newtrainingideasaredevelopedbecausetrendsaretowardsmakingtrainingmorepractical,realisticandpertainingtoemployees’jobs.Trainingmustgiveemployeesbroaderknowledge,enablingthemeffectivelytoutilizenewtechnologyandintegrateitintotheworkplace.Lowercosts,betterquality,fasterreturnoninvestment,increasedproductivityandlong-termgrowthareallachievedonceemployeesadapttochangesandaretrainedaccordingly.Inthepast,trainingwasveryclassroom/instructororiented.Thishasrecentlyprovenineffectivecomparedwithmoremoderndevelopments.

Twobookspublishedin1988[1,2]discussmanycompaniesandmodernemployee-trainingideaswhicharebeingutilizedtodaytokeeppacewithtechnology.Thefourareasaddressedare:

（1）aligningtrainingstrategieswithcorporategoals;

（2）continuouslearning;

（3）manufacturer-user;

and

（4）designinganddeliveringtrainingcost-effectively.

Additionally,variousmagazinearticlessupplementsomeoftheideasdiscussedinthetwobooksaswellasintroducenewtrainingmethods.

AligningTrainingStrategieswithCorporateGoals

Thefirsttypeoftrainingmentionedintheabovebooksdiscussesaligningtrainingstrategieswithcorporategoals,whichisnecessarybecauseeachcompanymustevaluatewhatisneededforittobecompetitiveandsuccessful.Oncethisisknown,trainingcanbeappliedaccordingly.

AmericanTranstech,asubsidiaryofAT&

T,alignsitstrainingwithcorporategoalsbyfocusingitstraininginthefollowingmanner:

managersaretrainedtohiretheirownpersonnel,relyinglessonHumanResources.Oncehired,newemployeesgothroughatwo-dayorientationwherecompanypolicyandproceduresareoutlinedandteamworkparticipationisencouraged,sinceteamworkisanintegralpartofAmericanTranstech.Oncompletionoftheorientation,thenewhiresareplacedingroupsandtrainedabouttheirjobanditsfunctionswiththeaidofacomputer.Therearenoinstructorsleadingtheclass,soitisnecessaryfortheteamstodiscussamongthemselvesvariousproblemsandassignmentspresentedtothemonthecomputer.

Grouptrainingfollowstheemployeestotheworkplace,wheregroupsoftenmeettodiscussneedsandproblemsofthecompany.Fromthisprocessthegoalsoftrainingforthecompanyaremet.Thecomputer/noinstructorprocessisnotmentionedveryoftenbutisamoremodernwaytotrainascomputeruseissowidespread.AmericanTranstechfoundthismethodissuccessfulingettingpeopletoworktogetheraswellaslearntogether.

CorningGlassWorksisanothercompanywhichimplementedatrainingprogrammealignedwithitscorporategoals.TrainingissoimportanttoCorningGlassthatitfeltthetraininggivenwoulddirectlyrelatetosuccessandhopefullyputitastepaheadofitscompetition.Thecorporation,withthehelpofoutsideconsultants,puttogetheratextbookaboutqualityatCorningGlass.Thetrainingdepartmentworkedhardexposingall28,000employeestotraininginproductandpeoplequality.Mid-levelmanagementwasthefocusofthetraining.Thebookwasusedasaguideline,andtheemphasiswasteamwork.Fromtheinitialtraining,CorningGlassfoundproblemareaswhichneededtobeaddressedinfurthercompanytrainingcourses,includinginterpersonalrelationshipsandproblemsolving.Thoughuseofbooksisbynomeansamoderntrainingmethod,acompanywritingitsownbookfortrainingpurposesandupdatingasneedsariseisnotacommonality.Mostcompaniesrelyonoutsidetrainingcourses.

ContinuousLearning

Morerecenttrendsshowtraininggoingbeyond“jobspecific”to“continuouslearning”,inwhichthefocusisonotherareasofexpertisewithinthecompany.Incontinuouslearningemployeesareencouragedtolearnandunderstandthejobsandskillsneededofthosearoundthemandmoreoftenperformthemonaregularbasis.Semiautonomousworkteamsaremostconduciveinthecontinuouslearningenvironmentbecauseeachemployeetrainsothersintheirgroup.Thiswayemployeesknowoneanother’sjobsandcanperformthemincaseofanemployeeabsence.Employeesbegintorealizethatlearningandcontinuoustrainingisasbigapartoftheirjo