Final Outline for Torts - NYU School of Law.docx
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Final Outline for Torts - NYU School of Law.docx
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FinalOutlineforTorts
DUTY
Inmostcases,thedutyistousereasonablecare.Inthetypicalcaraccidentcaseormedicalmalpracticecase,orslipandfall,thedutyisagiven:
dutyofreasonablecare.Whatislookedatinthissectionisexceptionstothatrule.
Noaffirmativedutytoact—areasonablepersonwouldalmostalwaysrescueababyontherailroadtracksifyouthinkinB -Comesfromthedifferencebetweennonfeasanceandmisfeasance.Classically,nonfeasancewasnotrecognizedasaduty(protectiononphysicalautonomy). -Don’twanttoputpeopleinasituationwheredoingnothingmadethemliable. -Exceptionstothenodutytoactrule: -Specialrelationships: whendefendanthascustodyovertheplaintiffwhoisnotinapositiontoprotecthimself. -NoargumentthatIammybrother’skeeper. -Nodutyforneighbortoletyouusehispooltosaveyourburninghouse. -Generallywhenthedefendantisinpositiontomakemoney. -InFarwellv.Keaton,courtsaidtheywerecompanionsonasocialadventure,butthat’snotreallyaspecialrelationship. -Commoncarriers,innkeepers,possessorsofpubliclandallhavespecialrelationshipswithpeopleintheircustody. -SpecialknowledgeofdangerisNOTenoughifthereisnospecialrelationship(Harperv.Herman–boatdiver.Maybewouldhavebeenadutyifitwasakidwithnoparentorifhechargedfortheboattours–butindicatemoreofaspecialrelationship) -Creatingrisk: Onewhohasdoneanactandrealizesthatithascreatedanunreasonableriskofharmisunderadutytostopthatharmfromoccurring -Courtsaidtherewasadutyforagascompanytowarnofdangersitknewaboutevenifitwasn’tbecauseofamistakebythecompany -Nodutyforamanwhonoticedatreesrootswereloosetotelltheownersoftheproperty.(thesearebothnotecases) -Onceyoustarttoact: Afteryoustartacting,youwenolongerareworriedaboutyouautonomy.Restatementsaysyoucan’tdiscontinuecareforsomeoneinperil. -Thisdoesn’tmeanifyoustopcare,thenyouareliable.Ifyoustopcarebecauseyouwerescaredforyourlife,thequestioniswhetherthatwasreasonableunderabreachstandard. -Farwellv.Keaton–affirmativedutytoavoidactsthatmakethesituationworse(suchashere,drivingaroundforhoursandthenleavinghiminfrontofhisparents’place).Dutytocontinueacting -34- isanextensionofthis—ifyoustartedtoact,youprobablylefthiminaworsepositionbecausenooneelsecouldintervene. -Ifthereisreallynoworseningofpositionaftertheintervention,thencourtsaresplitonhowtodecide. -Incentives: morelikelytostartquestionablerescuesifnodutylateron,butmorelikelytoquitearlytoo(butpeopledon’treallythinkaboutthis. -ManystateshaveagoodSamaritanrulethatsaysadoctorwhotriestodelivercareingoodfaithwillnotbeliable. -Promisethatleadstoharm: Eventhoughtherewasnodutybeforethepromise,afterthepromise,thereisadutyiftheplaintiffcanshowreliance. -Morganv.YubaCounty–Sheriffwhotoldwomanhewouldletherknowwhentheyreleasedamanshethoughtwouldkillherhadadutytoactuallydothat. -Importantthatshereliedonthepromise. -Nogeneraldutytowarn–seemslikeanobviousextensionofnoaffirmativedutytoact,exceptthatthecostofwarningissolow. -Exceptions: -Dutywhenthereisapromisemade,i.e.,ifthepromisewouldimplythatnothingwaswrongandsomethingwaswrong.(RandiW.) -Notjustharmtothepersonpromised.InRandiW.v.MurocJointUnifiedSchoolDistrict.Fourschooldistrictsrecommendedteacherwhohadabusedstudents. -Notecaselookedattherelationshipbetweentheparties,thenatureoftherisk,foreseeability,consequencesorimposingadutyandoverallpublicinterest -Obviouslycasesthatdon’tinvolveabusedchildrenwouldhaveahigherstandardbecauseoflasttwofactors. -Doctors: Psychiatristshaveadutytowarnthepotentialvictimofharm.(Tarasoff) -InTarasoff,theysaythereisaspecialrelationshipwiththepersoncreatingtheharm. -Weighthepublicpolicyinterestofeffectivetherapy againstthepublicinterestinsafety. -Didnotextendtosuicidevictimbecausethepublicsafetyinterestisless. -Doesnotextendtosomeonetellingthebartenderhewillkillsomeone.Lessofapublicpolicyinterestineffectivetherapy,butlessofaspecialrelationship -CourtssplitonwhetherdoctorshavedutytotellfamilymembersifsomeonehasHIVorothercontagiousdisease.(considerthepublicpolicyinterestofprivacywithpublicsafetyinterest) -Dutytoreportchildabuseifitisknown,andsomestatessayyouhaveadutytoreportacrime. -Iftherewouldn’tbeadutywithoutastatute–thenyouhavetolookatthestatutetoseeifthereisaprivatecauseofacti
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