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 　　SellingDigitalMusicwithoutCopy-protectionMakesSense

 　　A.Itwasuncharacteristicallylow-keyfortheindustry’sgreatest

showman.ButtheessaypublishedthisweekbySteveJobs,thebossof

Apple,onhisfirm’swebsiteundertheunassumingtitle“Thoughtson

Music”hasnonethelessprovokedavigorousdebateaboutthefutureof

digitalmusic,whichAppledominateswithitsiPodmusic-playerandiTunes

music-store.Atissueis“digitalrightsmanagement”（DRM）—thetechnology

guardingdownloadedmusicagainsttheft.Sincethereisnocommonstandard

forDRM,italsohastheside-effectthatsongspurchasedforonetypeof

music-playermaynotworkonanother.Apple’sDRMsystem,called

FairPlay,isthemostwidespread.SoitcameasasurprisewhenMr.Jobs

calledforDRMfordigitalmusictobeabolished.

 　　B.ThisisachangeoftackforApple.Ithascomeunderfirefrom

EuropeanregulatorswhoclaimthatitsrefusaltolicenseFairPlaytoother

firmshas“lockedin”customers.SincemusicfromtheiTunesstorecannotbe

playedonnon-iPodmusic-players（atleastnotwithoutalotoffiddling）,any

iTunesbuyerwillbedeterredfromswitchingtoadevicemadebyarival

firm,suchasSonyorMicrosoft.WhenFrenchlawmakersdraftedabilllast

yearcompellingAppletoopenupFairPlaytorivals,thecompanywarnedof

“state-sponsoredpiracy”.OnlyDRM,itimplied,couldkeepthepiratesat

bay.

 　　C.ThisweekMr.Jobsgaveanotherexplanationforhisformer

defenceofDRM:

therecordcompaniesmadehimdoit.Theywouldmake

theirmusicavailabletotheiTunesstoreonlyifAppleagreedtoprotectit

usingDRM.TheycanstillwithdrawtheircataloguesiftheDRMsystemis

compromised.ApplecannotlicenseFairPlaytoothers,saysMrJobs,because

itwoulddependonthemtoproducesecurityfixespromptly.AllDRMdoes

isrestrictconsumerchoiceandprovideabarriertoentry,saysMrJobs;

withoutittherewouldbefarmorestoresandplayers,andfarmore

innovation.So,hesuggests,whynotdoawaywithDRMandsellmusic

unprotected?

“Thisisclearlythebestalternativeforconsumers,”hedeclares,

“andApplewouldembraceitinaheartbeat.”

 　　D.Whythesuddenchangeofheart?

MrJobsseemschieflyconcerned

withgettingEurope’sregulatorsoffhisback.Ratherthancomplainingto

AppleaboutitsuseofDRM,hesuggests,“thoseunhappywiththecurrent

situationshouldredirecttheirenergiestowardspersuadingthemusic

companiestoselltheirmusicDRM-free.”Twoandahalfofthefourbig

recordcompanies,hehelpfullypointsout,areEuropean-owned.MrJobsalso

hopestopainthimselfasaconsumerchampion.Appleresentsaccusations

thatithasbecometheMicrosoftofdigitalmusic.

 　　E.Applecanaffordtoembraceopencompetitioninmusicplayers

andonlinestores.Consumerswouldgravitatetothebestplayerandthebest

store,andatthemomentthatstillmeansApple’s.MrJobsisevidently

unfazedbyrivalstotheiPod.Sinceonly3%ofthemusicinatypicaliTunes

libraryisprotected,mostofitcanalreadybeusedonotherplayerstoday,he

notes.（AndeventheprotectedtrackscanbeburnedontoaCDandthenre-

ripped.）SoApple’sdominanceevidentlydependsfarmoreonbrandingand

easeofusethanDRM-related“lockin”.

 　　F.ThemusicgiantsaretryingDRM-freedownloads.Lotsofsmaller

labelsalreadysellmusicthatway.Havingseenwhichwaythewindis

blowing,MrJobsnowwantstobeseennotasDRM’sdefender,butasa

consumerchampionwhohelpedinitsdownfall.Wouldn’titleadtoasurge

inpiracy?

No,becausemostmusicisstillsoldunprotectedonCDs,people

wishingtostealmusicalreadycandoso.Indeed,scrappingDRMwould

probablyincreaseonline-musicsalesbyreducingconfusionand

incompatibility.Withtheleadingonlinestore,Applewouldbenefitmost.Mr

Jobs’sargument,inshort,istransparentlyself-serving.Italsohappenstobe

right.

 　　Questions1-7Dothefollowingstatemetsreflecttheclaimsofthe

writerinReadingPassage1?

 　　WriteyouranswerinBoxes1-7onyouranswersheet.

 　　TRUEifthestatementrefletstheclaimsofthewriter

 　　FALSEifthestatementcontradictstheclaimsofthewriter

 　　NOTGIVENifitisimpossbiletosaywhatthewriterthinksabout

this

 　　1.Appleenjoysacontrollingpositionindigitalmusicmarketwithits

iPodmusic-playerandiTunesmusic-store.

 　　2.DRMisagovernmentdecreeissuedwithapurposetoprotect

downloadedmusicfromtheftbyconsumers.

 　　3.LackofstandardizationinDRMmakessongsboughtforonekind

ofmusicplayermaynotfunctiononanother.

 　　4.ApplehasbeencriticizedbyEuropeanregulatorssinceithas

refusedtograntalicenseFair