英语学术论文写作引言ppt优质PPT.ppt
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英语学术论文写作引言ppt优质PPT.ppt
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,Withoutanintroductionitissometimesverydifficultforyourreaderstofigureoutwhatyouaretryingtosay.Thereneedstobeathreadofanideathattheywillfollowthroughyourpaper.,Whatisthesubjectabout?
WhyI(we)carriedouttheexperiment,thatistosay,whatistheproblem?
Howdowesolvetheproblem?
What,How,Why,ThefunctionofIntroduction,Toanswerthebasicquestions,Whendowewritetheintroduction?
Manybooksrecommendwritingyourintroductionlast,afteryoufinishyourproject.Thisistomakesurethatyouintroducewhatyouareactuallygoingtosay.,2.如何写引言,2.1引言的组成2.2引言的特点2.3引言的结构与布局2.4引言实例,ThecontentofanIntroduction,Introduction,Basicrequirement,StructuralLayoutofIntroduction,1.1Introducingthegeneralresearchareaincludingitsbackground,importance,andpresentlevelofdevelopment,1.2Reviewingpreviousresearchinthisarea,Indicatingtheproblemthathasnotbeensolvedbypreviousresearch,raisingarelevantquestion,Specifyingthepurposeofyourresearch,4.1Announcingyourmajorfindings,4.2Outliningthecontentsofyourpaper,OneTemplate,a)题X是重要的。
b)前人的工作A、B曾经研究过这个问题。
c)A、B有一些缺陷。
d)我们提出了方法D。
e)D的基本特征,和A、B进行比较。
f)实验证明D比A、B优越。
g)研究前景。
Thebackgroundinformation,3.引言部分的语言特征,3.1引言部分的时态与语态3.2引言部分常用的句型3.3引言部分常用的词语3.4引言部分的注意事项,TenseandVoiceinIntroduction,PresentTense,Thepresenttense(is,are)isusedwhenstatinggeneralizationsorconclusions.e.g.1:
Thispaperisorganizedasfollows.e.g.2:
Inthispaper,weadoptanIAschemeforSISOtransmission,Whendescribingrecentadvancesinacertainresearchfield,oraimingtoemphasizetheimpactofsomethinghappeningrecentlyonthepresent,youaresuggestedtousepresentperfecttense.e.g.1:
ThisapproachhasbeenexploitedbyCadambeandJafarin.e.g.2:
TheauthorshaveshownthatthemaximumachievableDoF(degreesoffreedom自由度)intheK-usertime-varyingsingle-inputsingle-output(SISO,单输入单输出),PresentPerfectTense,FutureTense,Sometimes,inthesentenceincludingtheobjectiveoftheresearch,SimpleFutureTenseisrecommended.e.g.1:
InSectionIII,however,wewillarguethatgenericmatrices,namely,samplesfromtheGaussianunitaryensembleobey(1.10)forrelativelylargevaluesofS.e.g.2:
WeareconfidentthatfinerargumentsandperhapsnewideaswillallowtoderiveversionsofTheorem1.5withbetterbounds.,Voice,在学术论文中,我们可能经常会被是否可以使用we(我们)或I(我)的问题困扰。
关于这点,一点要区分we在这里指代什么。
一般来说,作者使用we提及作者的研究团队而不是泛指人类群体。
e.g.1:
Inthispaper,weadoptanIAschemeforSISOtransmission,andwetrytomodifythedesigninordertoachievehighersumrate(和速率)performanceinthepracticalSNRregion.(主动语态,we不泛指人群,而是作者所属研究团队),如果需要提及人类群体的认知状态,最好使用被动结构的句子,如:
“Itisknow/thoughthat“,而不是用“Weknow/thinkthat”。
引言部分中,多使用被动语态,而不是主动语态we,尤其是中心的“报告”部分(wasconducted,wasdesigned等)。
e.g.1ThisschemehasbeendesignedtoachievetheasymptoticcapacityintheIC(被动语态)e.g.2ThisnewapproachofinterferencemanagementhasbeennamedIA.(被动语态),exercise,1、Brown(1998)_theimportanceoftimemanagementbothwhenpreparingforandactuallysittingexaminations.A.concludeB.concludesC.stressD.stresses2、ForsomeyearstherehasbeenanawarenrssofthedangersofSalmonfarminginScottishLochs,andseveralstudies(seee.g.,Brown2000,Maclnnes2002)_potentialrisks.A.indicateB.haveindicateC.claimD.haveclaimed,3、IntheCanadianstudyPrimarySchoolFrench,researchers_aclearassociationbetweenlanguageproficiencyandparentalincome(Lefebvreetal.1999).A.statedB.havestatedC.demonstratedD.havedemonstratedanswer:
1.D2.B3.C,sentencepatterninIntroduction,SentencepatterninIntroduction,Theprimaryruleistokeepinscientificstyle,Clarity,Preciseness,Conciseness,LogicalandThinking,Sentencepattern,Vocabulary&
Abbreviation:
Makesurethatyourexpressionisclear,preciseandconcise.,Usesomecommonsentencepatternsintheintroduction.,1、建立议题中心及概括议题内容的常用句型有:
.isacentralissueinhisdevelopmentofisatypical/commonprobleminForalongtime,ithasbeenthecasethat.Mostaccounts/reports/publicationsclaim/maintainthat,e.g.1:
However,Accordingtostudies,allmobilecommunicationstandardsstillincludeaSISOtransmissionmode.(建立议题中心)e.g.2:
Inourcontributions,wefirstlyintroduceawaytooptimizetheprecodingsubspacesatalltransmitters,exploitingthefactthatchannelmatricesintheIAmodelarediagonal.Twosolutionsarederived;
thefirstisachievediterativelyusingprojectedgradientdescentmethod,thesecondisaclosed-formsolutionthatavoidsthenumericalcomputation,thus,resultinginaverylowcomputationalcomplexity.Secondly,weproposetooptimizetheprecodingvect
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