英语演讲选修课期末复习最后大总结文档格式.docx
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英语演讲选修课期末复习最后大总结文档格式.docx
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vdealingwiththefearofcommunicating
PublicSpeakingVSConversation
vPurpose:
bothcommunicatewithacertainpurpose
vAudience:
apublicspeechisusuallydirectedatmorelisteners.
vFeedback:
publicspeakingisrelativelyuninterrupteddiscourse.
vDelivery:
publicspeakingrequiresintensifiedvolumeofvoiceandbodilyaction.
vMaterialsandorganization:
publicspeechesaremostlypreparedones.Impromptuspeechesarerare.
Theessentialsofaspeech
vObjective:
whyamImakingthisspeech?
whomamImakingthisspeechto?
vPlace:
where
vTimeandlength
vMethodofdelivery:
how
vContent:
what
vNotes
vRehearsal:
identifyweakness,practicedifficultpronunciations
Dealingwithnervousness
vAcquirespeakingexperience
vPrepare,prepare,prepare
vThinkpositively
vUsethepowerofvisualization
vKnowthatmostnervousnessisNotvisible
vDon’texpectperfection
AcquireSpeakingExperience
vEnrolledinapublicspeakingcourse
vStagefright:
fearoftheunknown
vLearningtogiveaspeechisnotmuchdifferentfromlearninganyotherskill---itproceedsbytrialanderror.Thepurposeofyourspeechclassistoshortentheprocess,tominimizetheerrors,togiveyouanonthreateningarena---asortoflaboratory---inwhichtoundertakethe“trial”
Thinkpositively
Confidenceismostlythewell-knownpowerofpositivethinking.
NegativeThought&
PositiveThought
vIwishIdidn’thavetogivethisspeech.
Thisspeechisachanceformetosharemyideasandgainexperienceasaspeaker.
vIamnotagreatpublicspeaker.
Nooneisperfect,butIamgettingbetterwitheachspeechIgive.
Terms
vPositivenervousness---controllednervousnessthathelpsenergizeaspeakerforherorhispresentation.
vVisualization---mentalimaginginwhichaspeakervividlypicturesherselforhimselfgivingasuccessfulpresentation.
vCreatavividmentalblurprintinwhichyouseeyourselfsucceedinginyourspeech
Othertipsfordealingwithnervousness
vBeatyourbestphysicallyandmentally.Agoodnight’ssleepwillserveyoubetter.
vAsyouarewaitingtospeak,quietlytightenandrelaxyourlegmuscles,orsqueezeyourhandstogetherandthenreleasethem.Suchactionshelpreducetensionbyprovidinganoutletforyourextraadrenaline.
vTakeacoupleslow,deepbreathsbeforeyoustarttospeak.Mostpeopletakeshortandshallowbreaths,whichonlyreinforcestheiranxiety.Deepbreathingbreaksthiscycleoftensionandhelpcalmyournerves.
vWorkespeciallyhardonyourintroduction.Researchhasshownthataspeaker’sanxietylevelbeginstodropsignificantlyafterthefirst30secondsofapresentation
vMakeeyecontactwithmembersofyouraudience.Rememberthattheyareindividualpeople,notabluroffaces.Andtheyareyourfriends.
vConcentrateoncommunicatingwithyouraudienceratherthanonworryingaboutyourstagefright.Ifyougetcaughtupinyourspeech,youraudiencewilltoo.
vUsevisualaids.Theycreateinterest,drawattentionawayfromyou,andmakeyoufeellessself-conscious.
chapter2topic
Selectingatopic
⏹Speechesoutsidetheclassroom
theoccasion,theaudience,thespeaker’squalifications
⏹Speechesinthepublicspeakingclass
nodesignatedtopic
⏹Whatisasuitablespeechtopic?
⏹Worthwhile
⏹Appropriate
⏹Limitedinscope
Suitabletopic
significantimplicationsfortheaudience
knowalot,liketolearnmore
dividingthetopicintoseveralsignificantparts.
⏹Generalpurpose:
thebroadgoal总体目标
⏹Toinform:
conveyinformation
enhancetheknowledgeandunderstanding
⏹Topersuade:
advocateorpartisan
Changeorstructuretheattitudesoractions
Difference:
explainorexhort
⏹Specificpurpose具体目标
toinformmyaudienceabout…
topersuademyaudienceto…
Explain←→exhort
SpecificPurpose
⏹Specificpurpose:
(singleinfinitivephrasethatstatespreciselywhataspeakerhopestoaccomplishinhisorherspeech.).简单的肯定句
⏹Topic:
Emergencies
Toinform
Toinformmyaudienceofthemajorstepsinrespondingtoanemergency
Tipsforformulatingthespecificpurposestatement
Tip1:
Writethepurposestatementasafullinfinitivephrase(完整的短语),notasafragment(片段)
Tip2
Expressyourpurposeasastatement,notasaquestion述句
Tip3Avoidfigurativelanguage比喻语言
Tip4Limityourpurposestatementtoonedistinctidea,oronemainpoint
Tip5
Makesureyourspecificpurposeisnottoovagueorgeneral
Phrasingthecentra
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