汽车 悬架系统外文翻译Word下载.docx
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汽车 悬架系统外文翻译Word下载.docx
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swhyautomobileengineersturnedtheirattentiontothesuspensionsystemalmostassoonastheyhadmasteredthefour-strokeinternalcombustionengine.
Double-wishbonesuspensiononHondaAccord2005Coupe
Thejobofacarsuspensionistomaximizethefrictionbetweenthetiresandtheroadsurface,toprovidesteeringstabilitywithgoodhandlingandtoensurethecomfortofthepassengers.Inthisarticle,we'
llexplorehowcarsuspensionswork,howthey'
veevolvedovertheyearsandwherethedesignofsuspensionsisheadedinthefuture.
Ifaroadwereperfectlyflat,withnoirregularities,suspensionswouldn'
tbenecessary.Butroadsarefarfromflat.Evenfreshlypavedhighwayshavesubtleimperfectionsthatcaninteractwiththewheelsofacar.It'
stheseimperfectionsthatapplyforcestothewheels.AccordingtoNewton'
slawsofmotion,allforceshavebothmagnitudeanddirection.Abumpintheroadcausesthewheeltomoveupanddownperpendiculartotheroadsurface.Themagnitude,ofcourse,dependsonwhetherthewheelisstrikingagiantbumporatinyspeck.Withoutaninterveningstructure,allofwheel'
sverticalenergyistransferredtotheframe,whichmovesinthesamedirection.Insuchasituation,thewheelscanlosecontactwiththeroadcompletely.Then,underthedownwardforceofgravity,thewheelscanslambackintotheroadsurface.Whatyouneedisasystemthatwillabsorbtheenergyoftheverticallyacceleratedwheel,allowingtheframeandbodytorideundisturbedwhilethewheelsfollowbumpsintheroad.
Acar'
ssuspension,withitsvariouscomponents,providesallofthesolutionsdescribed.
CarSuspensionParts
Thesuspensionofacarisactuallypartofthechassis,whichcomprisesalloftheimportantsystemslocatedbeneaththecar'
sbody.
Thesesystemsinclude:
∙Theframe-structural,load-carryingcomponentthatsupportsthecar'
sengineandbody,whichareinturnsupportedbythesuspension
∙Thesuspensionsystem-setupthatsupportsweight,absorbsanddampensshockandhelpsmaintaintirecontact
∙Thesteeringsystem-mechanismthatenablesthedrivertoguideanddirectthevehicle
∙Thetiresandwheels-componentsthatmakevehiclemotionpossiblebywayofgripand/orfrictionwiththeroad
Sothesuspensionisjustoneofthemajorsystemsinanyvehicle.
Withthisbig-pictureoverviewinmind,it'
stimetolookatthethreefundamentalcomponentsofanysuspension:
springs,dampersandanti-swaybars.
Springs
Today'
sspringingsystemsarebasedononeoffourbasicdesigns:
Coilsprings-Thisisthemostcommontypeofspringandis,inessence,aheavy-dutytorsionbarcoiledaroundanaxis.Coilspringscompressandexpandtoabsorbthemotionofthewheels.
Leafsprings-Thistypeofspringconsistsofseverallayersofmetal(called"
leaves"
)boundtogethertoactasasingleunit.Leafspringswerefirstusedonhorse-drawncarriagesandwerefoundonmostAmericanautomobilesuntil1985.Theyarestillusedtodayonmosttrucksandheavy-dutyvehicles.
Coilsprings
PhotocourtesyHowStuffWorksShopper
Leafspring
∙Torsionbars-Torsionbarsusethetwistingpropertiesofasteelbartoprovidecoil-spring-likeperformance.Thisishowtheywork:
Oneendofabarisanchoredtothevehicleframe.Theotherendisattachedtoawishbone,whichactslikealeverthatmovesperpendiculartothetorsionbar.Whenthewheelhitsabump,verticalmotionistransferredtothewishboneandthen,throughtheleveringaction,tothetorsionbar.Thetorsionbarthentwistsalongitsaxistoprovidethespringforce.Europeancarmakersusedthissystemextensively,throughthe1950sand1960s.
Torsionbar
∙Airsprings-Airsprings,whichconsistofacylindricalchamberofairpositionedbetweenthewheelandthecar'
sbody,usethecompressivequalitiesofairtoabsorbwheelvibrations.Theconceptisactuallymorethanacenturyoldandcouldbefoundonhorse-drawnbuggies.Airspringsfromthiseraweremadefromair-filled,leatherdiaphragms,muchlikeabellows;
theywerereplacedwithmolded-rubberairspringsinthe1930s.
Airsprings
Basedonwherespringsarelocatedonacar--i.e.,betweenthewheelsandtheframe--engineersoftenfinditconvenienttotalkaboutthesprungmassandtheunsprungmass.
Springs:
SprungandUnsprungMass
Thesprungmassisthemassofthevehiclesupportedonthesprings,whiletheunsprungmassislooselydefinedasthemassbetweentheroadandthesuspensionsprings.Thestiffnessofthespringsaffectshowthesprungmassrespondswhilethecarisbe
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