英文景点导游词Word下载.docx
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英文景点导游词Word下载.docx
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西安八大景点英文导游词-陕西历史博物馆
TheGreatmosque
TheGreatmosqueislocatedinHuajueLane,whichbranchesofffromthewestmainStreet.itisthemajorspotforthereligiousactivitiesofover60,000moslemsinXi’an.itisalsoan
importanthistoricalmonumentinShaanxiProvince.Unlikearabianmosqueswithsplendiddomes,skywardminarets,anddazzlingpatterns,thismosquepossessesmuchchinesetraditioninbothdesignandartisticoutlook.itassumesthestrikingfeaturesofchinesePavilions,withpaintedbeamsandengravedridgepoles.
However,itwouldbeuselesstotalkabouttheGreatmosquewithoutknowinghowislamwasintroducedintochina.
islam,asareligiousorder,wasfoundedintheearlyperiodofthe7thcenturyandwas
introducedtochinainthemid-7thcentury.atthattime,somearabianmerchantsandtravelerscametothenorthwesternregionbywayofPersiaandafghanistantoestablishdiplomatic,trade,andmilitarycontactswithchina.othersstartedtheirvoyagefromtheBangladeshBay,crossedtheStraitofmalacca,andarrivedatGuangzhou,Quanzhou,Hangzhou,Yangzhouandotherchinesecities.Later,manyofthemsettleddownandmarriedthelocalwomen.Theirchildrenbecamethefirstgenerationofchinesemoslems.However,massiveimmigrationofmoslemstochinadidnottakeplaceuntil,aslateas,theearlyperiodofthe13thcentury.asaresultofhiswestern
Expedition,GenghisKhanconqueredvastexpansesoflandfromcentralasiatoEastEurope,
includingthenorthernpartofiran.manyofthemoslemsintheseconqueredareaswereforcedtoenlistinthearmy.Later,theymadechinatheirpermanenthome.manyofthemweresoldiers;
andsomeweresmithsandofficials.TheywerecalledtheHuipeopleinthehistorybooksoftheYuan
dynasty.TheHuipeoplelaterfollowedKublaiKhandowntotheSouth,helpinghimunifychinaandestablishtheYuandynasty.inthewakeofthisconquest,islamspreadalloverchinaand
mosquesbegantoappeareverywhere.manymoslemsheldpositionsbothinthemilitaryandcivilservicesintheYuandynasty.
alotofmoslemstookpartinzhuYuanzhang’suprisingintheearly14thcenturyandmadegreatcontributionstothefoundingofthemingdynasty.Therefore,alltheemperorsofthemingdynastyissuedmoslemsfortheirgreatcontributions.intheearly16thcentury,islamdominatedXinjiangandspreaditsinfluencetopGansu,ningxiaandQinghai.Thereligionlaterwon
dominationoversuchminorityethnicgroupsastheHui,theUygur,theKazak,theKirgiz,theTajik,theTartar,theUzbek,thedongxiang,theSalarandtheBonan.ThemoslemsinXi’anaremainlytheHuipeople.Thereareapproximately17millionmoslemsinchina.
TheGreatmosqueisthemostsizableofitskindinthecityofXi’an,andalsooneoftheoldestandbest-preservedmosquesinchina.TheStoneTabletotheBuildingofthemosquesaysthatitwasbuiltintheTangdynasty.However,judgingfromitsarchitecturalstyle,itwasprobablybuiltinthemingdynasty.itsfourcourtyardscoveranareaofmorethan12,000squaremeters,withabuildingareaof4,000squaremeters.Thestillintactwoodenmemorialarchinthefrontyardwasbuiltattheturnofthe17thcentury.withglazedtiles,spectacularcorners,andupturnedeaves,itstandsaboutninemetershigh,andhasahistoryofabout360years.
Thestonememorialgatewayinthecenterofthesecondcourtyardisflankedbytwotall
tablets,withdragonscarvedoneach.Theyrecordthedetailsoftherepairworkeverconducted
sincethebuildingofthemastercalligraphermiFumosque.onetabletbearsthecharactersbytheintheSongdynasty:
“mayislamFilltheUniverse.”Theotherbearsthecharactersbytheming
mastercalligrapherdongQichang,“RoyallyBestowed.”Thesecharactersaretypicalexamplesoftraditionalchinesecalligraphy.
attheentranceofthethirdcourtyardisahallbuiltbytheorderoftheRoyalcourt,wherea“crescentTablet”,showingthecalculationoftheislaluiccalendarisstored.Thecalendarwas
compiledbyXiaoXining,whowasinchargeofthemosqueintheearlyperiodoftheQingdynasty.
athree-storeyedoctagonalwoodenstructurecalledtheRetrospectionTowerstandsinthecenterofthecourtyard.itfunctionsthesameastheminaretinanaveragearabianmosque.ordersareoftensentfromthetowertocallthemoslemstocometoworship.RespectivelyonthesouthandnorthwingsofthetoweraretheReceptionchamberandtheScripturechamber.Bothofthemareelegantlylaidout.Thefivewoodenhouses,called“waterhouses”inthesouthwestsectionofthemosque,arewherethebelieversbathethemselvesbeforetheyattendtheirservices.
insidethefourthcourtyard,thereisastructurecalledthePhoenixPavilion,aplacewhere
worshiperswaitforservices.Thepavilion,infact,isacomplexofthreesmallbuildings.Thesix-gabledstructureinthecentralpartisadjoinedbytwothree-gabledbuildingsoneachside
whichmakeitlooklikeaflyingphoenix;
henceitsname.Justatthebackofthepavilionthereisafishpond,andbeyonditisaplatformwithanareaof700squaremeters.acrosstheplatform
standsthe1,300-square-meterprayerhall.itholdsover1,000worshipersatatime.Theceilingisdecoratedwithover600panels.Thewallsofthehall,aswellasthepanels,aredecoratedwith
patternsoftrailingplantsandarabicletters.TheshrineatthewesternendofthehalliswheretheimamandworshiperschanttheKoranandpayhomagewhilefacinginthedirectionofmecca.
Themoslemsinchinasharemuchthesamecustomswiththeirbrothersandsisterselsewhereintheworld.Theyworshipfivetimesaday:
atdawn,atnoon,intheafternoon,atdusk,andat
night.
Theconstitutionofchinaacknowledgesthateachcitizenhastherightfreed
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