本英语真题以及答案_精品文档_001Word文档格式.doc
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本英语真题以及答案_精品文档_001Word文档格式.doc
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Underproperconditions,soundwaveswillbereflectedfromahillsideorothersuchobstruction.Soundtravelsattherateofaboutone-fifthofmilepersecond.Ifthehilliselevenhundredfeetaway,ittakestwosecondsforthesoundtotravelothehillandback.Thus,bytimingtheintervalbetweenasoundanditsreflection(theecho),youcanestimatethedistancetoanobstruction.
Duringwordwar2theBritishusedapracticalapplicationofthisprincipletodetectGermanplanesontheirwaytobombLondonlongbeforetheenemywasnearthetarget.Theyusedradiowavesinsteadofsoundwaves,sinceradiowavescanpenetratefogandclouds.TheoutnumberedRoyalAirForce(RAF)alwaysseemedtothepuzzledGermanstobelyinginwaitattherighttimeandnevertobesurprised.ItwasradioechoesmorethananythingelsethatwontheBattleofBritain.
SincetheradiowaveswereusedtotellthedirectioninwhichtosendtheRAFplanesandthedistancetosendthem(theirrangeofflight,inotherwords),thedevicewascalledradiodirectingandranging,andfromtheinitialsthewordradarwascoined.(filescomefrom)
1.Soundwavesreflectedfromahillcanbeusedtoestimatethe.
A.heigtofthehill B.speedofsound
C.distancetothehill D.intensiteofsound
2.Practicalapplicationsofthisprinciplesresultedin.
A.Newelectronicinstrumentsforplanes
B.Aradiodirectingandrangingdevice
C.NewradiosetsforRAFbombers
D.Anelectronicdetectingdevice
3.RadarenabledtheEnglishto.
A.DetectGermanplanesontheirwaytoLondon
B.DirecttheoutnumberedRAFplaneseffectively
C.ConfuseGermanbomberpilots
D.BothAandB
4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat
A.Lightwavescouldbeusedinadevicesimilartoradar
B.Radarwasapracticalapplicationofawell-knownprinciple
C.RadargreatlyincreasedtheeffectivenessoftheRoyalAirForce
D.Soundwavesarereflectedfromahillsideunderallconditions
5.Theauthorofthispassageprobablyintendedtoexplain
A.Exactlyhowradarworks
B.WhytheBritishusedradiowavesintheirdevice
C.Howradar(workanddevice)cametobe
D.HowradarhelpedtheBritishwintheBattleofBritain
PassageTwo
Ingeneral,theancientRomanswereapracticalpeople.TheycaredlessaboutphilosophyandpuremathematicsthandidtheGreeks.TheRomanswerethebestoftheancientengineersandarchitects.TheywerebrilliantstudentsofGreekgeometryandtrigonometry(三角学),andtheyappliedtheirknowledgetotheconstructionoffinebridges,roads,aqueducts(渠道),andpublicbuildings.
Theyknewaboutthesmeltingofironore,buttheyusedtheirontheyproducedmainlyforspears,swords,andshields,ratherthanforbuildingconstruction.
WhiletheRomansaccomplishedpracticalwonders,theydidverylittletheoreticalscientificthinking.Becauseoftheirfrequentwars,manyoftheirinventionswerenomorethanimprovementsinthedesignofGreekweaponswithwhichtheywerefamiliar.
TherearetworeasonsfortheRomansneglectofphilosophyandpuremathematics.First,theywereapparentlytoobusyconqueringnearbynationsandformingthemintoarapidlygrowingempiretowastetimeonabstractthinking.Secondly,theywerehandicapped(妨碍)bytherigidityoftheirnumericalsystem.(TrytomultiplyXIbyLVIIortodivideCXLIIIbyIX;
itsimplycannotbedonewithpencilandpaper.)TheRomansdidalloftheirarithmeticonanabacus,theancientcounterpartofthemoderncomputingmachine.Theirnumbersystemdiscouragedthestudyofpuremathematics.
6.TheauthorcallstheRomans“practical”becausethey
A.Caredlittleaboutphilosophy
B.Appliedtheirknowledgetoconstruction
C.Sawthenecessityfordevelopingtheoreticalscience
D.Studiedthepastandlearnedfromit
7.TheancientRomansdidnotconcernthemselveswith
A.Theoreticalorabstractthought B.appliedmathematics
C.Studying D.eitherAorC
8.Inconstruction,theRomansmadeextensiveuseof
A.Ironore B.peometryandtrigonometry
C.Studying D.bothBandC
9.ManyRomansinventionswerebasedonGreekweaponsbecausethe
A.Greekshadsuperiorweapons
Bromineswereinvolvedinfrequentwars
C.Romanswerenotfamiliarwithmanytypesofweapons
D.Greekprovedhimselforherselfinspiredinventor
10.Theauthorofthispassageprobablywantedtoexplainwhy
A.HeconsiderstheRomansapracticalpeople
B.Romanwereinvolvedinfrequentwars
C.Theoreticalthinkingisnecessaryfirthegrowthofanation
D.TheRomanscontributedlittletophilosophicalthought
PassageThree
ProfessorBarryWellmanifUniversityofTorontoinCanadahasinventedatermtodescribethewaymanyNorthAmericansinteractsthesedays.Theterm
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