电力安全工器具预防性试验规程版.docx
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电力安全工器具预防性试验规程版.docx
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电力安全工器具预防性试验规程版
电力安全工器具预防性试验规程
(试行)
国家电力公司发布
01-02021-7施实
1范围·········································································································1
2引用标准································································································1
3定义·········································································································1
4电容型验电器························································································4
5携带型短路接地线················································································5
6个人保护接地线····················································································7
7绝缘杆·····································································································7
8核相器·····································································································8
9绝缘罩····································································································10
10绝缘隔板·······························································································10
11绝缘胶垫·······························································································11
12绝缘靴···································································································12
13绝缘手套·······························································································13
14导电鞋···································································································14
15安全带···································································································14
16安全帽···································································································15
17脚扣·······································································································17
18升降板···································································································18
19竹(木)梯···························································································19
20试验报告·······························································································19
21参考文献·······························································································20
1范围
本规程规定了各种常用电力安全工器具预防性试验的项目、周期和要求,并提供了相应的试验方法,用以判断这些工器具是否符合使用条件,保证工作人员的人身安全。
本规程不适用于带电作业工器具。
从国外进口的安全工器具应以该工器具的产品标准为基础,参照本规程执行。
2引用标准
下列标准所包含的条文,通过在本规程中引用而构成为本规程的条文。
本规程颁布时,所示版本均为有效。
所有标准均会被修订,使用本规程的各方应探讨使用下列标准新版本的可能性。
GB2811~2812-89安全帽及其试验方法
GB4385-1995防静电鞋、导电鞋技术要求
GB6095~6096-85安全带
GB7059.1~7059.3-86移动式梯安全标准
GB12011-2000电绝缘鞋通用技术条件
DL408-91电业安全工作规程(发电厂和变电所电
气部分)
DL409-91电业安全工作规程(电力线路部分)
DL740-2000电容型验电器
SD332-89携带型短路接地线技术标准
3定义
3.1电力安全工器具
防止触电、灼伤、坠落、摔跌等事故,保障工作人员人身安全的各种专用工具和器具。
安全工器具分为绝缘安全工器具和一般防护安全工器具两大类。
绝缘安全工器具又分为基本绝缘安全工器具和辅助绝缘安全工器具。
基本绝缘安全工器具是指能直接操作带电设备或接触及可能接触
带电体的工器具,如电容型验电器、绝缘杆、核相器、绝缘罩、绝缘隔板等,这类工器具和带电作业工器具的区别在于工作过程中为短时间接触带电体或非接触带电体。
在本规程中,将携带型短路接地线也归入这个范畴。
辅助绝缘安全工器具是指绝缘强度不是承受设备或线路的工作电压,只是用于加强基本绝缘安全工器具的保安作用,用以防止接触电压、跨步电压、泄漏电流电弧对操作人员的伤害,不能用辅助绝缘安全工器具直接接触高压设备带电部分。
属于这一类的安全工器具有:
绝缘手套、绝缘靴、绝缘胶垫等。
一般防护用具是指防护工作人员发生事故的工器具,如安全带、安全帽等,在本规程中,将登高用的脚扣、升降板、梯子等也归入这个范畴。
导电鞋也归入这个范畴。
3.2预防性试验
为防止使用中的电力安全工器具性能改变或存在隐患而导致在使用中发生事故,对电力安全工器具进行试验、检测和诊断的方法和手段。
3.3高压
对地电压在250V以上。
3.4低压
对地电压在250V及以下。
3.5电容型验电器
通过检测流过验电器对地杂散电容中的电流,检验设备、线路是否带电的装置。
3.6携带型短路接地线
用于防止设备、线路突然来电,消除感应电压,放尽剩余电荷的临时接地的装置。
3.7个人保护接地线
主要用于防止感应电压危害的个人用接地装置。
3.8绝缘杆
用于短时间对带电设备进行操作的绝缘工具,如接通或断开高压隔离开关、跌落熔丝具等。
3.9核相器
用于检别待连接设备、电气回路是否相位相同的装置。
3.10绝缘罩
由绝缘材料制成,用于遮蔽带电导体或非带电导体的保护罩。
3.11绝缘隔板
用于隔离带电部件、限制工作人员活动范围的绝缘平板。
3.12绝缘胶垫
加强工作人员对地绝缘,由特殊橡胶制成的橡胶板。
3.13绝缘靴
由特种橡胶制成的,用于人体与地面绝缘的靴子。
3.14绝缘手套
由特种橡胶制成的,起电气绝缘作用的手套。
3.15导电鞋
由特种导电性能橡胶制成的,在220~500kV带电杆塔上及330~500kV带电设备区非带电作业时为防止静电感应电压所穿用的鞋子。
3.16安全带
高空作业中预防坠落伤亡的个人防护用品。
3.17安全帽
对人体头部受外力伤害起防护作用的帽。
3.18脚扣
用钢或合金材料制作的攀登电杆的工具。
3.19升降板
由脚踏板和吊绳组成的攀登电杆的工具。
3.20竹(木)梯
由木料、竹料制作的登高作业的工具。
4电容型验电器
4.1电容型验电器的试验项目、周期和要求见表1
表1电容型验电器的试验项目、周期和要求
序项周
40起动电压值不高于额定电压试验时接触电极起动1
与试验电极相接压试15%不低于额定电压工频耐工频额2
试压试kV电长mkV5min1min
/10450.7
/35950.9
/631751.0
/2201.3110
/2.1440220
3803.2330/
580
4.1
500
/
4.2试验方法
4.2.1验电器起动电压试验
高压电极由金属球体构成,在1m的空间范围内不应放置其他物体,将验电器的接触电极与一极接地的交流电压的高压电极相接触,逐渐升高高压电极的电压,当验电器发出“电压存在”信号,如“声光”指示时,记录此时的起动电压,如该电压在(0.15~0.4)倍额定电压之间,则认为试验通过。
4.2.2工频耐压试验
高压试验电极布置于绝缘杆的工作部分,高压试验电极和接地极
间的长度即为试验长度,根据表1中规定确定两电极间距离,如在绝缘杆间有金属连接头,两试验电极间的距离还应在此值上再加上金属部件的长度,绝缘杆间应保持一定距离,以便于观察试验情况。
接地极和高压试验电极以宽50mm的金属箔或用导线包绕。
对于各个电压等级的绝缘杆,施加对应的电压。
对于10~220kV电压等级的绝缘杆,加压时间1min;对于330~500kV电压等级的绝缘杆,加压时间5min。
缓慢升高电压,以便能在仪表上准确读数,达到0.75倍试验电压值起,以每秒2%试验电压的升压速率至规定的值,保持相应的时间,然后迅速降压,但不能突然切断,试验中各绝缘杆应不发生闪络或击穿,试验后绝缘杆应无放电、灼伤痕迹,应不发热。
若试验变压器电压等级达不到试验的要求,可分段进行试验,最多可分成4段,分段试验电压应为整体试验电压除以分段数
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