二语习得完稿ppt课件PPT课件下载推荐.ppt
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二语习得完稿ppt课件PPT课件下载推荐.ppt
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Corder,1977)“中介语”这一术语首次被引用指:
处于目的语与母语之间结构上处于中间状态的外语学习者的独特的语言系统。
Eg.中国人表示一种祝福:
Gotoworkhappily,andcomebackhomesafely!
中国人打招呼:
“Hi,whereareyougoing?
”,Interlinguainterference(语际干扰)PositivetransferEg.“我爱你“-“Iloveyou”“我学英语”-“IstudyEnglish“我是一位老师。
-Iamateacher.negativetransferEg.我明天上街-“Itomorrowgotothestreet.”我不知道他是谁-“Idontknowwhoishe”Intralinguainterference(语内干扰)Eg.”ThesemansarefromtheUnitedStates”(那些男人来自美国)”HecanwritethenamewithEnglish”(他能用英语写名字),Fossilization,DefinitionClassificationCauses,Internalcauses,Externalcauses,Definition,IthasbeenobservedthatsomewhereintheL2learningprocess,suchanILmayreachoneormoretemporaryrestrictingphasesduringwhichthedevelopmentoftheILappearstobedetained(Nemser,1971;
Schumann,1975).ApermanentcessationofprogresstowardtheTLhasbeenreferredtoasfossilization(Selinker,1972).,Classification,Temporaryfossilization:
暂时性石化:
Temporaryfossilizationreferstostabilityoflanguageacquisitionortheplateauphenomenonoflearning,atthemomentlanguageparameterissteadyandstatic,thephenomenonisalterableundercertainconditions.Permanentfossilization永久性石化:
Becausemostofthestudentsinterlanguageisinthetemporaryandstablestage,nopermanentfossilization.Becausestablestageisnotrealfossilization.Sothereisnorealpermanentfossilization.,InternalCausesMotivition:
adultsdonothavethemotivationtochangetheiraccentandtoacquirenative-likepronunciation.Unlikechildren,whoaregenerallymoreopentoTLculture,adultshavemorerigidlanguageegoboundaries.(Guioraetal.,1972).Communicativeneeds:
Thelearnerbelievesthathedoesnotneedtodevelophisinterlanguageanyfurtherinordertocommunicateeffectivelywhateverhewantsto.Acquisitiondevice:
Fossilizationmanifeststhatlearnersdonothavethelanguageabilityofthenativespeakers,onlyafewpeoplecanactivatethisparticularlanguageacquisitiondeviceandachievesuccess,whilemostofthemfailedafterthecrucialstage,whattheycanresorttoisonlygeneralcognitivemechanism,andthereforetheycannotreachtheendoftheinterlanguangecontinuumandappearfossilization.,Externalcauses,Communicativepressure:
thepressurecausedwhenlanguagelearnerscantexpressviewsInlanguageexchangeasitsbeyondoneslanguageabilitywhichwillleadtofossilization.Lackoflearningopportunities:
Languagelearnershavefewopportunitiesofforeignlanguageinputanduse.Feedback:
positivecognitivefeedbackscausefossilization;
(e.g.“Oh,Isee”)negativefeedbackshelptopreventfossilization.(e.g.“Idontunderstandyou”),Externalcauses,Communicativepressure:
(e.g.“Oh,Isee”)negativefeedbackshelptopreventfossilization.(e.g.“Idontunderstandyou”),Reference,王立飞,2009.9,第二语言习得入门,高等教育出版社RodEllis,1999.4,第二语言习得研究,上海外语教育出版社BernardSpolsky,2000.6,第二语言学习的条件,上海外语教育出版社刘润清文旭,2006.3,新编语言学教程,外
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