器官移植医学伦理学英文优质PPT.ppt
- 文档编号:13118353
- 上传时间:2022-10-05
- 格式:PPT
- 页数:16
- 大小:404KB
器官移植医学伦理学英文优质PPT.ppt
《器官移植医学伦理学英文优质PPT.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《器官移植医学伦理学英文优质PPT.ppt(16页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
,ORGAN,TRANSPLANT,Thefirstsuccessfulliving-relatedkidneytransplantatBrighamHospitalinBoston:
@#@AkidneywastransplantedfromRonaldHerrickintohisidenticaltwin,Richard.,UniformAnatomicalGiftActestablishestheUniformDonorCardasalegaldocumentforanyone18yearsofageoroldertolegallydonatehisorherorgansupondeath.,UNOSwasincorporatedasanindependent,non-profitorganization,committedtosavinglivesthroughunitingandsupportingtheeffortsofdonationandtransplantationprofessionals.,UNOSlaunchesUNetsm,asecure,Internet-basedtransplantinformationdatabasesystemforallorganmatchingandmanagementoftransplantdata.,UNOSlaunchesDonorNetsm,asecure,Internet-basedsysteminwhichorganprocurementcoordinatorssendoutoffersofnewlydonatedorganstotransplanthospitalswithcompatiblecandidates.,1954,1968,1984,1999,2006,Howorgansarematched,Thefirststep,Geographyplaysapart,Theright-sizedorgan,Beforeanorganisallocated,alltransplantcandidatesonthewaitinglistthatareincompatiblewiththedonorbecauseofbloodtype,height,weightandothermedicalfactorsareautomaticallyscreenedfromanypotentialmatches.Then,UNOScomputersystemdeterminestheorderthattheothercandidateswillreceiveoffers.,Thereare58localdonorserviceareasand11UNOSregionsthatareusedforU.S.organallocation.Heartsandlungshavelesstimetobetransplanted,soweusearadiusfromthedonorhospitalinsteadofregionswhenallocatingthoseorgans.,Properorgansizeiscriticaltoasuccessfultransplant,whichmeansthatchildrenoftenrespondbettertochild-sizedorgans.Althoughpediatriccandidateshavetheirownuniquescoringsystem,childrenessentiallyarefirstinlineforotherchildrensorgans.,GeneralnephrologyAllocationofresources:
@#@individualversuspopulationAcuterenalfailure-whenisitfutiletocontinueClinicalandmoleculardiagnosisofinheriteddisordersDialysisESDRtreatmentinanunequalworldTransplantationSourceofdonororgansAnencephalicbabiesLivingdonors-paid-unpaid-coercion-minorsExecutedprisonersPatientsinapersistentvegetativestateEquitabledistributionoforgans,CadaversDonations,Deadrole,2,ExecutedPrisoner,1,LivingDonations,nondirecteddonation,2,directeddonationtoastranger,3,directeddonationtoalovedoneorfriend,1,race,religion,andethnicgroup,4,CASE,Bothparentsofachildwhowasdyingofrespiratoryfailureinsistedondonatinglobesoftheirlungsinadesperatebutunsuccessfulattempttosaveherlife.,Withdirecteddonationtolovedonesorfriends,worriesariseabouttheintensepressurethatcanbeputonpeopletodonate,leadingthosewhoarereluctanttodosotofeelcoerced.,directeddonationtoalovedoneorfriend,Equallyimportant,however,aresituationsinwhichpeoplefeelcompelledtodonateregardlessoftheconsequencestothemselves.,Physiciansareobligatedtopreventpeoplefrommakingpotentiallylife-threateningsacrificesunlessthechanceofsuccessisproportionatelylarge.,CASE,Amanwhoseemedpathologicallyobsessedwithgivingawayeverything,fromhismoneytohisorgans,sayingthatdoingsowas“asmuchanecessityasfood,water,andair.”Afterdonatingonekidneytoastranger,hewonderedhowhemightgiveawayallhisotherorgansinadramaticsuicide.,Theradicalaltruismthatmotivatesapersontomakeapotentiallylife-threateningsacrificeforastrangercallsforcarefulscrutiny.,nondirecteddonation,Otherpsychologicallysuspectmotivationsneedtoberuledoutaswell.Isthepersontryingtocompensatefordepressionorlowself-esteem,seekingmediaattention.,CASE,1.thefamilyofabrain-deadFloridamanagreedtodonatehisorgansbutinsistedthatbecauseofthemansracistbeliefs,therecipientsmustbewhite.2.AJewishmaninNewYorklearnedofaJewishchildinLosAngeleswhoneededakidneytransplant.Themanwantedtohelpsomeoneofhisownfaithanddecidedhewaswillingtodonateakidneytohelpthisparticularchild.,1.Althoughtheorganswereallocatedaccordingly,Floridasubsequentlypassedalawprohibitingpatientsorfamiliesfromplacingsuchrestrictionsondonation.,race,religion,andethnicgroup,2.Onemightviewthedonationaspermissible,sinceatleastsomepatientswouldbenefit(thechildwouldreceiveakidney,andthosebelowheronthewaitinglistwouldmoveuponenotch)andnoonewouldbeharmed,thoseabovethegirlonthewaitinglistwouldnotreceivethekidneyunderanycircumstances,becausethemanwouldnotgiveittothem.,Whetherdirecteddonationtostrangersviolatesstandardsoffairnessisthuscontroversial.Butifitispermitted,itwillbeverydifficulttoprohibitdiscriminatorypreferences,sincedonorscansimplyspecifythattheorganmustgotoaparticularperson,withoutsayingwhy,Somearguethatjustaswehavearighttodonatetothepoliticalpartiesandcharitiesofourchoice,soshould
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 器官移植 医学 伦理学 英文