美国文学史及选读的名词解释(全) (2)[教学]Word格式文档下载.docx
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美国文学史及选读的名词解释(全) (2)[教学]Word格式文档下载.docx
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RomanticismPeriod:
2.Romanticism:
theliteraturetermwasfirstappliedtothewritersofthe18thcentxiryinEuropewhobrokeawayfromtheformalrulesofclassicalwriting.WhenitwasusedinAmericanliteratureitreferredtothewritersofthemiddleofthe19thcentxirywhostimulated(刺激)thesentimentalemotionsoftheirreaders.Theywroteofthemysteriousoflife,love,birthanddeath.TheRomanticwritersexpressedthemselvesfreelyandwithoutrestraint.Theywroteallkindsofmaterials,poetry,essays,plays,fictions,history,worksoftravel,andbiography.
3.Gothictradition(哥特传统):
GothicnovelorGothicromanceisastoryofterrorandsuspense,usuallysetinagloomyoldcastleormonastery.Inanextendedsense,manynovelsdonothaveamedievalizedsetting,butwhichshareacomparablysinister,grotesque,orclaustrophobicatmospherehavebeenclassedasGothic.Itcontributedtothenew
emotionalclimateofRomanticism.
4.Transcendentalism(先验说,超越论):
isaphilosophicandliterarymovementthatflourishedinNewEngland,particularatConcord,asareactionagainstRationalismandCalvinism(理性主义and喀尔文主义).MainlyitstressedintuitiveunderstandingofGod,withoutthehe净ofthechurch,andadvocatedindependenceofthemind.TherepresentativewritersareEmersonandThoreau.
5.Streamofconsciousness(意识流):
Itisoneofthemodemliterarytechniques.Itisthestyleofwritingthatattemptstoimitatethenaturalflowofacharacter'
sthoughts,feelings,reflections,memories,andmentalimagesasthecharacterexperiencesthem.Itwasfirstusedin1922bytheIrishnovelistJamesJoyce.Thosenovelsbrokethroughtheboundsoftimeandspace,anddepictedvividlyandskillfollytheunconsciousactivityofthemindfastchangingandflowingincessantlyo
6.AmericanRenaissance:
AmericanRenaissancesometimesisgiventoaflourishingofdistinctivelyAmericanliteratureintheperiodbeforetheCivilWar.ThisrenaissanceisrepresentedbytheworkofRa»
hWaldoEmerson,H.D.Thoreau,NathanielHawthorne,HermanMelville,andWaltWhitman.ItsmajorworksareHawthorne9sTheScarletLetter((f红宇〉),Melville'
sMobyDick(《白鲸》),andWhitman'
sLeavesofGrassf《草叶集》).TheAmericanRenaissance
mayberegardedasadelayedmanifestationofRomanticism,
especiallyinEuropean'
sphilosophyofTranscendentalism.
7.AmericanEnlightenment美国启蒙运动:
Enlightenmentisaphilosophicalmovementofthe18thcenturythatemphasizedtheuseofreasontoscrutinizepreviouslyaccepteddoctrinesandtraditionsandthatbroughtaboutmanyhumanitarianreforms.TheAmericanEnlightenmentisatermsometimesemployedtodescribetheintellectualcultureoftheBritishNorthAmericancoloniesandtheearlyUnitedStates.Itiscommonlydatedfrom1750-1820.AmongtheleadingintellectualfiguresofthisperiodareThomasJeffersonandJamesMadison.
8.FreeVerse自由体诗歌:
Freeverseisaformofpoetrythatdoesnotuseconsistentmeterpatterns,rhyme,oranyothermusicalpattern.Itthustendstofollowtherhythmofnaturalspeech.
RealismPeriod:
9.TheGildedAge:
itwascoinedbyMarkTwainandCharlesDudleyWarnerintheir1873book.TheGildedAge:
ATaleofToday.InAmericanhistory,theGildedAgereferstosubstantialgrowthinpopulationintheUnitedStatesandextravagantdisplaysofwealthandexcessofAmerica'
sipper-classduringthepost-CivilWarandpost-Reconstructionera,inthelate19thcentury.
10.PsychologicalRealism心里现实主义:
PsychologicalRealismisagenrewhichplacesmorethantheusualamountofemphasisoninteriorcharacterization,andonthemotives,circumstancesandinternalactionwhichspringsfromanddevelopsexternalaction.Thepsychologicalrealismisnotcontenttostatewhathappensbutgoesontoexplainthemotivationofthisaction.Thistypeofwritingcharacterandcharacterizationaremorethanusuallyimportant,andtheyoftendelvedeeperintothemindofacharacterthannovelsofothergenres.
11.LocalColorism:
asatrendbecamedominantinAmericanliteratureinthe1860sandearly1870s,itisdefinedbyHamlinGarlandashavingsuchqualityoftextureandbackgroundthatitcouldnothavebeenwritteninanyotherplaceorbyanyoneelsethananativestoriesoflocalcolorismhaveaqualityofcircumstantial详细的)authenticity(确实性),aslocalcoloriststriedtoimmortalize(使不朽)thedistinctivenatural,socialandlinguisticfeatures.Itischaracteristicofvemacular(本国语)languageandsatirical(讽刺的)humor
12.AmericanRealism:
InAmericanliterature,theCivilWarbroughttheRomanticPeriodtoanend.
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