工程管理外文翻译文档格式.doc
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工程管理外文翻译文档格式.doc
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RiskAnalysisoftheInternationalConstructionProject@#@By:
@#@PaulStanfordKupakuwana@#@CostEngineeringVol.51/No.9September2009@#@ABSTRACT@#@ThisanalysisusedacasestudymethodologytoanalysetheissuessurroundingthepartialcollapseoftheroofofabuildinghousingtheheadquartersoftheStandardsAssociationofZimbabwe(SAZ).Inparticular,itexaminedthepriorrolesplayedbytheteamofconstructionprofessionals.TheanalysisrevealedthattheSAZ?
@#@straditionalconstructionprojectwasgenerallycharacterizedbyhighrisk.Therewasaclearindicationofthefailureofacontractorandarchitectsinpreventingand/ormitigatingpotentialconstructionproblemsasallegedbytheplaintiff.Itwasreasonabletoconcludethatbetweenthemthedefectsshouldhavebeendetectedearlierandrectifiedingoodtimebeforethepartialrooffailure.Itappearedjustifiedfortheplaintifftohavebroughtanegligenceclaimagainstboththecontractorandthearchitects.Theriskanalysisfacilitated,throughitsmulti-dimensionalapproachtoacriticalexaminationofaconstructionproblem,theidentificationofaneffectiveriskmanagementstrategyforfutureconstructionprojects.Itfurtherservedtoemphasizethepointthatclientsarebecomingmoredemanding,morediscerning,andlesswillingtoacceptriskwithoutrecompense.Clientsdonotwantsurprise,andaremorelikelytoengageinlitigationwhenthingsgowrong.@#@KEYWORDS:
@#@Arbitration,claims,construction,contracts,litigation,projectandriskThestructuraldesignofthereinforcedconcreteelementswasdonebyconsultingengineersKnightPiesold(KP).QuantitysurveyingserviceswereprovidedbyHawkins,Leshnick&@#@Bath(HLB).ThecontractwasawardedtoCentralAfricanBuildingCorporation(CABCO)whowasalsoresponsiblefortheprovisionofaspecialistroofstructureusingpatented“gangnail”rooftrusses.ThebuildingconstructionproceededtocompletionandwashandedovertotheownersonSept.12,1991.TheSAZtookeffectiveoccupationoftheheadquartersbuildingwithoutacertificateofoccupation.Also,thedefectsliabilityperiodwasonlythreemonths.@#@Theroofstructurewasinplace10yearsbeforepartialfailureinDecember1999.Thebuildinginsurancecoveragedidnotcoverenough,theCityofHarare,agovernmentmunicipality,issuedthecertificateofoccupation10yearsafteroccupation,andafterpartialcollapseoftheroof.@#@AtfirsttheSAZdecidedtogotoarbitration,butthisfailedtoyieldanimmediatesolution.TheSAZthendecidedtoproceedtolitigateincourtandtobringanegligenceclaimagainstCABCO.Thepreparationforarbitrationwasreusedforlitigation.TheSAZ?
@#@squantifiedlossesstoodatapproximately$6millioninZimbabwedollars(US$1.2m).@#@Afterallpartieshadexaminedthefactsandevidencebeforethem,itbecameclearthattherewasagreatprobabilitythatthecourtsmightrulethatboththearchitectsandthecontractorwereliable.Itwasatthisstagethatthedefendants?
@#@lawyersrequestedthatthematterbesettledoutofcourt.Theplaintiffagreedtothissuggestion,withthetermsofthesettlementkeptconfidential.@#@TheaimofthiscriticalanalysiswastoanalysetheissuessurroundingthepartialcollapseoftheroofofthebuildinghousingtheHQofStandardAssociationofZimbabwe.Itexaminedthepriorrolesplayedbytheprojectmanagementfunctionandconstructionprofessionalsinpreventing/mitigatingpotentialconstructionproblems.Itfurtherassessedtheextenttowhichtheemployer/clientandpartiestoaconstructioncontractareabletorecoverdamagesunderthatcontract.Themainobjectiveofthiscriticalanalysiswastoidentifyaneffectiveriskmanagementstrategyforfutureconstructionprojects.Theimportanceofthisstudyisitsmultidimensionalexaminationapproach.@#@Experiencesuggeststhatparticipantsinaprojectarewellabletoidentifyrisksbasedontheirownexperience.Theadoptionofariskmanagementapproach,basedsolelyinpastexperienceanddependantonjudgement,mayworkreasonablywellinastablelowriskenvironment.Itisunlikelytobeeffectivewherethereisachange.Thisisbecausechangerequirestheextrapolationofpastexperience,whichcouldbemisleading.Allconstructionprojectsareprototypestosomeextentandimplychange.Changeintheconstructionindustryitselfsuggeststhatpastexperienceisunlikelyto@#@besufficientonitsown.Astructuredapproachisrequired.Suchastructurecannotandmustnotreplacetheexperienceandexpertiseoftheparticipant.Rather,itbringsadditionalbenefitsthatassisttoclarifyobjectives,identifythenatureoftheuncertainties,introduceseffectivecommunicationsystems,improvesdecision-making,introduceseffectiveriskcontrolmeasures,protectstheprojectobjectivesandprovidesknowledgeoftheriskhistory.@#@
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