外文文献翻译---电子商务对物流服务商的影响(节选)文档格式.docx

外文文献翻译---电子商务对物流服务商的影响(节选)文档格式.docx

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DelfmannW,AlbersS,GehringM.Theimpactofelectroniccommerceonlogisticsserviceproviders[J].InternationalJournalofPhysicalDistribution&

LogisticsManagement,2002,32（3）:

203-222.

文献原文

Theimpactofelectroniccommerceonlogisticsserviceproviders

WernerDelfmann,SaschaAlbers,MartinGehring,

BusinessPolicyandLogistics,UniversityofCologne,Germany

AbstractTheimpactofe-commerceonthebusinessenvironmentisoftenpraisedbutseldomanalyzedwithscrutiny.Inthispaperwetrytodepicttheunderlyinglogisticallyrelevantaspectsofe-commerceandtheirimpactsonlogisticsserviceproviders.Thisseemstobeofconsiderableimportance,aslogisticsisseenastheback-boneofe-commerceoperations.However,thefirmsspecializinginthisfieldarecommonlyneglected.Wearguethatthelogisticalimplicationsofe-commercecanbedifferentiatedintotwomaincategories:

theriseofe-marketplaces;

andtheeliminationofsupplychainelements（disintermediation）.Byanalyzingthesetwocategoriesandtheirmajorlogisticalimplicationsindetailwedeductstrategicconsequencesforlogisticsserviceproviders.

Keywords：

Internet,logistics,strategy

Introduction

E-commercehasbeenoneofthebuzzwordsofthelastyears.Analystsaswellasresearcherspredictedenormouschangesinthecompetitivelandscapeofwholeindustries,causinganasyetunwitnessedsurgeinstockpricesofcompaniesinthe“new”economy.However,thiswasalmosttwoyearsago.Today,thedusthassettledandmanyofthepromisingnewe-commercecompanieshavefailedorarestrugglingforeconomicalsurvival.Thefailureofsomanycompaniesine-commercecanbeinpartaccountedforbytheneglectoflogisticsasakeyfactorofsuccess,implyingaprominentroleforcompaniesspecializinginthelogisticssegment（Bretzke,2000）.Logisticsserviceproviders（LSPs）arethusconfrontedwithchangesintheirrespectivemarketenvironments.ItisthereforesurprisingthatlittleattentionhasbeenpaidtoanassessmentofthesechangesandtheirdirectaswellasindirectimplicationsforLSPs.（Incontrast,e-commerceapplicationsforlogisticscompanieshavestimulatedabroaderecho,e.g.PfohlandKoldau,1999.）

Thispapertriestobridgethegap.Itisdividedintothreemainsections.Thefirstpartdealswithaspecificationandclassificationoflogisticsserviceproviders.Inthesecondpartaclarificationoftheterme-commerceisprovidedandprominentbusinessmodelsofe-commercefirmsaredepictedaswellasmodificationsintheconfigurationoflogisticschainsillustrated.Finally,wefocusontheimplicationsofthesemodificationsandtrendsforLSPs.

LSPs

LSPshavegrowninimportancesincemoreandmorecompaniesoutsourcetheirlogisticsfunctions（Sheffi,1990）.Generallyspeaking,logisticsserviceprovidersarecompanieswhichperformlogisticsactivitiesonbehalfofothers.Additionalpopulartermsforthesecompaniesarethird-partylogisticfirm,orcontractlogisticsfirm（RazzaqueandSheng,1998;

Sinketal.,1996）.“Whateverlabelischosen,itdenotesexternalsuppliersthatperform（s）allorpartofacompany’slogisticsfunctions”（Coyleetal.,1996;

Ihde,1991）.However,definitionsofthiskindonlygiveaninstitutionalcharacterizationofLSPs,leavingthefunctionalscopeoftheseprovidersunanswered.

ItappearsreasonabletoassessthefunctionsofLSPsbyreferringtoadefinitionoftheunderlyingdomain,thatislogisticsandlogisticsmanagement.WithreferencetothepredominantlogisticsdefinitionprovidedbytheCouncilofLogisticsManagement（2001）,logisticsfunctionsincludetheplanning,implementationandcontroloftheflowofgoods,servicesandrelatedinformation.

LSPsdifferamongthepaletteofservicestheyprovidetotheircustomersaswellaswithregardtoothercriteria.AlthoughacommonlyacceptedtypologyforLSPsisstillmissing,somepropositionsexistonthismatter,e.g.typesofservices（Muller,1993a,b;

AfrickandCalkins,1994）,geographicalscopeofoperationsandtypeofgoodshandled（Niebuer,1996）.Withregardtotheircontributionfortheexplanationofchangesinthesupplychaininducedbye-commerce,wewillpursueacharacterizationemployingtwocriteriahere,whichare,however,closelyrelated.Wewillfocusonfunctionsandthedegreeofcustomization,asthecombinationofthesecriteriaallowsacomprehensiveclusteringofLSPs.

AnoverviewoffunctionsLSPstypicallyperform,basedonasurveyamongbuyersoflogisticsservices,isprovidedbySink.

AmoreconceptualapproachwastakenbyEngelsleben（1999）,whoclusteredthesefunctionsintotwobroadgroups:

serviceswhicharedirectlyrelatedtothephysicalflowofgoods,andserviceswhicharenotdirectlyrelatedtothephysicalgoodsflow.

However,thesefunctionsandtypesofservicescanbe