理想信念、政治纪律和政治规矩、作风、担当作为、组织生活、落实全面从严治党责任Word文档下载推荐.docx
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理想信念、政治纪律和政治规矩、作风、担当作为、组织生活、落实全面从严治党责任Word文档下载推荐.docx
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innovation.Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnew
habits,wecreateparallelsynapticpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjump
ourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks.
Butdon’tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;
oncethoserutsofprocedureareworninto
thehippocampus,they’retheretostay.Instead,thenewhabitswedeliberatelyingraininto
ourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads.
“Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwonder,”saysDawna
Markova,authorof“TheOpenMind”andanexecutivechangeconsultantforProfessional
ThinkingPartners.“Butwearetaughtinsteadto‘decide,’justasourpresidentcallshimself
‘theDecider.’”Sheadds,however,that“todecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone.A
goodinnovationalthinkerisalwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities.”
Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe’reunaware,shesays.
Researchersinthelate1960coveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproach
challengesinfourprimaryways:
analytically,procedurally,relationally(orcollaboratively)
andinnovatively.Atpuberty,however,thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatcapacity,
preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirst
decadeorsooflife.
Thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisandprocedure,
meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeandcollaborativemodesofthought.
“ThisbreaksthemajorruleintheAmericanbeliefsystem—thatanyonecandoanything,”
explainsM.J.Ryan,authorofthe2006book“ThisYearIWill...”andMs.Markova’s
businesspartner.“That’saliethatwehaveperpetuated,anditfosterscommonness.
Knowingwhatyou’regoodatanddoingevenmoreofitcreatesexcellence.”Thisiswhere
developingnewhabitscomesin.
Text2
Itisawisefatherthatknowshisownchild,buttodayamancanboosthispaternal
(fatherly)wisdom–oratleastconfirmthathe’sthekid’sdad.Allheneedstodoisshellour
$30forpaternitytestingkit(PTK)athislocaldrugstore–andanother$120togetthe
results.
Morethan60,000peoplehavepurchasedthePTKssincetheyfirstbecomeavailable
withoutprescriptionslastyears,accordingtoDougFog,chiefoperatingofficerof
Identigene,whichmakestheover-the-counterkits.Morethantwodozencompaniessell
DNAtestsDirectlytothepublic,ranginginpricefromafewhundreddollarstomorethan
$2500.
Amongthemostpopular:
paternityandkinshiptesting,whichadoptedchildrencan
usetofindtheirbiologicalrelativesandlatestrageamanypassionategenealogists-and
supportsbusinessesthatoffertosearchforafamily’sgeographicroots.
Mosttestsrequirecollectingcellsbywebbingsalivainthemouthandsendingittothe
companyfortesting.AlltestsrequireapotentialcandidatewithwhomtocompareDNA.
Butsomeobserversareskeptical,“Thereisakindoffalseprecisionbeinghawkedby
peopleclaimingtheyaredoingancestrytesting,”saysTreyDuster,aNewYorkUniversity
sociologist.Henotesthateachindividualhasmanyancestors-numberinginthehundreds
justafewcenturiesback.Yetmostancestrytestingonlyconsidersasinglelineage,either
theYchromosomeinheritedthroughmeninafather’slineormitochondrialDNA,whicha
passeddownonlyfrommothers.ThisDNAcanrevealgeneticinformationaboutonlyone
ortwoancestors,eventhough,forexample,justthreegenerationsbackpeoplealsohavesix
othergreat-grandparentsor,fourgenerationsback,14othergreat-great-grandparents.
Criticsalsoarguethatcommercialgenetictestingisonlyasgoodasthereference
collectionstowhichasampleiscompared.Databasesusedbysomecompaniesdon’trely
ondatacollectedsystematicallybutratherlumptogetherinformationfromdifferent
researchprojects.ThismeansthataDNAdatabasemaydifferdependingonthecompany
thatprocessestheresults.Inaddition,thecomputerprogramsacompanyusestoestimate
relationshipsmaybepatentedandnotsubjecttopeerrevieworoutsideevaluation.
Text3
Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesis
widelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalikeprogressinbothareais
undoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandall
othersocieties;
however,t
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