考研英语一真题及答案Word格式.docx
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考研英语一真题及答案Word格式.docx
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Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
TodayweliveinaworldwhereGPSsystems,digitalmaps,andothernavigationappsareallavailableonoursmartphones.1ofusjustwalkstraightintothewoodswithoutaphone.Butphones2onbatteries,andbatteriescandiefasterthanwerealize.3yougetlostwithoutaphoneoracompass,andyou 4can’tfindnorth,afewtricksmayhelpyou
navigate5tocivilization,oneofwhichistofollowtheland.
Whenyoufindyourself6atrail,butnotinacompletely7areaofland,youhavetoanswertwoquestions:
Which8isdownhill,inthisparticulararea?
Andwhereisthenearestwatersource?
Humansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys,andonsuppliesoffreshwater.9 ,ifyouheaddownhill,andfollowanyH2Oyoufind,youshould10seesignsofpeople.
Ifyou’veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsights—youmaybe11howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyourbearings.
Another12 :
Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation.13 ,evenindense
forest,youshouldbeableto14gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,traintracks,andotherpathspeoplecarve15thewoods.Headtowardthese16tofindawayout.Atnight,scanthehorizonfor17lightsources,suchasfiresandstreetlights,thenwalktowardtheglowoflightpollution.
18 ,assumingyou’relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent,lookforthe19we
leaveonthelandscape.Trailblazes,tiretracks,andotherfeaturescan20youtocivilization.
1. [A] Some [B] Most [C] Few [D] All
2. [A] put [B] take [C] run [D] come
3. [A] Since [B] If [C] Though [D] Until
4. [A] formally [B] relatively [C] gradually [D] literally
5. [A] back [B] next [C] around [D] away
6. [A] onto [B] off [C] across [D] along
7. [A] unattractive [B] uncrowded [C] unchanged [D] unfamiliar
8. [A] site [B] point [C] way [D] place
9. [A] So [B] Yet [C] Instead [D] Besides
10. [A] immediately [B] intentionally [C] unexpectedly [D] eventually
11. [A] surprised [B] annoyed [C] frightened [D] confused
12. [A] problem [B] option [C] view [D] result
13. [A] Aboveall [B] Incontrast [C] Onaverage [D] Forexample
14. [A] bridge [B] avoid [C] spot [D] separate
15. [A] from [B] through [C] beyond [D] under
16. [A] posts [B] links [C] shades [D] breaks
17. [A] artificial [B] mysterious [C] hidden [D] limited
18. [A] Finally [B] Consequently [C] Incidentally [D] Generally
19. [A] memories [B] marks [C] notes [D] belongings
20. [A] restrict [B] adopt [C] lead [D] expose
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
FinancialregulatorsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.Startingnextyear,anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed10yearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitutions.Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:
morelong-termdecision-making,notonlybybanksbutalsobyallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.
“Short-termism”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies,saystheBankofEngland’stopeconomist,AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagiantofclassicaleconomics,AlfredMarshall,indescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike“childrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.
TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain,henotes,hasdroppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm’seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed“quarterlycapitalism.”
Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequities,quickeruseofinformation,andthusshorterattentionspansinfinancialmarkets.“Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-terminvesting,”saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninaspeechthisweek.
IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyActof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodeferperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduce“short-termism.”InitslastsurveyofCEOpay,TheWallStreetJournalfindsthat“asubstantialpart”ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.
Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage“long-termism”,suchaschangesinthetax
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