关于计算机专业网页小程序有关的外文文献翻译成品_Java Web Start和小应用程序Applets(中英文双语对照)文档格式.docx
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关于计算机专业网页小程序有关的外文文献翻译成品_Java Web Start和小应用程序Applets(中英文双语对照)文档格式.docx
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份太老,可改为近2年,毕竟很多毕业生都这样做)
英文3584单词,19270字符(字符就是印刷符),中文5622汉字。
(如果字数多了,可自行删减,大多数学校都是要求选取外文的一部分内容进行翻译的。
)
JavaWebStartandApplets
Initsearlydays,JavacametoprominencebecauseofJavaapplets,runninginwebbrowsers.Appletshavehadsomethingofacheckeredhistorysincethen,andmostJavawebtechnologiesbelongintheenterpriseeditionratherthanthestandardeditionofJava.However,appletsarestillwidelyused,andcanbeausefulcomponentofrichInternetapplications.Alsoassociatedwiththeweb,butlessdirectly,isJavaWebStart,whichallowsdesktopapplicationstobedeployedovertheweb.Inthischapter,wewillbeginbylookingatJavaWebStartandthenlookatapplets,whichcannowusethesamedeploymentmechanismasJavaWebStart,makingitveryeasytoswitchbetweenthetwomodesofdeployment.SincebothJavaWebStartandappletsrequireustocreatewebpageswithappropriatelinkstoJavaapplicationsorapplets,wewillbeginwithbriefoverviewsofwebbrowsers,URLs,andHTML.
20.1 WebBrowsers,URLs,andHTMLPages
Webbrowsersoftware(e.g.,Explorer,Firefbx,Safari,Chrome,etc.)isdesignedtoretrieveinformationfromremotesitesontheWorldWideWeb(WWW)usingUniformResourceLocators(URLs).MuchoftheinformationismadeavailableintheformofHTML(HyperTextMarkupLanguage)webpages.
20.1.1 URLs
AURLisbasicallytheInternetaddressofaresourceonaparticularserver,and
typicallyiswritteninthreeparts:
theprotocol,theserveraddress,andthenameoftheresource(includinganypathinformation).
20.1.1.1TheHTTPProtocol
Theprotocolprefixforwebpagesis“http:
//”.Thisstandsfor“hypertexttransferprotocol”andmostURLsstartthisway.Indeedthispartisoftenomitted,becauseitisusuallythebrowser’sdefaultprotocol(thoughthereareotherwebprotocolsthatyoumaybefamiliarwithsuchasFTP,theFileTransferProtocol).
20.1.1.2TheServerAddress
Theserveraddressusuallybeginswith“www”(WorldWideWeb),followedbythenameofthesiteandits“domain,”whichdefinesitscategoryandmayincludeitscountrycode.Eachoftheseisseparatedbyaperiod(fullstop).Take,forexample,thefollowingURL:
“introjava”isthenameoftheserversiteand“com”meansacompany.Commonalternativesto“com”are“edu”foracademicinstitutionsand“org”fororganizations.ManyURLsarewithinacountrydomain,suchas“.co.uk”or“ac.nz”.Ifyouarerunningatestserveronyourlocalmachine,thedomainnamebecomes“localhost.”
20.1.1.3ThePathandResourceName
ThefinalpartofaURLcanincludethelocation(directory)andnameoftheparticularfileatthesite.Forexample,
http:
//www.apache.org/foundation/getinvolved.html
Thislooksforthefile“getinvolved.html”inthe“foundation”directory.Thefilenamewillgenerallyendin“html”(orsometimesjust“htm”)becauseitwillusuallybeafilewritteninHTML(seebelow).Ifnofilenameisspecified,“index.html”isoftentheserver’sdefaultfilenamethatitwillsendbacktothebrowser.Ifnoindexfileis
present,thenadirectorylistingmaybedisplayedinstead,oranerrorpage,dependingontheserver’sconfiguration.
20.1.2HTML(HyperTextMarkupLanguage)
WebbrowsersdisplayscreensofinformationwrittenusingHTML(HyperTextMarkupLanguage).ThebrowsertakesthebasicinformationstoredintheHTMLfileandformatsitappropriatelyusingtagsembeddedintothetextofthefile.AllHTMLfilesbeginw'
ithan<
html>
tagandendw'
ith<
/html>
.MostHTMLtagsareterminatedlikethis,usingaforwardslashfollowedbythetagname.ThisisaverysimpleHTMLfile,showingadditionaltagsforthepageheader(<
head>
whichcanincludeatitle<
title>
),themainbodyofthetext(<
body>
),andsometext.Headertags(suchas<
hl>
)canbeusedtoformatthesizeoftext.The<
p>
tagisusedtospecifyparagraphs.The“DOCTYPE”atthetopthefilespecifiestheversionofHTMLthatisbeingused.ThisexampleusesHTML5(differentDOCTYPEShavedifferentexpectationsabouthowthedocumentshouldbestructured).
Fig.20.1AsimpleHTMLpageloadedintoabrowser
Figure20.1showswhatthispagelookslikewhenloadedintoabrowserasalocalfile.Simplefilescaneasilybewrittenbyhand,butformorecomplexpagesitisbettertouseoneofthemanyavailableHTMLeditingtools.SomesimpleHTMLpageswillbeneededtolaunchtheapplicationsandappletsdescribedinthischapter.
<
!
DOCTYPEhtml>
<
AsimpleHTMLpage<
/title>
/head>
Thisisaheading<
/hl>
HereisthetextofmyHTMLpage<
/p>
/body>
20.2JavaWebStart
JavaWebStartisagenericRichInternetApplication(RIA)launchmechanismthatcanbeusedt
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