自考综合英语二课文.doc
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自考综合英语二课文.doc
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自考综合英语二课文
全国高等教育自学考试指定教材综合英语二(上下)主编徐克荣外语教学与研究出版社
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LessonOne
TwelveThingslWishTheyTaughtatSchool
CarlSagan
俗话说:
“活到老,学到老。
”人的一生就是不断学习、不断丰富和充实自己的过程。
青少年阶段,尤其是中学阶段,无疑是学习的最佳时期。
中学教育的重点应放在什么地方?
美国著名科学家和科普作家萨根批评中学只抓各个学科具体内容的做法,他认为中学要注重对青少年的宏观教育,使他们建立起唯物的世界观和宇宙观,使他们能够正确对待自己,关心周围的世界——人类生存的环境和自己的地球同胞。
1Iattendedjuniorandseniorhighschool,publicinstitutionsinNewYorkandNewJersey,justaftertheSecondWorldWar.Itseemsalongtimeago.ThefacilitiesandtheskillsoftheteacherswereprobablywellaboveaveragefortheUnitedStatesatthattime.Sincethen,I'velearnedagreatdeal.OneofthemostimportantthingsI'velearnedishowmuchthereistolearn,andhowmuchIdon'tyetknow.SometimesIthinkhowgratefulIwouldbetodayifIhadlearnedmorebackthenaboutwhatreallymatters.Insomerespectsthateducationwasterriblynarrow;theonlythingIeverheardinschoolaboutNapoleonwasthattheUnitedStatesmadetheLouisianaPurchasefromhim.(Onaplanetwheresome95%oftheinhabitantsarenotAmericans,theonlyhistorythatwasthoughtworthteachingwasAmericanhistory.)Inspelling,grammar,thefundamentalsofmath,andothervitalsubjects,myteachersdidaprettygoodjob.Butthere'ssomuchelseIwishthey'dtaughtus.
2Perhapsallthedeficiencieshavesincebeenrectified.Itseemstometherearemanythings(oftenmoreamatterofattitudeandperceptionthanthesimplememorizationoffacts)thattheschoolsshouldteach—thingsthattrulywouldbeusefulinlaterlife,usefulinmakingastrongercountryandabetterworld,butusefulalsoinmakingpeoplehappier.Humanbeingsenjoylearning.That'soneofthefewthingsthatwedobetterthantheotherspeciesonourplanet.Everystudentshouldregularlyexperiencethe"Aha!
"—whensomethingyouneverunderstood,orsomethingyouneverknewwasamystery,becomesclear.
3Sohere'smylist:
Pickadifficultthingandlearnitwell.
4TheGreekphilosopherSocratessaidthiswasoneofthegreatestofhumanjoys,anditis.Whileyoulearnalittlebitaboutmanysubjects,makesureyoulearnagreatdealaboutoneortwo.Ithardlymatterswhatthesubjectis,aslongasitdeeplyinterestsyou,andyouplaceitinitsbroaderhumancontext.Afteryouteachyourselfonesubject,youbecomemuchmoreconfidentaboutyourabilitytoteachyourselfanother.Yougraduallyfindyou'veacquiredakeyskill.Theworldischangingsorapidlythatyoumustcontinuetoteachyourselfthroughoutyourlife.Butdon'tgettrappedbythefirstsubjectthatinterestsyou,orthefirstthingyoufindyourselfgoodat.Theworldisfullofwonders,andsomeofthemwedon'tdiscoveruntilwe'reallgrownup.Mostofthem,sadly,weneverdiscover. Don'tbeafraidtoask"stupid"questions.
5Manyapparentlynaiveinquirieslikewhygrassisgreen,orwhytheSunisround,orwhyweneed55,000nuclearweaponsintheworld—arereallydeepquestions.Theanswerscanbeagatewaytorealinsights.It'salsoimportanttoknow,aswellasyoucan,whatitisthatyoudon'tknow,andaskingquestionsistheway.Toask"stupid"questionsrequirescourageonthepartoftheaskerandknowledgeandpatienceonthepartoftheanswerer.Anddon'tconfineyourlearningtoschoolwork.Discussideasindepthwithfriends.It'smuchbravertoaskquestionsevenwhenthere'saprospectofridiculethantosuppressyourquestionsandbecomedeadenedtotheworldaroundyou.
Listencarefully.
6Manyconversationsareakindofcompetitionthatrarelyleadstodiscoveryoneitherside.Whenpeoplearetalking,don'tspendthetimethinkingaboutwhatyou'regoingtosaynext.Instead,trytounderstandwhatthey'resaying,whatexperienceisbehindtheirremarks,whatyoucanlearnfromoraboutthem.Olderpeoplehavegrownupinaworldverydifferentfromyours,oneyoumaynotknowverywell.They,andpeoplefromotherpartsofthecountryandfromothernations,haveimportantperspectivesthatcanenrichyourlife.
Everybodymakesmistakes.
7Everybody'sunderstandingisincomplete.Beopentocorrection,andlearntocorrectyourownmistakes.Theonlyembarrassmentisinnotlearningfromyourmistakes.
Knowyourplanet.
8It'stheonlyonewehave.Learnhowitworks.We'rechangingtheatmosphere,thesurface,thewatersoftheEarth,oftenforsomeshort-termadvantagewhenthelong-termimplicationsareunknown.Thecitizensofanycountryshouldhaveatleastsomethingtosayaboutthedirectioninwhichwe'regoing.Ifwedon'tunderstandtheissues,weabandonthefuture.
Scienceandtechnology.
9Youcan'tknowyourplanetunlessyouknowsomethingaboutscienceandtechnology.Schoolsciencecourses,Iremember,concentratedontheunimportantpartsofscience,leavingthemajorinsightsalmostuntouched.Thegreatdis
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