非接触式智能IC卡中英文对照外文翻译文献Word格式文档下载.docx
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非接触式智能IC卡中英文对照外文翻译文献Word格式文档下载.docx
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外文资料
ANewContact-lessSmartCardICUsinganOn-ChipAntennaandanAsynchronousMicro-controller
Abstract—ThispaperdescribesanewgenerationofContact-lessSmartCardChipwhichintegratesanon-chipcoilconnectedtoapowerreceptionsystemandanemitter/receivermodulecompatiblewiththeIS014443standard,togetherwithanasynchronousquasi-delayinsensitive(QDI)8-bitmicro-controller.BeyondtheContact-lessSmartCardapplicationfield,thisnewchipdemonstratesthatsystem-on-chipintegratingpowerreceptionandmanagement,radio-frequencycommunication,andsignalprocessingisfeasible.Itassociatesanalog/digitalpartsaswellassynchronous/asynchronouslogicsandhasbeenfabricatedinaCMOSsixmetallayers0.25--mtechnologyfromST-Micro-electronics.
IndexTerms—Asynchronousprocessor,coil-on-chip,quasi-delayinsensitivecircuits,SmartCards,system-on-chip.
I. INTRODUCTION
TheSmartCardmarketentersanewera,withaboomingnumberofapplicationsinvariousdomainsandnewcountrieswillingtousethistechnology.
SmartCardsarebecomingmoreandmoreubiquitousandthetrendistointegrateacardreaderinallkindofequipment(PCs,PDAs,mobilephones,etc.).E-commerce,citizenadministration,andotherscouldbe,throughtheInternet,goodvehiclestoallowserviceproviderstodevelopnewservicesusingtheSmartCardasahigh-securitykeyelement.
Inthiscontext,contact-lessSmartCardsshouldplayanimportantpart.Theabsenceofcontactinduceslowermaintenancecost,improveseaseofuse,reliability,and,therefore,end-usersatisfaction.Theyaredeclinedinseveraltypesaccordingtothelocationoftheantenna.Itcanbeonthecard,onthemodule,orintegrateddirectlyonthechip.Thislatertechniquesignificantlydecreasescardfabricationcost.Moreover,astheuserstillinsertshiscardinareaderslot,transactionsremainassafeaswhenusingcardswithcontacts.
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Sincemostapplicationsrequirelow-costlow-powersystems,thegoalofthisworkistointegrateonasinglechipanantenna,anISO14443compliantradio-frequencyemitter/receiver,togetherwithanasynchronousmicro-controller.Integratingthewholesystemonsiliconshouldpavethewaytonewreliablelow-costContact-lessSmartCardchips.
ThesemainkeytechnologiesusedtodesignthisnewSmartCardchiparepresentedinSectionII.TheSmartCardchipde-signisdetailedinSectionIII,andthedesignmethodologyisbrieflydescribedinSection
IV.ExperimentalresultsaregiveninSectionV.
II.INNOVATION
Theinnovationofthischipliesintheassociationonthesamedieoftwokeytechnologies[9]:
anintegratedpowerreceptionsystemwithanon-chipcoil[5],andan8-bitCISCQDIasynchronousmicro-controller[8].Thisassociationenablesustotakeadvantageoftheasynchronouslogicpropertiesinordertodecreasethedesignconstraintsoftheintegratedpowerreceptionsystemandalsotoincreasetheworkingdomainofthedigitalprocessingpart.
Infact,theasynchronouslogichasthreeinterestingadvantagesvaluablefortheContact-lessSmartCardapplicationconsideredhere[6],[7].Insteadofbeingclockdriven,asynchronouscircuitsaredatadrivenwhichresultsinalowermean-powerconsumption.Insteadofimplementingacentralcontrolunit,asynchronouscircuitsimplementadistributedcontrolsystemwhichresultsinsmallercurrentpeaksandthenlowerelectromagneticemissionbecausetheelectricalactivityisspreadovertime.Finally,insteadofbeing
―clocktimed‖,asynchronouscircuitsareself-timedwhichenablesanautomaticregulationoftheperformance.Hence,QDIasynchronouscircuitsarenotsensitivetovoltagevariations,andrunsattheirmaximumspeedwithrespecttothepowerreceived.
SincetheQDI8-bitmicro-controllerissorobustwithrespecttothepowersupplyvariations(seeSectionIII),thedesignofthepowerreceptionsystemismadeeasier:
loweraveragepowerdelivered,aswellasthepeakpower,andsimplifiedregulationofthesupplyvoltage.Thisnotonlymakesthedesigneasier,butalsodecreasesthearea(smallerVDDsmoothingcapacitance).Finally,becauseofitslowcurrentpeakstheQDIasynchronousmicro-controllerdoesnotinterferewiththeloadmodulationusedintheISO14443standardforthecommunicationbetweenthecardandthereader.Thisenablesthemicro-controllertorunwhilethechipistransferringdatatothereaderwhichdecreasesthecomplexityofthesoftwareandthenthememoryspacerequirements.
III.SMARTCARDCHIPDESIGN
TheSmartCardchipiscomposedoffourmainblocks(Fig.1).TheRFfront-endrecoverspowerfromtheintegratedantenna,whichformsatransformerwiththeexternalreaderantenna.Therecoveredpoweristhenstabilizedandsuppliesthewholechip:
theasynchronousmicro-controllera
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