Linux大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文Word下载.docx
- 文档编号:12988803
- 上传时间:2022-10-01
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:17
- 大小:32.34KB
Linux大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文Word下载.docx
《Linux大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文Word下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《Linux大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文Word下载.docx(17页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
文献、资料来源:
文献、资料发表(出版)日期:
院(部):
专业:
班级:
姓名:
学号:
指导教师:
翻译日期:
2017.02.
14
1.1.History
InordertounderstandthepopularityofLinux,weneedtotravelbackintime,about30yearsago...
Imaginecomputersasbigashouses,evenstadiums.Whilethesizesofthosecomputersposedsubstantialproblems,therewasonethingthatmadethisevenworse:
everycomputerhadadifferentoperatingsystem.Softwarewasalwayscustomizedtoserveaspecificpurpose,andsoftwareforonegivensystemdidn’trunonanothersystem.Beingabletoworkwithonesystemdidn’tautomaticallymeanthatyoucouldworkwithanother.Itwasdifficult,bothfortheusersandthesystemadministrators.
Computerswereextremelyexpensivethen,andsacrificeshadtobemadeevenaftertheoriginalpurchasejusttogettheuserstounderstandhowtheyworked.ThetotalcostofITwasenormous.
Technologicallytheworldwasnotquitethatadvanced,sotheyhadtolivewiththesizeforanotherdecade.In
1969,
ateamofdevelopersintheBellLabslaboratoriesstartedworkingonasolutionforthesoftwareproblem,toaddressthesecompatibilityissues.Theydevelopedanewoperatingsystem,
whichwas
simpleandelegantwrittenintheCprogramminglanguageinsteadofinassemblycodeabletorecyclecode.
TheBellLabsdevelopersnamedtheirproject
’’UNIX."
Thecoderecyclingfeatureswereveryimportant.Untilthen,allcommerciallyavailablecomputersystemswerewritteninacodespecificallydevelopedforonesystem.UNIXontheotherhandneededonlyasmallpieceofthatspecialcode,whichisnowcommonlynamedthekernel.ThiskernelistheonlypieceofcodethatneedstobeadaptedforeveryspecificsystemandformsthebaseoftheUNIXsystem.Theoperatingsystemandallotherfunctionswerebuiltaroundthiskernelandwritteninahigherprogramminglanguage,C.ThislanguagewasespeciallydevelopedforcreatingtheUNIXsystem.Usingthisnewtechnique,itwasmucheasiertodevelopanoperatingsystemthatcouldrunonmanydifferenttypesofhardware.
Thesoftwarevendorswerequicktoadapt,sincetheycouldselltentimesmoresoftwarealmosteffortlessly.Weirdnewsituationscameinexistence:
imagineforinstancecomputersfromdifferentvendorscommunicatinginthesamenetwork,orusersworkingondifferentsystemswithouttheneedforextraeducationtouseanothercomputer.UNIXdidagreatdealtohelpusersbecomecompatiblewithdifferentsystems.
ThroughoutthenextcoupleofdecadesthedevelopmentofUNIXcontinued.MorethingsbecamepossibletodoandmorehardwareandsoftwarevendorsaddedsupportforUNIXtotheirproducts.
UNIXwasinitiallyfoundonlyinverylargeenvironmentswithmainframesandminicomputers(notethataPCisa’’micro"
computer).Youhadtoworkatauniversity,forthegovernmentorforlargefinancialcorporationsinordertogetyourhandsonaUNIXsystem.
Butsmallercomputerswerebeingdeveloped,andbytheendofthe80’s,manypeoplehadhomecomputers.Bythattime,therewereseveralversionsofUNIXavailableforthePCarchitecture,butnoneofthemweretrulyfree.
1.1.3.CurrentapplicationofLinuxsystems
TodayLinuxhasjoinedthedesktopmarket.Linuxdevelopersconcentratedonnetworkingandservicesinthebeginning,andofficeapplicationshavebeenthelastbarriertobetakendown.Wedon’tliketoadmitthatMicrosoftisrulingthismarket,soplentyofalternativeshavebeenstartedoverthelastcoupleofyearstomakeLinuxanacceptablechoiceasaworkstation,providinganeasyuserinterfaceandMScompatibleofficeapplicationslikewordprocessors,spreadsheets,presentationsandthelike.
Ontheserverside,Linuxiswell-knownasastableandreliableplatform,providingdatabaseandtradingservicesforcompanieslikeAmazon,thewell-knownonlinebookshop,USPostOffice,theGermanarmyandsuch.EspeciallyInternetprovidersandInternetserviceprovidershavegrownfondofLinuxasfirewall,proxy-andwebserver,andyouwillfindaLinuxboxwithinreachofeveryUNIXsystemadministratorwhoappreciatesacomfortablemanagementstation.ClustersofLinuxmachinesareusedinthecreationofmoviessuchas’’Titanic’.,’’Shrek”andothers.Inpostoffices,theyarethenervecentersthatroutemailandinlargesearchengine,clustersareusedtoperforminternetsearches.Theseareonlyafewofthethousandsofheavy-dutyjobsthatLinuxisperformingday-to-dayacrosstheworld.
ItisalsoworthtonotethatmodernLinuxnotonlyrunsonworkstations,mid-andhigh-endservers,butalsoon’’gadgets”likePDA’s,mobiles,ashiploadofembeddedapplicationsandevenonexperimentalwristwatches.ThismakesLinuxtheonlyoperatingsystemintheworldcoveringsuchawiderangeofhardware.
1.2.Theuserinterface
1.2.1.1sLinuxdifficult?
WhetherLinuxisdiff
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- Linux 大学毕业 论文 外文 文献 翻译 原文