旋涡隧道溢洪道及液压操作条件外文翻译Word下载.docx
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旋涡隧道溢洪道及液压操作条件外文翻译Word下载.docx
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旋涡隧道溢洪道及液压操作条件外文翻译@#@VORTEX-TUNNELSPILLWAYSANDHYDRAULICOPERATINGCONDITIONS@#@M.A.Galant,B.A.Zhivotovskii,V.B.Rodionov,andN.N.Rozanova@#@ExecutiveSummary@#@ @#@ @#@Spillwaytunneliswidelyusedinhigh-pressurehydraulicengineering.Therefore,thistypeofspillwaythisstudyisanimportantandurgenttasktohelpintheuseofthesetypesofhydraulicconstructionofspillwaycanhelpdevelopthebestandreliablespillwaystructure.Thisisconfirmedbyvortexspillwaytunnelinthedesignofapressurefluctuationandintensityofturbulentenergydissipationprocess@#@Keywords:
@#@vortexspillwayenergydissipation@#@Tunnelspillwaysarewidelyusedinmedium-andhigh-pressurehydraulicworks.Itisthereforeanimportantandpressingtasktoimprovetheconstructionsusedinthesetypesofspillwaysandtodevelopoptimalandreliablespillwaystructures.Withthisinmind,wewouldliketoturnthereader'@#@sattentiontoessentiallynovel(i.e.,intermsofconfigurationandoperatingconditions)vortexspillwayswhichutilizevortex-typeflows.Ontheonehand,thesetypesofspillwaysmakepossiblelarge-scaledissipationofthekineticenergyoftheflowontheinitiallegofthetailracesegment,and,asaconsequence,flowratesofslightlyvortex-typeandaxialflowsthroughthesubsequentlegsthatdonotproducecavitationdamage.Ontheotherhand,thedangerouseffectofhighflowratesonthestreamlinedsurfacedecreasesoverthelengthoftheinitialtailracelegasaconsequenceoftheincreasedpressureonthewallcausedbytheeffectofcentrifugalforces.AnumberofstructuralstudiesoftunnelspillwaysforhydraulicworkssuchastheRogunskii,Teri,Tel'@#@mamskii,andTupolangskiihydraulicworksbasedondifferentoperatingprincipleshavenowbeencompleted.Theseconstructionsmaybedividedintothefollowingbasicgroups:
@#@-vortex-type(orso-calledsingle-vortextype)spillwayswithsmoothdissipationoftheflowenergythroughoutthelengthofthetunnelwhenLr>@#@(60--80)hTor(60--80)dT(wheredTandhTarethediameterandheightofthetunnel),whilethecross-sectionofthetunneliseithercircularornear-circularthroughoutitslength.-vortex-typespillwayswithincreasinglygreaterdissipationoftheenergyofthevortex-typeflowoverashorterlengthLr-<@#@(60--80)hTofanoncircularsectionriverdiversiontunnel(horseshoe-shaped,square,triangular)whichisconnectedtotheeddychambereitherbymeansofanenergy-dissipation(expansion)orbymeansofasmoothtransitionleg;@#@-spillwayswithtwoormoreinteractingvortex-typeflowsinenergy-dissipationdischargechambersorinspecialenergydissipatorsthathavebeentermed"@#@counter-vortexenergydissipators"@#@.Theterminalportionofthetailracetunnelofavortexspillwaymaybeconstructedintheformofaski-jumpbucket,astillingbasin,orspecialstructuresdependingontheflowrateattheexitfromthetunnelandontheconditionsinthechanneldownstream.Thehydraulicsystemusedtolinktheflowtothetailracecanalmayinvolvetheuseofeitheroverflowtypeorfree-falltypestructures.Vortexspillwayswithsmoothoraccelerateddissipationofenergyovertheentirelengthofthewaterconduitrepresentthesimplestandmostpromisingtypesofhydraulicstructures.Techniquesofdesigningvortexspillwayshavenowbeendevelopedandpublishedinnumerousstudies;@#@inparticular,techniquesarenowavailableforcalculatingthehydraulicresistanceofindividuallegsofarouteandtheflowratesandpressuresinvortex-typeflow.However,foreachactualhydraulicprojectadesignedstructuremustalsobeevaluatedbymeansofmodelinvestigations,sinceitisstillnotpossibletoevaluatealltheelementsoftheoperationofaspillwaybymeansofcalculations.Thus,letusturnourattentiontoanumberoftheoreticallyimportantproblems.Afamiliaritywiththesetopicswillbeofassistanceinthedesignandinvestigationofvortexspillways.@#@EvaluationoftheDesignandGeometricDimensionsoftheElementsofaSpillway.Theselectionofaparticulartypeofspillwaydependsonanumberoffactors,suchastheeffectivehead,themagnitudeoftheescapagedischarge,theconfigurationofthehydraulicproject(forexample,theuseofariverdiversiontunnelduringtheoperationalperiodorofthewaterconduitsofhydroelectricpowerplantsintheconstructionperiod),conditionsinthedischargeoftheflowintothetailracechannel,topographicandgeologicalfeatures(inparticular,thepossiblelengthofthetailraceleg),andthetechnicalandeconomiccharacteristics.Inlet(entrysegmentintheformofsurfaceorsubsurfaceofftake).Theinletisdesignedonthebasisofstandardtechniquestomaintainitsconveyancecapacitywhenfunctioninginthefree-fallregime.Shafts(verticalorinclined).Thediameteroftheshaftismadenearlyequaltothediameterofthetail
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- 旋涡 隧道 溢洪道 液压 操作 条件 外文 翻译