45123 中英文朗读.docx
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45123 中英文朗读.docx
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45123中英文朗读
PHC预应力砼管桩静压施工工法
PHCprestressedconcretepipepilestaticpressureconstructionmethod
刘朋梁生武裴健李志薛伟朋孙伟
LiufriendsLiangShengwuPeiJianLizhiXueWeipeng'
一、前言
One,foreword
预应力混凝土管桩是采用先张法预应力离心成型工艺,并经过10个大气压、180℃左右的蒸汽养护,采用工厂化生产的一种等截面空心圆筒型的混疑土预制构件。
在施工现场,采用锤击或静压的方式沉入地下作为建(构)筑物的基础。
这是一种新型的基桩,是近年来快速发展兴起的一种地基基础处理形式。
根据混凝土强度及壁厚分为PC、PHC(高强)、PTC(薄壁)三种类型,其中以预应力高强混凝土管桩(简称PHC桩)应用最为广泛。
因其施工工艺简单、单桩承载力高、质量可靠、单位造价便宜等诸多优点,是目前预制桩同类型基础中比较先进的一种基础类型,同时与诸如混凝土灌注桩等其它不同类别的基桩相比,其技术先进且质量稳定。
Prestressedconcretepipepilearethefirsttensioningprestressedcentrifugalmoldingprocess,andafter10atmospheres,around180℃steamcuring,usethecrosssectionsuchasfactoryproductionofahollowcylindertypeofprefabricatedsuspectedsoil.Intheconstructionsite,usethehammerorstaticwayintoundergroundasbuilt,thebasisofcontent.Thisisanewtypeofpile,arapiddevelopmentinrecentyearstheriseofaformoffoundationtreatment.AccordingtotheconcretestrengthandthicknessintoPC,PHC(highstrength),PTC(thin)threetypes,amongthemwithprestressedhighstrengthconcretepipepile(PHCpileforshort)ismostwidelyapplied.Becauseofitssimpleconstructiontechnique,highbearingcapacityofsinglepile,thequalityofreliable,cheap,andmanyotheradvantages,unitcostiscomparativelyadvancedtypeprecastpilefoundationofabasetype,atthesametimeandtheotherdifferentcategoriessuchasconcretefillingpilefoundationpile,comparedtoitsadvancedtechnologyandstablequality.
PHC管桩静压法施工,是通过桩机自带吊装设备或另配吊机吊装、喂桩,压桩机以其自重和桩架上的配重作反力将PHC管桩压人土中的一种沉桩工艺,与锤击法管桩施工工艺相比具有低噪音、低污染的环保特性,对土层及周边建(构)筑物影响小、桩身质量破坏小的特点。
预应力管桩发展前期仅仅应用在沿海及软弱地层地区,经权威数据统计,PHC管桩在桩基中的比例不足10%,管桩在中东部地区会有着很大的发展前景,其先进的技术对于同类型工程有着借鉴意义和推广应用价值。
PHCpipepileconstructionofstaticpressuremethod,isthroughthepilemachinewithliftingequipmentorothercranehoisting,pile,pilingmachinewithitsself-respectandpileframeweightasthereactionforcetopressthePHCpipepileofapileintheprocess,comparedwiththemethodofhammerpipepileconstructiontechnologyhastheenvironmentalprotectioncharacteristicoflownoise,lowpollution,thesoilandsurroundingbuilding,contenthasthecharacteristicsofsmall,qualityofpilebodydamage.Prestressedpipepileprophasedevelopmentappliedonlyinthecoastalandweakstratumarea,bytheauthoritativedatastatistics,lessthan10%ofPHCpipepileinthepilefoundation,pileincentralandeasternregionswillhavegreatdevelopmentprospects,withitsadvancedtechnologyforthesimilarengineeringsignificanceandapplicationvalue.
在天津站改扩建无站台柱雨棚工程桩基施工中,采用了静压施工技术进行了施工,收到了良好的社会效益与经济效益。
Intianjinstationreconstructionwithoutstationpillarpilefoundationconstructionofthecanopy,thestaticpressureconstructiontechnologyisusedforconstruction,hasreceivedthegoodsocialbenefitandeconomicbenefit.
二、工法特点
Second,themethodofcharacteristics
PHC管桩施工工艺主要有锤击法和静压法两种,在管桩发展前期主要是锤击机械引领着管桩的施工作业,近几年来,随着大吨位(8000KN)的液压压桩机的问世和静压沉桩施工工艺的完善,静压法施工工艺与锤击法相比具有明显的优点,因此发展十分迅速,正在逐步取代锤击法施工的工艺。
PHCpipepileconstructiontechnologyarehammeringmethodandstaticmethodtwokinds,attheearlystageofthedevelopmentofpipepileismainlymechanicalleadingconstructionofpipepilehammer,inrecentyears,asthebigtonnage(8000kn)hydraulicpilingmachineandtheadventoftheimprovementofthestaticpressurepileconstructiontechnology,constructiontechnologyforstaticpressuremethodcomparedwithhammeringmethodhasobviousadvantages,sodevelopmentisveryrapid,isgraduallyreplacinghammerconstructionprocess.
1、质量可靠、单桩承载力高
1,reliablequality,highbearingcapacityofsinglepile
由于管桩材料为预应力高强混凝土,高速离心成型工艺和二次湿热养护工艺工厂化制作,桩身质量及沉桩长度可用直接监测,管桩质量可靠;施工中采用静压桩机进行沉桩施工,压桩力可通过压力表直观、安全、准确地反映,因而对桩体承载力的控制、判断精确度高;静压法沉桩与锤击法沉桩施工相比,因沉桩过程是慢速均匀加载,无冲击和反射应力波,对桩身冲击应力小,施工质量易保证。
Duetotheforprestressedconcretepipepilematerials,high-speedcentrifugalmoldingprocessandthesecondwetandheatcuringprocessingfactoryproduction,qualityofpilebodyandpilelengthcanbeuseddirectlymonitoring,reliablepilequality;Duringtheconstructionofthepiledrivingconstructionwithstaticpressurepilemachine,pilingforcebypressuregauge,safety,accuratelyreflect,therefore,thebearingcapacityofpilebodycontrol,judgment,highprecision;Methodofstaticpressurepileandpiledrivingconstructionhammeringmethodcomparedtopiledrivingprocessisslowbecauseofuniformload,noimpactandreflectionofstresswaveandimpactofpilebodystressissmall,easytoguaranteeconstructionquality.
由于PHC管桩桩身混凝土强度高,可打入密实的砂层和强风化岩层,由于挤压作用,桩端承载力可比原状土质提高60%-75%,桩侧摩阻力提高20%-40%,并因PHC管桩为高强度混凝土预应力构件,尤其抗压、抗弯性能好,其桩身承载力比其它桩种高2-5倍。
BecausePHCpipepilebodyconcreteintensityishigh,canintothedensesandandstrongweatheringrock,duetothesqueezingeffect,pileendbearingcapacitythantheoriginalstatesoilincreasedby60%-75%,pilesidefrictionincreasedby20%-40%,andforPHCpipepileisapre-stressedhigh-strengthconcretecompressivestrength,flexuralperformanceisgood,especiallythepilebearingcapacityishigherthanotherpileof2-5times.
2、施工速度快,建设投资周期短
2,theconstructionspeedandconstructioninvestmentcycleisshort
管桩为工厂预制混凝土构件,采用高压、蒸汽养护,生产周期短,一般3-5天即可出厂,可提前批量生产,不占用施工养护周期。
静压法沉桩施工,如果场地条件许可,一台桩机可压入300m左右的管桩。
在普通地质条件下,2-3分钟即可压入10m长一棵管桩,施工时间主要用在桩头、接桩焊接及倒运管桩、移动桩机等其他工作项目上。
而且沉桩完毕后,桩体即有强度,承载力达到最终承载力的80%以上。
在必要时可加快施工进度,缩短投资周期,获得良好的经济效益。
Pipepile,precastconcretecomponentsforthefactoryusinghighpressure,steamcuring,shortproductioncycle,generally3to5daystothefactory,canbemassproductioninadvance,donottakeuptheconstructioncuringperiod.Staticpressurepiledrivingconstructionmethod,ifconditionspermit,apilemachinecanbepressedintothepileofabout300m.Inthegeneralgeologicalconditions,press2to3minutesintothe10mlongapipepile,constructiontimemainlyusedinthepilehead,pileweldinganditsstoringpipepile,mobilemachines,andotherworkontheproject.Andafterpile,pilewithstrengthandbearingcapacityreachedmorethan80%oftheultimatebearingcapacity.Whennecessarytospeeduptheconstructionprogress,shortentheinvestmentcycle,gaingoodeconomicbenefits.
3、施工污染少、安全环保,对周边影响小。
3,lesspollution,safeenvironmentalprotection,constructionimpactonthesurroundingsmall.
静压法沉桩施工管桩,因采用电力液压驱动操作,无震动、无噪音。
而锤击法沉桩震动剧烈,噪音大且拌有浓烟油污,对周边环境影响大,且锤击法沉桩施工,对周边土地振动大,影响周围建筑(构)物的安全稳定。
而静压由于是缓慢匀速压入,对土体振动小,为周边环境影响小。
而且管桩均为成品,与混凝土灌注桩相比无砂石料、混凝土及泥浆等污染。
Staticpressurepiledrivingconstructionmethodofpipepile,drivenbyhydraulicpoweroperation,novibration,nonoise.Andhammeringmethodofpiledrivingvibration,noiseandsmokeoil,mixedwithlargeimpactonthesurroundingenvironment,andhammerpiledrivingconstructionmethod,thevibrationisbig,thesurroundinglandaffectthesecurityandstabilityofsurroundingbuilding(structure).Andstaticpressureduetothepressureataconstantspeedisslow,thesoilvibrationissmall,fortheenvironmentalimpactissmall.Andpipepilearefinishedproduct,comparedwithconcretefillingpilewithoutballast,suchasconcreteandmudpollution.
4、适应性能好,应用较广泛。
4,toadapttothegoodperformance,widelyused.
PHC管桩能够穿透普通软土层及粉沙粘土层,配上开口型桩尖减少挤土效应后,具有良好的穿透土层能力,尤其是采用静压沉桩方式。
遇到特殊土质如软硬不均、上软下硬、软硬突变的土层,穿透能力更优于锤击法沉桩方式。
锤击桩法沉桩方式,因一惯的高度(即冲击力)在突遇复杂土层时极易将桩体打坏破损,造成质量事故。
PHCpipepilecanpenetratenormalsoftsoilandsiltclaylayer,withopenmouthafterpiletiptoreducecompactioneffect,hasagoodabilitytopenetratethesoil,especiallyusingthestaticpressurepilemethod.Meetspecialsoilsuchasunevenhardnessandsoftness,onsoftsoil,hard,hardandsoftmutationunderpenetrationpiledrivingwayismorebetterthanhammeringmethod.Methodofhammerpiles,becauseoftheheightofaused(impact)whenencounteredsomecomplexsoilwillbeeasilybrokenpilebreaking,causethequalityaccident.
PHC管桩桩段有10-12m、13-15m一节的,也有3-4m、5-6m一节的,搭配灵活,运输吊装方便,成桩长度不受限制,用普通的电焊机即可实现迅速接驳。
在港口码头、铁路桥涵及市政、房建工程中均能够应用推广。
PHCpipepilesectionhas10to12m,13to15msection,thereare3to4m,5-6msection,collocationisflexible,convenienttransporthoisting,thelengthofpileisnotrestricted,byordinaryelectricweldingmachinecanberealizedrapidlytransferring.Inportterminals,railwayBridges,andmunicipal,residencebuildingsareabletoapplyinengineering.
5、造价低、材料损耗小,经济效益高。
5,lowcost,littlemateriallossandhigheconomicbenefits.
由于管桩混凝土强度高,单桩承载力大,工程造价相对于混凝土灌注桩便宜40%左右。
由于静压法沉桩对桩身破坏小,送桩到位率高,截桩小,质量可靠,经济效益较高。
Becauseofthepipepileconcretestrengthishigh,thesinglepilebearingcapacityisbig,theprojectcostrelativetotheconcretefillingpileisabout40%cheaper.Duetopiledrivingsmalldamagetopilebody,staticpressuremethodtosendpilemustbehigh,cutpileissmall,reliable,andeconomicefficiencyishigher.
三、适用范围
Third,scopeofapplication
PHC静压管桩作为一种快速兴起的一种基桩形式,适用于各类建筑物的低承台桩基础,如工业与民用建筑、铁路桥梁、机场、港口码头、水利及市政工程等;适用于一般粘性土及回填土、淤泥和淤泥质土、粉(砂)性土、非自重湿陷性黄土质以及强风化(全风化)的岩层、坚硬的碎石土层和砂土层中,并且不受地下水位高低的影响。
与锤击法沉桩方式相比尤其适应于软硬突变的土层中;由于静压无噪音,在对环保要求较高的地区,特别是在城市和居民区的新建和改造工程施工尤其适用。
StaticpressurePHCpipepile,asarapidriseofapileform,suitableforallkindsoflowbearingplatformpilefoundationofbuildings,suchasindustrialandcivilconstruction,railwayBridges,airports,ports,waterconservancyandmunicipalengineering,etc.;Applicabletogeneralcohesivesoilandbackfillsoil,mudandsiltsoil,powdersoil(sand),theweightofcollapsibleloessmassandstrongweathering(fullyweatheredrock,hardrock,soilandsandysoillayer,andisnotaffectedbyundergroundwaterlevel.Comparedwithpiledrivingwayhammeringmethodisespeciallysuitableforhardandsoftmutationofsoil;Duetothestaticpressur
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