《英语教学法》一.docx
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《英语教学法》一.docx
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《英语教学法》一
《英语教学法》一
ⅠFillintheblanks
1.Firstofall,ateachershouldbe__proficient_
(1)intheEnglishlanguage.Theimportanceofbeingagoodlanguageuserinvolvesfourpoints.First,alanguageteacherisa__modal_
(2)forstudentstoimitate,tofollowandtolearnfromeitherconsciouslyorsubconsciously.Second,agoodcommandofEnglishendowsateacherwith__confidence_(3).Fromthisemergesthethirdpoint.AteachercanattractstudentsimmediatelywithhisorhergoodEnglish.Whenadmirationisestablished,studentstendtobelieveintheteacher,__cooperate_(4)withtheteacher,andbehavewellinclassactivities.ThelastpointisthatgoodEnglishempowerstheteacherto__manage_(5)classwell,trynewmethodsandadapthisorherteachingatanytime.
2.Acquisitionandlearning
TherearetwokindsofprocessesinSLAaccordingtoKrashen(1981,1985,1989).
Acquisition:
a_subconscious__(6)processwhichleadstothedevelopmentof“_competence__(7):
andisnot_dependent__(8)ontheteachingofgrammaticalrules
Learning:
the__conscious_(9)studyandknowledgeofgrammaticalrules,whichdoesnotleadto
_acquisition__(10)
Thetwokindsofprocessarelinkedtotwokindsofknowledge.
Implicitknowledge:
theL2knowledgeofwhichalearneris__enabler_(11)andthereforecannot___(12).
Explicitknowledge:
theL2knowledgeofwhichalearnerisawareandcanverbalizeon
__strategies_(13).
a.Learnersprogressalongthestorage_errors__(14)orderbyunderstandinginputthatcontainsstructuresalittlebitbeyondtheircurrentlevelofcompetence_acquisition__(15).Eventuallytheabilitytoproducethelanguageissaidtoemergenaturally,andneednotbetaughtdirectly.
b.Althoughcomprehensibleinputisnecessaryforacquisitiontotakeplace,itisnotsufficient,aslearnersalsoneedtobe_interaction__(16)disposedto‘letin’theinputtheycomprehend.Inotherwords,successfulsecondlanguageacquisitiondependsonthelearner’sfeelings._Approaches__(17)attitudes(includingalackofmotivationorself-confidenceandanxiety)aresaidtoactas_Silent__(18),preventingthelearnerfrommakinguseofinput,andthushinderingsuccessinlanguagelearning.
c.Inputbecomescomprehensibleasaresultofsimplificationandwiththehelpof__Syllable_(19)andextralinguisticclues;“fine-tuning”(i.e.ensuringthatlearnersreceiveinputrichinthespecificlinguisticpropertytheyareduetoacquirenext)isnotnecessary.
d.Learningandlearnedrulesserveasa__Intonation_(20)oreditorofutterancesinitiatedbyheacquiredsystem.
e.Speakingistheresultofacquisitionnotitscause;learnerproductiondoesnotcontribute__Spelling-pronunciation_(21)toacquisition.
3.Forbothnativespeakersandnon-nativespeakers,fluencyincludes_Rap__(22),__drills_(23),_composition__(24)and_deserves__(25).Fluencyisageneraltermforgoodspeaking__responses_(26).
4.Fordifferentlevelaccuracymeansdifferentthingswhichgoesfrom__comprehension_(27)_situations__(28)to
__required_(29)_understanding__(30).
5.Instudyingtherelationbetweenfluencyandaccuracy,thereisonepointtobesure,thatis,fluencydoesnot_accuracy__(31)accuracyatall.
6.Humansacquirelanguagebyunderstandingmessagesorbyreceiving_interaction__(32)_activities__(33)inthe_errors__(34)process.
7.Engaginglearnersin__skills_(35)interactioninthesecondorforeignlanguageclassroomisessentialandinvolvestheprocessesofboth_information__(36)and__scanning_(37)__ambiguity_(38).
8.InKrashen’stheory,adultshavetwodistinctivewaysofdevelopingcompetenceinsecondorforeignlanguagelearning,thatis,__genre_(39)and_style__(40).
9.Theconceptsofpronunciationare_techniques__(41),_process__(42)andvoicelesssounds,__coherence_(43)andconsonantsounds,vowellettersand_goals__(44)letters,_equipment__(45),__procedures_(46)ofEnglish,_follow-upnotes__(47),__evaluation_(48)ofspeech.
10.__Knowledge_(49)soundsaretheonesproducedwhenthevocalcardsvibrate;voicelesssoundsaretheonesproducedwhenthevocalsoundsdonot_cohesiveness__(50).
11.Opensyllables:
withone_cohesiveness__(51)letterattheendofthegrammatical___(52)syllable(nottheendoftheword),whichisnotfollowedorclosedbyanyotherletter laterbetidygoruler withone_encouraged__(53)letterthatisfollowedbya_interaction__(54)“e”attheendofthe_individual__(55)syllablelietiehoetoetruegluewithone__syllabus_(56)letterfollowedbyasingle__philosophy_(57)letter(otherthan“r”)andthena__operational_(58)“e”attheendofthestressedsyllable
12.Englishisalanguageofrhythms.MasteringtherhythmofEnglishisveryimportantintermsofgoodpronunciationandeffectivespeaking.Englishspeechrhythmischaracterizedby__political_(59).Aunitcanbeoneorgroupsofwords.Atoneunitcarriedonecentral_philosophy__(60)syllable.Eachunitshouldtakeaboutthesametimetosayevenifthenumberofwordsineachunitisdifferent.
13.TherelationshipbetweenspellingandsoundsinEnglishlanguageisnotsimpleandregular.Soanalphabeticsystemwithonesymbolrepresentingone__curriculum_(61)isneeded,whichispresentedasalistofphoneticalphabet.Inthe_objectives__(62)phoneticsymbolsoftheEnglishlanguage,package___(63)arevowelsoundand28are__adaptation_(64)sounds.Theyarepresentsasthefollowingchart,whichisalsocalledthe_throughout__(65),__resourceful_(66).
14.a.Asforgrammar,thestructureconnects__practice_(67)and_communicative__(68)inthelanguage.
b.Thetwogeneralwaystoclassifygrammaritemsarestimulation___(69)orientedand__unpredictability_(70)oriented.
c.Englishlanguageisa_forign__(71)language.
d.Thetwowaysofteachinggrammararetoteachgrammarseparatelyorto_reliability__(72)sometimeinclasstodogrammarteachingthroughoutthecourse.
e.Theinstructionmediumofgrammarteachingcanbeeitherthe__beneficial_(73)languageorthe
___(74)language.
f.Deductivelearningis__assessment_(75)andcoversmoregrammarinaperiodoftime.
g.Grammarteachingcanbeeither__immediately_(76)or_institution__(77)orboth.
h.InHarmer’sopinion,agoodpresentationshouldbe__definition_(78),_development__(79),interesting,_construction__(80)andproductive.
15.a.Ingeneral,vocabularyitemscanbeclassifiedintothreeaspects:
_achievement__(81),_authoritative__(82)and_reflection__(83).
b.Connotativemeaning:
the_positive__(84)meaningsthatavocabularyitemhasbeyondits_reasoning__(85)meaning.Inotherwords,connotationisassociated_facilitates__(86)or__reflection_(87)feelingsthatavocabularyitemevokes.Itmayormaynotbeindicatedinadictionary.
c.Therearetwokindsofvocabularylearning:
__developmenta_(88)and_judgment__(89).___Generally(90)learningistostudywords__literal_(91)._understanding__(92)learningandteachingisof__vague_(93)nature.Itisnotplannedbutdrawntoattentionintheprocessoflearningandteaching.
d.Vocabularylearningandteachingisaprocesstobuildupvocabularyability.Theyare
__denotation_(94),_connotation__(95),_contextualmeaning__(96)and_meaningrelationship__(97).
e.Contextualmeaning:
the__function_(98)and_mutual__(99)meaningofavocabularyitemthatisusedinacertain__functions_(100).Somewordsare_easy__(101);someare_different_(102).Althoughtheybothhavethesame_meaning__(103)buttheyareusedindifferentcontext.
Ⅱ.Explainthefollowingterms
1.Teacherasalanguageanalyst
Beinganeffectivelanguageanalystmeansnotonlytheteacherpossessestheknowledgeaboutthelanguagebutalsohelpstudentsstudythenatureofthelanguagewithlearningeffects.BeinganeffectivelanguageanalystalsomeansbeingabletoconceptualizelanguagephenomenaasEnglishisrich,complexanddiverse(Wright1991).Nogrammarbooksordictionariescanincludealllanguagephenomena.Sotheteacherisrequiredtotheorizethelanguageexperience.
2.Erroranalysis
Makingerrorsisaconspicuouspartoflanguagelearning.Asapersonstartslearningthelanguage,he/shestartsmakingmistakes.Researchershavetriedtodescribeandexplainwhatmistakeslearnerstendtomakeandwhytheymakemistakes.
3.Grammar:
formandfunction
Grammarformisthelanguagematerialthatisstructuralandthengrammarfunctionisfunctionsofthelanguage.Forbeginners,studyingstructuralEnglishismoreefficientbecausetheycanhaveacontroloverthelanguage.Foradvancedlearners,functionalEnglishiswhattheyneedbecauseitisinteresting,challengingandencouragingtheuseofEnglish
4.Fluencyandaccuracy
(1):
Awareness
(2):
Controlleddrills
Againtheresponsesareverycontrolled,butlearnerscanmakealimitedchoiceofvocabulary.
(4):
Guided,meaningfulpractice
(5):
(Structure-based)freesentencecomposition
(6):
(Structure-based)discoursecomposition
(7):
Freediscourse
5.Empatheticqualityasateacher
Firstofall,ateacherisrequiredtobeproficientintheEnglishlanguage.He/sheneedstobeexcellentinlistening,speaking,readingandwriting.Theimportanceofbeingagoodlanguageuserinvolvesfourpoints.First,alanguageteacherisamodalforstudentstoimitate,tofollowandtolearnfromeitherconsciouslyorsubconsciously.Subconsciouslearningplaysaveryimportantroleinstudents’acquisitionofthelang
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- 英语教学法 英语 教学法