火灾自动报警系统.docx
- 文档编号:12883639
- 上传时间:2023-04-22
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:8
- 大小:19.24KB
火灾自动报警系统.docx
《火灾自动报警系统.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《火灾自动报警系统.docx(8页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
火灾自动报警系统
AutomaticfirealarmsystembasedonMCU
Abstract:
Thepaperintroducedanautomaticwarehousefirea1armsystembasedonMCU.ThesystemwasmainlymadeupofATmega16,temperaturesensors,smokesensors,andEX-1autodialedalarmmodule.Inthesystem,temperaturesignalsweretransformedtoserialdata,andsmokesignalsweretransformedtovoltagesignals.AllthedatawereprocessedbyMCU.Whenthesurveillancesystemcheckedfireinwarehouse,alarmsignalwasturnon,meanwhilethemessagesweretransmittedtomanagersthroughEX-1.Applicationofthesystemwasconvenienttodealwithfirein-time,efficientlybywarehousemanager.
Keywords:
firealarmtransducer;smokesensorsystem;ATmega16;temperaturetransducer;smokesensor
I.INTRODUCTION
AutomaticfirealarmcontrolsystemhasexperiencedaprocessfromthesimpletothecomplexandintelligencesystemincreasinglyinChina.Thecharacteristicisautomaticfiredetectionandalarmtechnologyhasagreatprogressalongwithcomputinganddetectiontechnologydevelopment.Atpresent,automaticfirealarmcontrolsystemwasusedinbulkstorageplant,shoppingmalls,high-levelofficebuildings,hotelsandotherplaces.Theywereusedinanumberofcollectionsfocusedononeareaofintelligentalarmcontrolmethodwithhigherlevelsofbus-typealarmcontrolsystem,andinsomeresidentialareasandcommercialbuildingswereinstalledbyasingleautomaticfirealarmdetectiondevice.Thesealarmdetectiondevicesfailtoreportsometimes,ormisinformation.Itsreliabilityisnothighbecauseofusingsinglesensor.Therefore,itisneededtodevelopasimplestructure,lowcost,highreliability,fastresponding,automaticfiredetectionsystem.
II.GENERALPROJECTOFTHESYSTEM
ThehardwareblockdiagramshowninFigure1,hardwarebytemperaturesensors,smokesensors,signalprocessingmodule,MCUmodulesandautomaticalarmmodule.Nonelectricalquantitythatisthroughthesensingelementsensors(smokesensorsandtemperaturesensors)willbeon-sitetemperature,smokeandothernon-electricalsignalintoanelectricalsignal,aswellassignalsforsignalprocessingtoconvertanalogquantitytodigitalquantity.Finally,thesampleddatawereprocessedandcomparedwiththelimitsbyMCUsystem.Thissystemcanproducelocalandremoteauto-alarmsignals.
TemperatureIonization
Transducersmokedetector
signal
processing
PD0PD1
SCM
autoalarm
module
Tephoneel
Interface
…
Figure1.Automaticfirealarmsystemstructure
Ⅲ.THEHARDWARECOMPONENTS
A.Atmega16
Thesystemusedbythe.Atmel’smicrocontrollerATmega16microcontroller.ATmega16isbasedontheAVRRISCarchitecturetoenhancelow-power8-bitCMOSmicrocontroller.Becauseofitsadvancedinstructionsetandasingleclockcycleinstructionexecutiontime,ATmega16datathroughputofupto1MIPS/MHz.Therebymitigatethesysteminthepowerandthecontradictionbetweentheprocessingrate.ATmega16hasthefollowingcharacteristics:
16Kbytesin-systemprogrammableFlash(withtheabilitytoreadandwriteatthesametime,thatis,RWW),512bytesEEPROM,1KbytesSRAM,32general-purposeI/Oportlines,32general-purposeworkingregisters,fortheJTAGboundaryscaninterface,supporttheon-chipdebuggingandprogramming,3hasamoreflexiblemodeoftimer/counter(T/C),chipinternal/externalinterrupts,programmableserialUSART,thereareinitialconditionsdetectoruniversalserialinterface,8-channel10-bitwithoptionaldifferentialinputstageprogrammablegain(TQFPpackage)oftheADC,withon-chiposcillatorofprogrammablewatchdogtimer,anSPIserialport,aswellassixcanbeselectedbysoftwarepower-savingmode.
ThechipisbasedonAtmelhigh-densitynonvolatilememorytechnologyproductionon-chipISPFlashallowstheprogrammemorythroughtheISPserialinterfaceorageneral-purposeprogrammerforprogramming;youcanalsorunontheAVRcoreamongthebootstraptoprogram.BootprogramcanuseanyinterfacetodownloadtheapplicationtotheFlashmemoryarea(ApplicationFlashMemory).ApplicationofFlashstorageareaisupdatedwhenthebootFlasharea(BootFlashMemory)programcontinuestorun,RWWoperationachieved.ATmega16tobecomeapowerfulmicrocontrollerby8-bitRISCCPUandthesystemprogrammableflashinasinglechip,formanyembeddedcontrolapplicationsprovidesaflexibleandcost-effectivesolution.ATmega16hasasetofprogrammingandsystemdevelopmenttools,including:
Clanguagecompiler,macroassembler,programdebugger/softwareemulator,emulatorsandevaluationboards.
B.TemperatureSensor
TemperaturesensormanufacturedbyDALLASSemiconductorDS18B20-typesingleintelligencetemperaturesensor,itsperformancefeaturesinclude:
1)Thissensorhavesingle-bus-specifictechnology,eitherthroughtheserialportcablealsothroughotherI/Oportlinesandcomputerinterfaces,withoutgoingthroughotherconversioncircuitsDirectoutputmeasuredtemperaturevalue(9-bitbinarynumber,withsignbit).
2)Temperaturerangeis-55℃~+125℃,measurementresolutionof0.0625℃.
3)Containing64asamendedthroughthelaser-read-onlymemoryROM.
4)FitavarietyofSCMorsystemmachine.
5)Userscansetseparatewayseachtemperatureupperandlowerlimit.
6)Includesparasiticpower.
DS18B20andthemainchipconnectiondiagramshowninFigure2:
DS18B20numberonepingrounded,thenonthe3rdpinhighandthe2ndpinthena5.1Kofthepull-upresistor,atthesametimereceivedasingleoutputsignalofthePD0pin.Pull-upistopulltheuncertaintysignalthrougharesistorembeddedinthehighplaces,resistanceatthesametimecurrent-limited.ProgramfromtheDQpininhighimpedancestatetoensurethatthebeginning,sothatyoucanpullonthepull-upresistortothehighDQ.Atthesametimethemainchipalsocanbeanexternalsitealarmbuzzer.
Figure2.ds18b20andthemainchipconnectiondiagram.
C.SmokeMonitoringModule
SmokesensorschooseHIS-07ionsmokedetectorswhentheflowthroughtheinsideandoutsidetheionizationchamberionizationelectronflowisunbalanced,collectorchargescurrentuntiltheionizationbalance.Inasmoke-freeornon-combustion,thecollectorbeingsubjecttotheimpactionizationcurrentstatisticalfluctuation,thepotentialtomaintainabalance.Ionizationcurrenthaveimpactwhenthesmokeintotheionizationchamber,easilyintotheionizationchambersmokeoutsidethaninsidetheionizationchamberoftheaffected,ionizationcurrentdeclineinandcollectortore-chargeuntilthenewequilibriumpotential,thispotentialchangecanbeusedtotriggerthealarmcircuit.TechnicalparameterssuchasTable1.
TABLEIONSMOKESENSORTHCHNICALDATA
TableHeadTableColumnhead
Equilibriumpotentialcollector±
Collectorpotentialwiththesmoke
Reducedlightrateof1%/ft
Reducedlightrateof4%/ft
Capacitor6PF
SmokesignalsareprocessedonthechipofchoiceistheMotorolacompany’sMC14468,MC14468forDIP16-pinpackage,containoscillator,timer,latch,alarmcontrollogiccircuit,highinputimpedancecomparatoretc.Whennotdetectedsmoke,MC14468internaloscillatorthatoscillationcycle.Eachcycletheinternalpowersupplyisprovidedtotheworkoftheentirechip.It’sallkeptdetectanysmokeinadditiontoLEDflashes,batteryvoltagealarmandsmokealarm.Theoscillatoroscillationperiodbecomes40mswhentheMC14448Oncedetectionsmoke,thistimepiezoelectricbuzzerdrivingcircuittostartoscillation,starttobeabletooutputtomaintainthehigh160msafterthecessationofduringthedetectionofsmokecessationofchanges,atthistimeifnotdetectedsmokebeeperwillnotbeissuedawarningsound.
Infigure3,theMC144681pinjointPD1pinofSCMwhentheionchamberoftheioncurrentasthesceneofsmokedetectionandchange,voltagechangegenerationaweakside-spreadseized15,bytheMC14468internallogicprocessingcircuitprocessing,thesmokeisdetectedby1pin-outhighmicrocontrollerforprocessing.13-pinthensliderheostatissettofacilitatedetectionsensitivitywhentheledflashesandthebuzzersoundedapiercingsoundofanaudioalarmwhenthedepartmenthasafirealarmsignal-based.
Infigure3,theMC144681pinjointPD1pinofSCMwhentheionchamberoftheioncurrentasthesceneofsmokedetectionandchange,voltagechangegenerationaweakside-spreadseized15,bytheMC14468internallogicprocessingcircuitprocessing,thesmokeisdetectedby1pin-outhighmicrocontrollerforprocessing.13-pinthensliderheostatissettofacilitatedetectionsensitivitywhentheledflashesandthebuzzersoundedapiercingsoundofanaudioalarmwhenthedepartmenthasafirealarmsignal-based.
Figure3.Smokedetectioncircuit
D.Auto-dialalarmmodule
Dial-upalarmmodulechoicesaretheEX-1dial-upmoduleisaDTMFsignalreceiving,storing,andsendingasintegrationcommunicationscircuits.Modulebuilt-inmicrocontrolleranddial-upmanagementprocesscanprovideuserswithavarietyofsignalinputandoutputports,insecurityalarm,signalacquisition,automaticcontrol,remotecommunicationandinformationtransmissionareassuchasflexibleapplication.5groupscanhavecellphoneorgroupofsevenlocaltelephonenumbersarestored,power-downisnotlost;Telephonelinestatusdetection,automaticfaultsignaloutput;Telephone/externalswitchingtwokindsofdial-upstatecontrol;Triggertime,ninetimesloopdialpresetnumbers;Toworkindependently,independentdial-up,donotrelyontelephoneandotherexternaldevices.
EX-1wiringdiagramshowninfigure4,ThePD4pintoconnectthemainchipHTO,themodulebeganto
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 火灾 自动 报警 系统
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)