阅读技能.docx
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阅读技能.docx
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阅读技能
提高综合阅读技能
I.利用上下文线索猜测词义
学会如何根据上下文猜测词义是提高阅读技能的一个重要手段。
每个读者
都会常常在阅读时遇到生词,但不是每次遇到生词,都得去查字典,原因是有些生词并不影响对整个文章意思的理解,就不必去管它;还有些生词完全可以靠上下文线索猜出词义。
I.根据生词(或多义词)前后出现的其它词语的意思或整句子的意思猜测词义
Heissuccessfulasabusinessmanbecauseofhisdynamicpersonality.Heseemstohaveunlimitedenergy.
Johnworealightjacketdespitethecold.
Heisareallygoodathlete.Heplayssportswell.
1.凭借常识和经验猜测词义
Martha’shusbandandmotherdiedwithinamonthofeachother,andshecriedoftenatherterriblesorrow.
2.信号词、例释、标点符号和有些从句等都能帮助我们理解词义
BUT:
a)信号词incontrast,ontheotherhand,ratherthan,however,yet,although,while,unlike,but,whereas,asopposedto,nevertheless,instead,insteadof,despite,inspiteof,from…to,more/less…than等判断反义词的词义
Duringofficehourshelookedtenseandanxious,butonweekendshewasquiterelaxed.
MysisterMarieisanoptimist,whileherboyfriendisonewhoisalwaysgloomyandexpectstheworsttohappen.
Mymathprofessorclaimsthatalltheproblemsshegaveusaresimpleones,however,wefeelthattheyareintricateandhardtosolve.
AND:
1)信号词is,iscalled,means,thatis,i.e.,or,definedas,referto等通常对某一
词汇作出定义、解释或说明。
Thewordbiotechnologyreferstoacombinationofbiologywithtechnology.
Ingeometry,aplanefigureofsixsidesandsixanglesiscalledahexagon.
AnumberofyearsagotherewasapopularmovementcalledZPG,i.e.,zeropopulationgrowth.
Anexcitingtechnologyrecentlyproposedtocombattheimpendingglobalfoodcrisisismariculture,ormarineagriculture.
2)例释可以帮助我们理解词义。
例释词常以forexample,forinstance,e.g.,like,suchas等引导。
Condiments,e.g.,pepper,salt,andmustard,makefoodtastebetter.
Legumes,likestringbeans,limabeans,andgreenpeasareimportantinyourdiet.
3).标点符号是理解词义的一条重要线索。
因为有些词汇的定义是通过标
点符号,如逗号、冒号、破折号和括号等来完成的。
Theprincipal--moneyheputinhissavingsaccounttoearninterest--wassafeeventhoughthebankwasclosedbythepolice.
Theminingindustryisexperimentingwithorganisms(verysmallformsoflife)thatwilleatmetalsorores.
Someproblemscanbestbesolvedbyastrategycalledanalgorithm:
apreciselystatedsetofrulesthatusuallyworksforsolvingproblemsofaparticulartype.
4)根据定语从句或同位语从句判断词义。
Thetypeofmeteriscalledmultimeter,whichisusedtomeasureelectricity.
Theinventionofsnorkel,alongairtubethatreachesuptothesurface,hasmadeitpossibleforsubmarinetousetheirdieselengineevenwhentheyaresubmerged.
Exercises
Theunderlinedwordsmaybeunfamiliartoyou.Trytousecontextcluestoguessthemeaningofthewordsandselectthebestanswer.
1.InwritingfootnotesresearchersrarelyuseIbidanylonger.IbidisaLatin
abbreviationforIbidemthatmeans“inthesameplace”.
Ibidmeans_____.
a.theLatinalphabetb.Ibidem
c.inthesameplaced.research
2.Thespeakerusedcolorfulillustrations--drawingsandphotographs--to
helpusunderstandherpointsabouthowtoraisecactusplantsindoors.
Illustrationmeans_____.
a.growingindoorcactusplants
b.adrawingorphotograph
c.aspeakerbeforeanaudience
d.gardening
3.Ifyoustandinthedoorwayanddon’tletanyonepass,you’llobstructtheexit.
Obstructmeans_____.
a.blockb.doorwayc.passd.standwithoutdoinganything
4.Whenyoutradeoneobjectorservicethatyoudon’tneedorwantforanotheronethatyoudoneedorwant,youarepartofabartersystem.
5.
Bartermeans_____.
a.tradeb.systemc.unneededgoodsandservices
d.dividinglinebetweentwostatesorcountries
6.Sheexpectedtowintherace,insteadshesuffereddefeat.
Defeatmeans_____.
a.tirednessb.embarrassmentc.withacoldd.aloss
7.Data(informationcollectedinresearch)areaccurateonlyifcheckedcarefully.
Datameans_____.
a.researchersb.collectedinformation
c.accuratedetailsd.month,dayandyear
8.Automobile,bicycle,andtruckusehasincreasedsharplyoverthelastdecade.However,localgovernmenthavenotkeptupthepaceindevelopingroadsforpersonalvehicle.
Vehiclesmean_____.
a.localgovernmentb.meansoftransport
c.roadused.personalpolitics
9.Eight-year-oldDarrylalwaysstayoutoftroubleinschool.Heannoyednooneandcausednoharm.However,hisyoungerbrotherHermanwasknownforhisimpishbehavior.
Impishmeans_____.
a.well-behavedb.cutec.friendlyd.causingmischief
10.Thenewparkingruleswereimposed,thatis,forcedonusbytownleaders,butwefeltthattherules,werenotfair.
Imposedmeans_____.
a.well-behavedb.unfairc.forced
d.rulesmadebygovernmentleaders
11.Weweremakingexcellentprogressupthemountainuntilwesawagiganticrockblockingtheroadway.Thiswastheonebarrierthatwecouldnotovercome.
Barriermeans_____.
a.somethingthatstopsprogress
b.mountainroad
c.largesizeanimald.fear
12.Hiredtroublemakerscreatedchaosintheconventionhall.Everythingintheauditoriumwasintotalconfusionbythetimetheyleft.
Chaosmeans_____.
a.completedisordertroublemakersc.noise
12.Aftertenyearinonejob,Mikedecidedthathispaper-workwashumdrumandthathistelephonesalesjobwasdull.
Humdrummeans_____.
a.workableb.tiredc.boring
13.Movingclosertoschoolcanbothameliorateyourcommutingproblemandimproveyoursociallife.
Amelioratemeans_____.
a.makebetterb.movec.combine
14.Laundryownersuseindeliblemarkingpencilsontheircustomers’clothing.Theyusepermanentmarkersthatwillnotwashoffthegarments.
Indeliblemeans_____.
a.removableb.lastingc.stained
15.Somestudentswereinadvertentlylateforclasswhileafewwerepurposelylate.
Inadvertentlymeans____.
a.purposelyb.accidentallyc.always
16.Inmanynationstherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenurytogreatwealth.
Penurymeans_____.
a.wealthb.povertyc.middleincome
17.Itisbettertobereflectiveaboutproblemsthantobethoughtless.
Reflectivemeans_____.
a.thoughtfulb.uncaringc.problem
18.Today’steenagersseemtobemoreliberalintheirideasthantheirconservativegrandparents.
Conservativemeans____.
a.free-thinkingb.traditionalc.old
19.OrangesareindigenoustoSouthernCaliforniabutforeigntoNewYorkfarms.
Indigenousmeans_____.
a.nativeb.unknownc.alien
20.Ourcommodioushousehasmoreadvantagesthanourovercrowdedapartment.
Commodiousmeans____.
a.smallb.differentc.spacious
21.Ratherthancarefullyplanning,thespeakerreliedonimprovisingthespeechasheaddressedtheaudience.
Improvisingmeans_____.
a.jokingb.makingupc.planning
22.Whydidyouspendsuchaninordinateamountoftimeonthefirstquestion?
Tenminuteswouldhavebeenmorereasonable.
Inordinatemeans_____.
a.tinyb.difficultc.excessive
23.Thedetectivesweredeludedbyallthefalseevidence.Theywerecompletelydeceivedandtheyarrestedthewrongperson.
Deludedmeans_____.
a.wrongb.difficultc.misled
24.Ourplaneticketswerevoidedwhentheairlineticketagentdeclaredthattheairportwasclosed.Therefore,allreservationswerecanceled.
Voidedmeans_____.
a.reservedb.closedc.eliminated
25.Discomfortsufferedfromabrokenlegcanbesoexcruciatingthatdrugsareoftenprescribedtorelievetheagony.
Excruciatingmeans____.
a.painfulb.sufferingc.hurt
26.Westernframerslearnedtogrowcropsondryland.Theyirrigatedthesoil,usingpipesorcanalstothefields.
Irrigatedmeans_____.
a.fertilizedb.harvestedc.broughtwatertod.tookwaterfrom
27.Theplanwasthoughtless.Howardclearlyspentnotimeconsideringitsstrengths,andhedidnotdiscusshisplanwithanyone.
Thoughtlessmeans_____.
a.dullb.weakc.unintelligentd.donewithoutthinking
28.Ifyourkickstandisbroken,you’llhavetoleanyourbicycleagainstthefenceorlayitonthegroundwhenyouarenotriding.
Kickstandmeans_____.
a.deviceforholdingupabicyclewhennotinuse
b.awheelthatcanberemovedfromabicycletostopitfrombeingstolen
c.tired.leatherseat
29.In1960JaneGoodallpioneeredastudyofchimpanzees.Shewasoneofthefirstpeopletoobservetheanimalscloseupinthewild.
Pioneeredmeans_____.
a.traveledacrossthecountry
b.carriedout
c.wasoneofthefirsttodo
d.photographed
30.Afewtypesoftalltreesspreadathickcoverorcanopyofleavesovertheforest.
Canopymeans_____.
a.darknessc.undergrowthc.thickcoveringd.rain
31.In1869Americanhaditsfirsttranscontinental(cross-country)railroadline.
Transcontinentalmeans__.
a.successfulb.earlyc.acrossthelandd.changing
32.Thenativesenjoyedcolorfulbead,bitsofglass,cheapringsandnecklaces,mirrorsandothersuchtrinkets.
Trinketsmeans_____.
a.Indiansb.moneyc.valuabled.small,fancyitemsoflittleworth
33.Heraidswantedtokeepthediscussiononthenewlawgoing;themayor,ontheotherhand,insistedonclosure.“We’vetalkedenough,”shesaid.
Closuremeans_____.
a.endingb.eatingc.continuingd.goingout
34.Asullenchildisalwaysgloomyandresistscheeringup.
Sullenmeans_____.
a.sadandmoodyb.tiredandquiet
c.badandlivelyd.strangeandhelpful
35.Everytimehermotherspoke,KarenLoosaidthesamewordshermotherdid.Shecopiedeveryactionofhermother’stoo,coughingandclearingherthroateachtimejustafterhermotherdid.Finally,Mrs.Loosaidangrily,“Iwishyouwouldn’tparrotmelikethat.It’sveryannoying!
”
Parrotmeans_____.
a.squawklikeabirdb.copyc.annoyd.attach
II.利用词的结构猜测词义
对词的结构进行分析,并且熟悉基本的构词法,可以帮助我们在阅读过程中有效地猜测词义,提高阅读速度,从
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