主谓一致语法大全讲解与练习.docx
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主谓一致语法大全讲解与练习.docx
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主谓一致语法大全讲解与练习
语法讲解:
主谓一致
在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。
寻其规律,大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
一、语法一致原则
语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。
如:
Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm./TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy./Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall./Thechildrenwereintheclassroomtwohoursago./Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.
注意:
由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
如:
WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks./WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfultoyou.
2.由连接词and或both……and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。
如:
LucyandLilyaretwins./SheandIareclassmates./Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhentheyheardthenews./BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.
注意:
(1)若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
如:
Thewriterandartisthascome.
(2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,everymorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
如:
Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom./Noboyandnogirllikesit.
3.主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。
如:
Mr.Green,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina./NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground./She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.
4.either,neither,each,every或no+单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。
如:
Eachofushasanewbook./Everythingaroundusismatter.
注意:
(1)在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。
如:
Neitherofthetextsis(are)interesting.
(2)若noneof后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。
如:
Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.
5.在定语从句时,关系代词that,who,which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
如:
Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard./Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.
6.如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。
这些词有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。
如:
ClassFourisonthethirdfloor./ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.
注意:
people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。
如:
Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.
7.由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
如:
Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom./Therestofthelectureiswonderful./50%ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.
注意:
anumberof“许多”,作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;thenumberof“……的数量”,主语是number,谓语用单数。
8.在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
如:
Therecomesthebus./Onthewallaremanypictures./Suchistheresult./Sucharethefacts.
二、逻辑意义一致原则
逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数,但意义为复数;有时形式为复数,但意义为单数)。
1.what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。
如:
Whichisyourbag?
/Whichareyourbags?
/Allisgoingwell./AllhavegonetoBeijing.
2.表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体,如:
Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.
3.若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
如:
“TheArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.
4.表数量的短语“oneandahalf”后接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数形式(也可用复数。
如:
Oneandahalfapplesis(are)leftonthetable.
5.算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词采用单数形式。
如:
Twelvepluseightistwenty./Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.
6.一些学科名词是以–ics结尾,如:
mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等,都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
如:
Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990./Ithinkphysicsisn‘teasytostudy.
7.trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a(the)pairof等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
如:
Myglassesarebroken./Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.
8.“定冠词the+形容词或分词”,表示某一类人时,动词用复数。
三、就近一致原则
在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1.当两个主语由either……or,neither……nor,whether……or……,notonly……butalso连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。
如:
Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends./Neithertheynorheiswhollyright./Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?
2.therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。
如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
如:
Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom.
注意:
Here引导的句子用法同上。
主谓一致练习题
1.Theold____welllookedafterbythegovernmentinChina.
A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.was
2.Thesecretaryandmanager____verybusynow.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
3.Boththesecretaryandthemanager_____agreedtoattendthemeeting.
A.hasB.haveC.areD.was
4.Tomaswellastwoofhisclassmates_____invitedtotheparty.
A.wasB.wereC.havebeenD.hadbeen
5.EitheryouorI_____goingtotheteachers‘officeafterclass.
A.amB.isC.areD.will
6.Mostofhissparetime____spentinreading.
A.areB.wereC.wasD.havebeen
7.Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthat____appearedthisyear.
A.havebeenB.hasC.hadbeenD.have
8.Tenthousanddollars_____quitealargesum.
A.areB.isC.wereD.have
9.About20percentofthework____doneyesterday.
A.areB.isC.wereD.was
10.MrSmith,togetherwithhischildren,____arrived.
A.areB.hasC.isD.have
11.It____Iwho_____leavingforLondon.
A.is…isB.am…isC.is…amD.am…am
12.NotonlyTombutalsohiswife____fondofwatchingtelevision.
A.areB.wereC.beD.is
13.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory____yet.
A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecided
C.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided
14.Althoughthefirstpartofthebookiseasy,therest______.
A.aredifficult
B.hasproveddifficult
C.issupposeddifficult
D.havebeenfounddifficult
15.Thattheywerewronginthesematters_____nowcleartousall.
A.isB.wasC.areD.were
16.Halfofhisgoods____stolentheotherday.
A.areB.wereC.isD.was
17.Mathematics____thelanguageofscience.
A.areB.aregoingtobeC.isD.istobe
18.Eachofthestudents_____aChinese-Englishdictionary.
A.haveB.hasC.thereisD.thereare
19.Theyeach____abeautifulhandkerchief.
A.haveB.hasC.thereisD.thereare
20.Betweenthetworowsoftrees_____theteachingbuilding.
A.standB.standsC.standingD.are
21.Thispairofshoes____madeinNanjing.
A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hadbeen
22.Nooneexceptmyparents_____anythingaboutit.
A.knowB.knows
C.isknowingD.haveknown
23.Anumberofstudents_____fromthesouth.
A.areB.isC.haveD.has
24.Thenumberofstudentsfromthenorth____small.
A.areB.isC.haveD.has
25.Writingstoriesandarticles_____whatIenjoymost,
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
26.His“SelectedPoems”_____firstpublishedin1965.
A.wereB.wasC.hasbeenD.are
27.MissSmithisafriendof______.
A.Mary‘smother’sB.Mary‘smother
C.Mother’sofMaryD.Marymother‘s
28.Agooddealofmoney____spentonbooks.
A.haveB.has
C.havebeenD.hasbeen
29.Onthewall_____twolargeportraits.
A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.hanging
30._____turngreeninspring.
A.LeafB.LeafsC.LeaveD.Leaves
31.Fatherwenttohisdoctorfor____abouthishearttrouble.
A.anadviceB.adviceC.advicesD.theadvices
32.Allbutone____herejustnow.
A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were
33.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_____fifty,butanumberofthem_____absentfordifferentreasons.
A.were;wasB.was;was
C.was;wereD.were;were
34.Theairinbigcities_____verydirtybyfactories.
A.areoftenmadeB.isoftenmade
C.haveoftenmadeD.hasoftenmade
35.Nobody____tosmokeinthecinema.
A.allowsB.allowC.isallowedD.areallowed
36.TheChinesepeople_____hard-workingandbrave.
A.areB.isC.hasbeenD.arebeing
37.____canbedone_____beendone.
A.All;haveB.Allthat;have
C.All;hasD.Allthat;has
38.Johnhastwobrothers,buteither____outofworknow.
A.areB.isC.hasD.have
39.Thepolice____themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.
A.issearchingforB.weresearchingfor
C.aresearchingforD.weresearching
40.Applesofthiskind____.
A.tastesgoodB.tasteswell
C.tastegoodD.tastewell
41.Yourtrousers____dirty,youmusthave_____washed.
A.is;itB.are;itC.are;themD.is;them
42.Where____rubbish,thereareflies.
A.thereareB.thereisC.isD.therehas
43.TheOlympicGames____heldevery____years.
A.is;fourB.are;fourC.is;fiveD.are;five
44.Manyaman_____cometohelpus.
A.haveB.hasC.isD.are
45.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_____elected.
A.areB.haveC.hasD.is
46.Three-fourthsofthehomework_____today.
A.hasfinishedB.hasbeenfinished
C.havefinishedD.havebeenfinished
47.Thosewho____in____compositions,pleasehandtheminthisafternoon.
A.hasn‘thanded;hisB.haven’thanded;their
C.hashanded;theirD.havehanded;his
48.Janeisoneofthebeststudentsinherclasswho_____bytheirteacher.
A.arepraisedB.ispraisedC.praisedD.praising
49.Thewholeclass_____theteacherattentively.
A.arelisteningtoB.islisteningto
C.arelisteningD.islistening
50.TheUnitedStatesofAmerica_____oneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
KEY:
1-5BABAA6-10CDBDB11-15CDABA
16-20BCBAB21-25ABABA26-30BADBD
31-35BDCBC36-40ADBBC41-45CBBBD
46-50BBAAA
名词性从句练习题
1._____weneedmorepracticeisquiteclear.
A.WhenB.WhatC.ThatD./
2._____Iacceptthegiftorrefuseitisnoneofyourbusiness.
A.IfB.WhetherC.EvenifD.Nomatterwhen
3._____heisdoingseemsquitedifficult.
A.HowB.ThatC.WhichD.What
4._____thatthereisanothergoodharvestthisyear.
A.ItsaysB.ItissaidC.ItwassaidD.Hewassaid
5._____thatshehasreceivedadoctor‘sdegree.
A.It’sasplendidnews
B.Thisisasplendidnews
C.It‘ssplendidnews
D.This
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