中考英语试题分类解析8阅读理解人物或故事类科普.docx

中考英语试题分类解析8阅读理解人物或故事类科普.docx

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中考英语试题分类解析8阅读理解人物或故事类科普

专题08阅读理解（人物或故事类、科普或环境保护类或健康类、社会现象或历史文化教育类）

1.【2018年江苏省宿迁市】In2017,whenthehighspeedtrain.Furing,leftBeijingforshanghaiataspeedof350km/h,itamazedtheworld.ItisChina'snewesthigh-speedtrainandalsothefastesttrainintheworld.

Therewere2,959high-speedtrainsrunningacrossChinaby2016.Theymakeup60percentof

theworldstotalhigh-speedtrains.Chinesecompanieshavealsobuiltmorethan10high-speed

railwaysinEurope,SoutheastAsiaandSouthAmerica.AndthehighspeedtrainshasbecomeanewnamecardforChina.

Besidesthehigh-speedtrains,manyotherinnovations（创新）havealsochangedpeople'slivesinChina.

Forexample,thoughbikesharingisnotnewitselfChinahasmadeitmuchmoreconvenient.

Andpopular.WhentheChinesebikesharingcompaniesreachedSingaporeandBritainmonthsago,usersthereexcitedandcouldn’twaittopostphotosofthemselvesridingthebikesonsocialmedia（媒体）.

CashlesspaymenthasbecomealifestylechoiceinChinaitiscommonthatpeopleinChinagoshoppingwithnocash（现金）inpockets.Manypeoplejustpaywiththeirbilephonesbyscanningaquickrespondcode（QR,二维码）fromtheseller.EvenapersonsellingvegetableshasaQRcode.

ManyforeignershaveexperiencedliveswithoutcarryinganycashinChina.Theysaytheycan'tdoitwhentheyarebackhomeinEurope.

Chinaisnowinagreattime.IthasmadegreatachievementsininnovationTheyaretruepicturesofnationalstrength.ItseemsthatChinaisreallyleadinginsomeways.AndChinesepeoplehaveeveryreasontobelieveinanevenbrighterfuture.

34.HowmanyexamplesarementionedtoshowChina’sachievementininnovationaccordingtothepassage?

A.OneB.TwoC.ThreeD.Four

35.Theunderlinedword“it”means____.

A.livinginChinaB.buyingthingswithoutcarryinganycash

C.havingQRcodesD.makingenoughmoneybyworkinghard

36.Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe_____.

A.ChinaleadsininnovationB.Sciencedevelopsveryquickly

C.ChinafacesmanychancesD.Sciencecatchestheworld’sattention

【答案】34.C35.B36.A

【解析】试题分析：

短文通过高速列车、共享单车和无现金支付三个例子，说明了中国的创新成就。

34.题意：

文章列举了多少个例子来说明中国的创新成就？

考查文意理解题。

根据短文内容，可知列举了高速列车、共享单车和无现金支付三个例子，故选C。

2.【2018年江苏省宿迁市】MyfatherwasGerman,butheWorkedinEngland.Hemarriedmymother,whowasEnglish.HerfamilynamewasRobinson,sowhenIwasbornin632,inEngland,theycalledmeRobinson,afterher.

MyfatherdidwellinhisbusinessandIwenttoagoodschool.Hewantedmetogetagoodjob,andliveaquiet,pleasantlife.ButIwantedadventureandanexcitinglife.

“Iwanttobeasailorandgotosea",Itoldmymotherandfather.Theywereveryunhappyaboutthis.

“Pleasedon’tgo."myfathersaid,"Youwon'tbehappyyouknow.Sailorshaveadifficultanddangerouslife."andbecauseIlovehim,andhewasunhappy,Itriedtoforgetaboutthesea.

ButIcouldn'tforget,andaboutayearlater,Isawafriendintown.HisfatherhadaShipandmyfriendsaidtome,”wearesailingtoLondontomorrow.Whydon’tyoucomewithus.”

OnSeptember1",1651,IwenttoHullandthenextdaywesailedforLondon.

But,afewdayslater,therewasastrongwind.Theseawasroughanddangerous,andtheshipwentupanddownupanddown.Iwasveryill,andwasveryafraid.

“Oh,Idon'twanttodie!

”Icried,“Iwanttolive!

IfIlive,Iwillgohomeandnevergotoseaagain!

”

Thenextdaythewindstopped,andtheseawasquietandbeautifulagain.

Well,Robinson,myfriendlaughed,"Howdoyoufeelnow?

Thewindwasn'ttobad.”

“What!

"Icried."Itwasaterriblestorm.”

“Oh,thatwasn'tastorm,"myfriendanswered,"justalittlewind.Forgetit,comeandhaveadrink.”

Afterafewdrinkswithmyfriend,Ifeltbetter.Iforgotaboutthedanger,anddecidednottogohome.Ididn’twantmyfriendandfamilytolaughatme!

IstayedinLondonforsometime,butIstill,wantedtogotothesea.So,whenthecaptain（船长）ofashipaskmetogowithhimtoGuineainAfrica,Iagreed,AndsoIwenttotheseaforthesecondtime.

Itwasagoodship,andeverythingwentwellatfirst,butIwasveryillagain.ThenwhenwewereneartheCanaryIslands,aTurkishpirate（海盗）shipcameafterus.Theywerefamousthievesoftheseaatthattime.Therewasalong,hardfight,butwhenitfinished,weandtheshipwereprisoners.TheTurkishcaptainandhismentookustoSalleeinMorocco.Theywantedtosellusasslaves（奴隶）inthemarket.Butintheend,theTurkishcaptaindecidedtokeepmeforhimself,andtookmehomewithhim.Thiswasasuddenandterriblechangeinmylife.ThisTurkishcaptainwasnowmymaster.

41.WhydidRobinsonforgetabouttheseaatthebeginning?

A.Becausehehadnomoneytoownaship

B.Becausehehastedtoliveadangerouslife

C.Becausehewantedtomakehisparentshappy

D.Becausehelookedforwardtogettingagoodjob

42.Whichistherighttimeorderofwhathappenedinthestory?

a.OneofRobinson’sfriendsinvitedhimtosailtoLondon

b.TheTurkishcaptaintookRobinsonhome

c.AcaptainaskedRobinsontogowithhimtoGuinea

d.Robinsondrankwithhisfriend

e.Alongandhardfighthappened

A.a-d-c-e-bB.d-a-c-e-bC.a-c-b-e-dD.d-c-a-b-e

43.WhatdidRobinsonthinkofhisseajourney?

A.EverythingwasfineB.Theseawasquietallthetime

C.ThewindwasweakD.Sealifewasdangerousattimes

44.WhotookRobinsontoSalleeinMorocco?

A.theTurkishCaptainB.hisfriend

C.thecaptainofashipD.hisfather

45.Whatcanweinfer（推断）fromthepassage?

A.RobinsonwantedtoservetheTurkish

B.RobinsonlivedhappilywiththeTurkishcaptain

C.RobinsonbecameaslavetotheTurkishcaptain

D.RobinsonmadefriendswiththeTurkishcaptain

【答案】41.C42.A43.D44.A45.C

【解析】试题分析：

短文讲述了鲁滨逊的两次航海经历，充满了危险，第二次遭遇了海盗被俘，他成为土耳其船长的奴隶。

41.题意：

为什么鲁滨孙起初忘记了大海？

考查细节理解题。

根据andbecauseIlovehim,andhewasunhappy,Itriedtoforgetaboutthesea.，可知鲁滨逊爱自己的父母，想让他们高兴，故选C。

42.题意：

故事发生的时间顺序是什么？

考查细节理解题。

a.OneofRobinson’sfriendsinvitedhimtosailtoLondon鲁滨孙的一个朋友邀请他去伦敦航行。

b.TheTurkishcaptaintookRobinsonhome土耳其船长带鲁滨孙回家。

c.AcaptainaskedRobinsontogowithhimtoGuinea船长请鲁滨孙和他一起去几内亚。

d.Robinsondrankwithhisfriend鲁滨孙和他的朋友一起喝酒。

e.Alongandhardfighthappened一场漫长而艰苦的战斗发生了。

根据短文的叙述，鲁滨孙先是在镇上遇到一个朋友，朋友邀请他去伦敦航行……途中了遭遇海盗……最后土耳其船长带鲁滨孙回家。

可知a-d-c-e-b正确，故选A。

43.题意：

鲁滨孙认为他的海上旅行怎么样？

考查细节理解题。

根据Itwasaterriblestorm.，可知海上旅行很危险，故选D。

44.题意：

谁把鲁滨孙带到了摩洛哥的Sallee？

考查细节理解题。

根据TheTurkishcaptainandhismentookustoSalleeinMorocco.，可知是土耳其船长，故选A。

45.题意：

从这篇文章中我们能推断出什么？

考查综合理解题。

A.RobinsonwantedtoservetheTurkish鲁滨孙想为土耳其人效劳。

B.RobinsonlivedhappilywiththeTurkishcaptain

鲁滨孙和土耳其船长幸福地生活在一起。

C.RobinsonbecameaslavetotheTurkishcaptain

鲁滨孙成了土耳其船长的奴隶。

D.RobinsonmadefriendswiththeTurkishcaptain鲁滨孙和土耳其船长交了朋友。

根据最后一句ThisTurkishcaptainwasnowmymaster.，可知鲁滨孙成了土耳其船长的奴隶，故选C。

3.【2018年江西中考】Ayoungwomanturnsaroundandaroundquickly,andjumpshigh.Inthebackground,ayounggirlreadsarejection（拒绝）letterfromaballetschool.Youhavethewrongbodyforballet,'itsays,'andatthirteen,youaretooold.Thiswasoneofthemostpopularadvertisements（广告）of2014anditdescribesAmericanballetTheatre'sprincipal（主要的）dancerMistyCopeland.

Thiswasnotarealletter.ButCopelandsaysitisverysimilartolettersfromherchildhood.Whilemanydancersstartattheageofthree.Copelandonlybegantostudyballetin1995asathirteen-year-old.Peopleoftentoldherthatshewastooold,orthatshedidn'thavetheperfectbodytype（Sheisonly157cmtall）.Herfamilymovedalot,anditwassometimesdifficultforhertoattendballetclasses.ButCopelandloveddancinganddidnotwanttogiveup.Shestayedwithherballetteacherduringtheweekandspenttimewithherfamilyonlyattheweekend.Thiswasadifficultlife,butsheworkedhardandwonherfirstnationalcompetitionwhenshewasfourteenyearsold.CopelandjoinedtheAmericanBalletTheatrein2000andperformedinmanyballetsoverthenextfewyears.In2007,shebecameasolo（单独的）performer,andin2015shebecameitsprincipaldancer.

Copelandisnowadancer,authorandBroadwayperformer.Shealsostarsinthe2015filmABallerina'sTale.Sowhat'snext?

AccordingtoCopeland,anythingispossible:

"Mycareer（职业）reallyisjustnowbeginning.'

37.HowoldwasCopelandwhenshebecametheprincipaldancer?

A.13

B.14

C.25

D.33

38.WhywasitdifficultforCopelandtoattendballetclasses?

A.Becauseherfamilymovedalot.

B.Becauseshewasnotagooddancer.

C.Becauseshehadnoinvitationletter.

D.Becauseshehadthewrongbodytype.

39.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Copelandbecamesuccessfulbecauseoftheadvertisement.

B.Copelandhadtospendalotoftimeawayfromherparents.

C.Copelandwonherfirstnationalcompetitionasasoloperformer.

D.CopelandhasendeduphercareerasanactressonBroadway.

40.What'sthewriter’sopinionofCopeland?

A.Copelandsetsanexamplewhonevergivesup.

B.Copelandwastoooldtostartballetatthirteen.

C.Copelandhasmadeherachievementsbyaccident.

D.Copelandwasluckytogetsupportfromtheballetschool.

【答案】37.D38.A39.B40.A

【解析】试题分析：

这是一篇记叙文，讲述了曾经因为年龄太大被舞蹈学校拒绝的科普兰凭借自己的努力成为了一名舞蹈家、作家和百老汇演员。

诠释了一切皆有可能的道理。

37.题意：

当她成为首席舞蹈家时，科普兰有多大年纪？

考查细节理解和数字理解题。

根据第二段第三行Copelandonlybegantostudyballetin1995asathirteen-year-old.1995年她13岁，结合段尾andin2015shebecameitsprincipaldancer.2015年成为首席舞蹈家，可知2015—1995+13=33，故选D。

40.题意：

作者对Copeland的看法是什么？

考查细节理解题。

A.Copelandsetsanexamplewhonevergivesup.科普兰树立了一个永不放弃的榜样。

B.Copelandwastoooldtostartballetatthirteen.科普兰年纪太大，不能在十三岁开始芭蕾舞。

C.Copelandhasmadeherachievementsbyaccident.科普兰意外地取得了成就。

D.Copelandwasluckyto