高中英语语法归纳总结.docx

高中英语语法归纳总结.docx

《高中英语语法归纳总结.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中英语语法归纳总结.docx（112页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

高中英语语法归纳总结

高中英语语法之小茂解析

第一章主谓一致

主谓一致（Subject-VerbAgreement），指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如:

Heisgoingabroad.Theyareplayingfootball.　可分为:

语法一致,内容一致,就近一致.

（一）语法一致原则:

即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数.以下为注意事项:

1.单数主语即使后面带有with,alongwith,togetherwith,like（象）,but（除了）,except,besides,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan（而不是）,including,inadditionto引导的短语,谓语动词仍用单数.

如:

Airaswellaswaterismatter.空气和水都是物质.

Nooneexcepttwoservantswaslateforthedinner.除了两个仆人外,没有一个人迟来用餐。

2.用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念,谓语动词用单数,否则用复数.如:

Thepoetandwriterhascome.那位诗人兼作家来了.（一个人）

Ahammerandasawareusefultools.锤子和锯都是有用的工具.（两样物）

用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体,如:

breadandbutter（黄油抹面包）,knifeandfork（刀叉）等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

3.不定式（短语）,动名词（短语）,或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数.如:

Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.

为人民服务是我最大的幸福.

Whenwe’llgooutforanoutinghasbeendecided.

我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。

4.用连接的并列主语被each,every或no修饰时,谓语动词用单数.

Everyboyandeverygirllikestogoswimming.每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.

Noteacherandnostudentwasabsentfromthemeeting.没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.

Eachmanand（each）womanisaskedtohelp.每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。

5.eachof+复数代词,谓语动词用单数.复数代词+each,谓语动词用单数.如:

Eachofushassomethingtosay.我们每个人都有话要说。

6.若主语中有morethanone或manya/an,尽管从意义上看是复数,但它的谓语动词仍用单数。

但more+复数名词+thanone做主语时,谓语动词仍用复数.如:

Manyaboylikesplayingbasketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球.

Morethanonestudentwaslate.不只一个学生迟到

Morepersonsthanonecometohelpus.不止一个人来帮助我们。

7.none做主语时,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数;但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数.如:

Noneofusare（is）perfect.人无完人。

Noneofthisworriesme.这事一点不使我着急。

8.名词如:

trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses等作主语时,谓语动词必须用复数.如:

Hisclothesaregood.但这些名词前若出现apairof,谓语一般用单数.如:

Apairofglassesisonthedesk.桌上有一副眼镜。

9.形复意单名词如:

news;以ics结尾的学科名称如:

physics,mathematics,economics;国名如:

theUnitedStates;报纸名如:

theNewTimes;书名如:

ArabianNight<天方夜谈>;以及TheUnitedNations<联合国>等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

10.“a+名词+andahalf“,“oneandahalf+名词”,“thenumberof+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词要用单数.如:

Onlyoneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.

注意:

oneortwo+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,如:

Oneortwoplaceshavebeenvisited.参观了一两个地点。

（二）内容一致原则:

1.主语中有all,half,most,therest等,以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:

Therestofthebikesareonsaletoday.剩下的自行车，今天出售。

60%oftheapplewaseatenbylittleboy.这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。

Mostoftheappleswererotten.大部分的苹果都是烂的。

Mostoftheapplewaseatenbyarat.这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。

2.不定数量的词组,如:

partof,alotof,lotsof,oneof,anumberof,plentyof等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:

Apartofthetextbookshavearrived.一小部分教科书已运到。

Apartoftheapplehasbeeneatenupbythepig.这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。

3.加减乘除用单数.如:

Fifteenminusfiveisten.15减去5等于10。

4.表示时间,金钱,距离,度量等的名词做主语时,尽管是复数形式,它们做为一个单一的概念时,其谓语动词用单数.如:

Tenmilesisagooddistance.十英里是一个相当的距离。

5.

（1）通常作复数的集体名词.包括police,people,cattle等,这些集体名词通常用作复数.如:

TheBritishpolicehaveonlyverylimitedpowers.

（2）通常作不可数名词的集体名词.包括equipment,furniture,clothing,luggage等.

（3）可作单数也可作复数的集体名词.包括audience,committee,government,family,enemy,group,party,team,public等.如:

Thecommitteehas/havedecidedtodismisshim.委员会决定解雇他。

6.the+形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物,作主语时,谓语动词用复数.如:

Theinjuredweresavedafterthefire.

（三）就近原则

1.由here,there,where等引导的倒装句中,（有时主语不止一个时）谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:

Herecomesthebus公共汽车来了.

Hereisapenandsomepiecesofpaperforyou.给你一支钢笔和几张纸。

Whereisyourwifeandchildrentostaywhileyouareaway?

你不在这儿的时候,你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢？

2.用连词or,either....or,neither….nor,notonly….butalso等连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。

如：

Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit学生和老师都不知道这事.

Heoryouhavetakenmypen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。

注意:

oneof+复数名词+who/that/which引导的定语从句中,定语从句的动词为复数。

如：

Maryisoneofthosepeoplewhokeeppets.玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。

Theonlyoneof+复数名词+who/that./which引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。

Maryistheonlyoneofthosepeoplewhokeepspets.玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。

主谓一致练习

1.About60percentofthestudents_____fromthesouth,therestofthem_____fromthenorthandforeigncountries.

A.are/isB.are/are　C.is/areD.are

2.Halfoftheworkershere_____under30_____.

A.is/yearsB.are/yearoldC.is/yearsoldD.are/yearsofage

3.NowTomwithhisclassmates_____footballontheplayground.

A.playB.areplaying　C.playsD.isplaying

4.Thenumberofpagesinthisdictionary_____abouttwothousand.

A.areB.has　C.haveD.is

5.Thirtydollars_____tooexpensive.

A.areB.isC.wereD.be

6.Theaudience_____solargethatnoseatwasleftunoccupiedinthegreathall.

A.isB.areC.wasD.has

7.Thesecretaryandprincipal_____atthemeetingnow.

A.arespeakingB.isspeakingC.weremakingaspeechD.haveaspeech

8."Ifanybody_____,pleaseputdown_____name,"saidtheteachertothemonitor.

A.wantstobuythebook/hisB.wanttobuythebook/their

C.willbuythebook/one'sD.wantstohavethebookbought/her

9.Nothingbutonedeskandsixchairs_____intheroom.

A.areB.isstayedC.isD.areleft

10.Havingarrivedatthestation,_____.

A.itwasfoundthatthetrainhadleft&nb,sp;B.th,etrai,nhadleft

C.thetrainwasfoundleftD.hefoundthatthetrainhadleft

11.Betweenthetworoads_____aTVtowercalled"SkyscraperTower".

A.standsB.standingC.whichstandsD.stand

12.Eitherofyou_____goingtheretonight.

A.willB.wasC.isD.are

13.Youaswell_____right.

A.IareB.IamC.asIamD.asIare

14.AllbutDick_____inClassThreethisterm.

A.areB.isC.wereD.was

15.--ShallIwaithereforthreehours?

　--Yes.Threehours___,__t,,,,,owaitforsuchadoctor.

A.arenotverylongforyouB.isnotlongenoughfo,,,,,ryou

C.wasnotlongenoughforyouD.willbetoolongforyou

16.Wheretogetthematerialsandhowtogetthem_____atthemeeting.

A.havenotdiscussedB.havenotbeendiscussed

C.hasnotdiscussedD.hasnotbeendiscussed

17.ItookmathematicsandphysicsbecauseIthinkthat_____veryimportantformetomakefurtherresearchinthisfield.

A.whatisB.theyareC.thisD.whichare

18.Everystudentandeveryteacher_____.

A.aregoingtoattendthemeetingB.haveattendedthemeeting

C.hasattendedthemeetingD.isattendedthemeeting

19.Threefourthsofthebread_____byBob,andtherestofthebread_____leftonthetable.

A.waseaten/wereB.wereeaten/was　C.wereeaten/wereD.waseaten/was

20.Thispairofshoes_____.

A.isherB.ishers　C.arehersD.areher

21.There______nolifeonthemoon.

A.issaidtohaveB.aresaidtohaveC.issaidtobeD.aresaidtobe

22.Agroupof______areeating______and______atthefootofthehill

A.sheep;grass;leavesB.sheepsgrassesleaves

C.sheep;grassleafD.sheepsgrassleafs

23.Myfamilyraisealotof_______,includingtwo______.

A.cattlescowsB.cowscattleC.cattlecowsD.cow,cattles

24.Whathesaysandwhathedoes_______.

A.doesnotagreeB.donotagreeC.doesnotagreewithD.notagree

25.Theboyandthegirleach______toys.

A.havetheirownB.hastheirownC.haveherownD.hasherown

26.Sheistheonlyoneamongthe______writerswho______storiesforchildren.

A.woman,writesB.womenwriteC.womenwritesD.womanwrite

27.Therailwaystationis______fromourschool.

A.twohour`sdriveB.twohours`driveC.twohourdriveD.twohoursdrive

28.MikeandJohn`s______.

A.fatherisateacherB.fathersareteachers

C.fatherareteachersD.fathersareteacher

29.Agreatdealoftalkingandlisteningthat______undercasualcircumstancemayseemtobeaimless.

A.isoccurredB.areoccurredC.occursD.occur

30._______theclassroomneedstobecleaned.

A.EithertheofficesorB.TheofficesandC.BoththeofficeandD.Theofficeand

31.Three-fourthsofthehomework______today.

A.hasfinishedB.hasbeenfinishedC.havefinishedD.havebeenfinished

32.Morethan60percentoftheworld’sradioprogrammes______inEngland.

A.isB.wasC.areD.be

33.______workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople`slivingstandard

A.AgreatdealofB.AgreatmanyC.AlargenumberofD.Many

34.Therestofthemagazines______withinhalfanhour.

A.issoldoutB.aresoldoutC.wassoldoutD.weresoldout

35.There______alotofsugarinthejar.

A.hasB.haveC.isD.are

36.“All______presentandall______goingonwell”,ourmonitorsaid.

A.isisB.are,areC.areisD.isare

37.YesterdaytheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor______askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.

A.isB.wasC.areD.were.

38.Maryaswellashersisters______ChineseinChina.

A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.study

39.Therich______notalwayshappy.

A.areB.isC.willD.may

40.______canbedone______done.

A.All,havebeenB.Allthat,havebeenC.AllhasD.Allthat,hasbeen

41.Eitheroftheplans______equallydangerous.

A.areB.isC.hasD.have

42.Thepolice______themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.

A.issearchingB.weresearchingfor

C.aresearchingD.wassearchingfor

43.Yourtrousers______dirty,youmusthave______washed.

A.isitB.areitC.arethemD.isthem

44.TheOlympicgames______heldeveryfour______.

A.isyearsB.areyearsC.isyearD.areyear

45.Heistheolyoneofthestudentswho______elected.

A.areB.haveC.hasD.is

46.______agoodenoughpriceforthisbook

A.TwoyuansareB.TwoyuanareC.TwoyuansisD.Twoyuanis

47.Nobirdandnobeast______inthelonelyisland

A.areseenB.isseenC.seeD.sees

48.Everymeans______preventthewaterfrom______

A.areusedtopollutingB.getusedtopolluting

C.isusedto,pollutedD.isusedto,beingpolluted

49.Eachofthe______intheship.

A.passengerhashisownroomB.passengershavetheirownroom

C.passen