英语语言学概论复习.docx
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英语语言学概论复习.docx
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英语语言学概论复习
《英语语言学概论》课程复习题集(1-6章)
2013-6-1
ChapterIIntroduction2012
I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEorFALSE:
T1.Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage.
F2.CompetenceandperformanceisdistinguishedbySaussure.
F3.Asynchroniclinguisticsisthestudyofalanguagethroughthecourseofitshistory.
T4.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.
F5.Linguisticsstudiesparticularlanguage,notlanguagesingeneral.
F6.Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonwhatthelinguistthinks.
T7.Inthestudyoflinguistics,hypothesesformedshouldbebasedonlanguagefactsandcheckedagainsttheobservedfacts.
T8.Generallinguisticsisgenerallythestudyoflanguageasawhole.
T9.Generallinguistics,whichrelatesitselftotheresearchofotherareas,studiesthebasicconcepts,theories,descriptions,modelsandmethodsapplicableinanylinguisticstudy.
T10.Phoneticsisdifferentfromphonologyinthatthelatterstudiesthecombinationsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.
F11.Morphologystudieshowwordscanbeformedtoproducemeaningfulsentences.
T12.Thestudyofthewaysinwhichmorphemescanbecombinedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.
F13.Syntaxisdifferentfrommorphologyinthattheformernotonlystudiesthemorphemes,butalsothecombinationofmorphemesintowordsandwordsintosentences.
T14.Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageisknownassemantics.
T15.Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudymeanings.
T16.Pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmaticsstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butincontext.
T17.Socialchangescanoftenbringaboutlanguagechanges.
T18.Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.
T19.Thearbitrarynatureoflanguagemakesitpossibleforlanguagetohaveanunlimitedsourceofexpressions.
F20.Synchroniclinguisticisthestudyofalanguagethroughthecourseofitshistory.
F21.Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.
T22.Modernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.
F23.Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointintime.
T24.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary,notthewrittenlanguage.
F25.ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasproposedbyF.deSaussure.
F26.Featuresthatcontrastwordsinmeaningarecalleddesignfeaturesaresaidtobeincomplementarydistribution.
F27.Linguisticsymbolsarearbitrary.
F28.ByarbitrarinessSaussuremeansthattheformsoflinguisticsignsbearsomenaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.
II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:
descriptive?
1.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobed_______.
knowledge2.?
Chomskydefines“competence”astheidealuser’sk__________oftherulesofhislanguage.
abstract3.Languereferstothea__________linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandapplicationoftherules.
Duality43.D_________isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothephenomenonthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:
alowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.
arbitrary5.Languageisasystemofa_________vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.
Sociolinguistics6.Sisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.
syntax7.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalleds________.
genetic8.Humancapacityforlanguagehasag____basis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.
Parole9.P____referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.
applied10.Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettlementofsomepracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasa________linguistics.
productive11.Languageisp___________inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhaveneverheardbe12
scientifc12.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthes____studyoflanguage.
social13.Tohelpdefineandmaintaininterpersonalrelationsisthesfunctionoflanguage.
III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.
A1.Thedescriptionofalanguageinafixedinstantisa_______study.
A.synchronicB.diachronicC.prescriptiveD.systematic
D2.Theapplicationoflinguisticsprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearningiscalled_____.
A.sociolinguisticsB.Psycholinguistics
C.computationallinguisticsD.AppliedLinguistics
C3.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe______________.
A.prescriptiveB.analytic
C.descriptiveD.linguistic
D4.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?
A.ArbitrarinessB.Displacement
C.DualityD.Meaningfulness
A5.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas____________.
A.primaryB.correct
C.secondaryD.stable
D6.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because___________.
A.?
inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting
B.?
speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.
C.?
speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismothertongue
D.?
Alloftheabove
C7.Manymodernlinguistshavecriticizedtraditionalgrammariansforadoptinga_____approachtolanguagestudy.
A.synchronicB.diachronic
C.prescriptiveD.descriptive
B8.Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa____studyoflanguage.
A.synchronicB.diachronic
C.prescriptiveD.comparative
C9.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.
A.paroleB.performance
C.langueD.Language
B10.Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween_________andmeanings.
A.senseB.sounds
C.objectsD.ideas
A11.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled_________,
A.displacementB.duality
C.flexibility?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
D.culturaltransmission
B12.Thedistinctionbetweenlangueandparolewasmadeby_______earlylastcentury.
A.AmericanlinguistN.ChomskyB.SwisslinguistF.deSaussure
C.AmericanlinguistEdwardSapirD.BritishlinguistJ.R.Firth
A13.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis.
A.arbitraryB.rationalC.logicalD.cultural
IV.Answerthefollowingquestion:
1.Inwhatbasicwaysdoesmodernlinguisticsdifferfromtraditionalgrammar?
2.WhatarethemainfeaturesofhumanlanguagethathavebeenspecifiedbyC.Hocketttoshowthatitisessentiallydifferentfromanimalcommunicationsystem?
Chapter2:
Phonology
I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:
T1.?
?
?
?
?
VoicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginbothChineseandEnglish.?
F2.?
?
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?
?
?
Iftwophoneticallysimilarsoundsoccurinthesameenvironmentsandtheydistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobeincomplementarydistribution.?
F3.?
?
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?
?
?
?
Aphoneisaphoneticunitthatdistinguishesmeaning.?
F4.?
?
?
?
?
?
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EnglishisatonelanguagewhileChineseisnot.?
T5.?
?
?
?
?
?
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Inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting.?
T6.?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Ineverydaycommunication,speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.?
F7.?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Articulatoryphoneticstriestodescribethephysicalpropertiesofthestreamofsoundswhichaspeakerissueswiththehelpofamachinecalledspectrograph.?
F8.?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingarecontainedinthreeimportantareas:
thethroat,themouthandthechest.
T9.Thesound〔z〕isavoicedalveolarstop.
T9.VoicingisadistinctivefeatureforEnglishconsonants.
F10.Whentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentthatoccursinthesameplaceinthestring,thenthetwowordsarecalledminimalpairs.Sipandzipareaminimalpair,asarefineandvine,andvealandleaf.
T11.?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Vibrationofthevocalcordsresultsinaqualityofspeechsoundscalledvoicing.?
F12.?
?
Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofplaceofarticulationandthepartofthetonguethatisraisedthehighest.?
F13.?
?
Accordingtothemannerofarticulation,someofthetypesintowhichtheconsonantscanbeclassifiedarestops,fricatives,bilabialandalveolar.?
T12.?
?
Vowelsoundscanbedifferentiatedbyanumberoffactors:
thepositionoftongueinthemouth,theopennessofthemouth,theshapeofthelips,andthelengthofthevowels.?
F13.?
?
Accordingtotheshapeofthelips,vowelscanbeclassifiedintoclosevowels,semi-closevowels,semi-openvowelsandopenvowels.?
T14.TheEnglishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofplaceandmannerofarticulation.
F15.Thequalitiesofvowelsdependonthepositionsoflips.
F16.?
?
Anysoundproducedbyahumanbeingisaphoneme.?
F17.?
?
Phonesarethesoundsthatcandistinguishmeaning.?
F18.?
?
Phonologyisconcernedwithhowthesoundscanbeclassifiedintodifferentcategories.?
T19.?
?
Abasicwaytodeterminethephonemesofalanguageistoseeifsubstitutingonesoundforanotherresultsinachangeofmeaning.?
F20.?
?
Whentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentwhichoccursinthesameplaceinthestrings,thetwowordsaresaidtoformaphonemiccontrast.?
T21.?
?
Therulesgoverningthephonologicalpatterningarelanguagespecific.?
T22.?
?
Distinctivefeaturesofsoundsegmentscanbefoundrunningoverasequenceoftwoormorephonemicsegments.
T23.Articulatoryphoneticsisthestudyoftheproductionofspeechsounds.
T24.Thespeechsoundsinalmosteverylanguagecanbedividedintotwomajornaturalclasses:
consonantsandvowels.
T25.Thedistinctionbetweenvowelsandconsonantsliesintheobstructionofairstream.
F26.Suprasegmentalfeaturesaredistinctivefeaturesofsegmentalphonemes.
II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:
aspiration27.A_____referstoastrongpuffofairstreamintheproductionofspeechsounds.?
articulatory28.?
A___________phoneticsdescribesthewayourspeechorgansworktoproducethespeechsoundsandhowtheydiffer.?
Bilabial29.Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e,theyareallb_______sounds.?
Tongue30.Ofallthespeechorgans,thet____isthemostflexible,andisresponsibleforvarietiesofarticulationthananyother.?
place31.Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofmannerofarticulationorintermsofp_______ofarticulation.?
stop32.Whentheobstructioncreatedbythespeechorgansistotalorcomplete,thespeechsoundproducedwiththeobstructionaudiblyreleasedandtheairpassingoutagainiscalledas________.
suprasegmental33.S_________featuresarethephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegments.Theyincludestress,tone,intonation,etc.?
sequential34.Therule
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