非谓语动词讲解超全超实用.docx

非谓语动词讲解超全超实用.docx

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非谓语动词讲解超全超实用

非谓语动词讲解

非谓语动词:

a.动词不定式b.v-ingc.过去分词

概述：

1.谓语动词：

在句子中担任谓语的动词

2.非谓语动词：

是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分

非谓语动词使用条件

一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。

Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.

Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.

动词不定式

一．动词不定式的时态和被动形式

动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号（to）加动词原形构成。

不定式的形式有五种：

1.一般式todoIliketoreadEnglish.

2.进行式tobedoingHeseemedtobereadingsomethingatthattime.

3.完成式tohavedoneHeseemedtohavecleanedtheroom.

4.被动式tobedoneTheworkistobedonesoon.

5.完成被动式tohavebeendone

Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttohospitalyesterday.

疑问词+动词不定式

What,who,which,where,when,how,why等疑问词构成不定式短语，这种短语在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语等成分。

二.动词不定式的用法

I.作主语

（1）不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。

Toseeistobelieve．

Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.

（2）注：

常用it做形式主语，将todo位于之后，使句子保持平衡。

句型1：

It+谓语+（+sb.）+时间/金钱+todo

Ittakesusanhour_to__gettherebybus.

Itcostsyouonly$100amonthtocookathome.

Itseemedimpossibletosavemoney.

句型2：

It’s+n.（+forsb）+todo

It’sourduty_to_helpthepoor.

Itisagreatenjoyment_to_spendourholidayinthecountryside..

Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.

句型3：

Itis+adj（+forsb）todosth（是形容事物的性质的）

Itis+adj（+ofsb）todosth（是形容人的品质的）

Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.

Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.

It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.

疑问词+不定式作主语

Whentostartremainsundecided.

1.Itiseasytogettherebybusortaxi.

2.Ittakesabout3hourstoseeallthebirds.

3.Itisalsoimpolitetospeakwithyourmouthfullwhenyouareeating.

4.It’sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.

5.Howlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?

6.Itisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays.

7.Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.

8.Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.

9.It’snecessaryforyoutolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit.

10.Itisusefulforourhealthtodomorningexercises.

II.作宾语

接不定式做宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.

Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere

（1）常见动词有：

like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,fail,manage,learn,seem,forget,want,prepare,pretend,plan,wish等

Theywanttoget_（get）onthebus,didn’tthey?

Hesaidhewished__tobe（be）aprofessor.

（2）it作形式宾语

Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting．

Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．

Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/n+todosth.

1.We thought _it__ better __to_ start early.

2.Do you consider _it__ better not _to_ go?

3. I feel _it_ my duty _to_ change all that.

4.Wethinkit__important_to_obeythelaw.

5.Iknow_it_impossible_to_finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.

（3）疑问词+不定式作宾语

常常放在这些动词的后面作宾语：

tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain…

Hetaughtushowtousethetool.

Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.

Thedictionarydidn’ttelltheFrenchmanhowtopronouncetheword.

（4）作介词but,except,besides的宾语。

Can’tchoosebutdo

Can’thelpbutdo/havenochoicetodo

Donothingbutdo

Practice:

1.WouldyouliketogotoThailand?

（wouldliketodosth.）

2.Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.

3.Ithinkitourdutytoobeythelaws.

4.Doyouknowhowtoplayfootball?

5.Ifounditdifficulttoseehimhere.

6.Herearesomeideasabouthowtofindcheap,funthingstodowithyourfamilyonweekends.

7.Manypeopleliketogotoarestaurant.

8.Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.

9.Everyonewantstohaveahappyweekend.

10.ShehopeI’lladviseherwhichtochoose.

III.作宾语补足语

1.I’ll get someone _to__ repair the recorder for you.

2.What caused him _to__ change his mind?

v.+sb.+todo

advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,expect,encourage,force,get,hate,invite,order,wish ,want,warn,remind,promise,permit,persuade,request+sb.todo

注意：

（1）在动词feel（一感），hear,listento（二听），have,let,make（三使），notice,see,watch,observe,lookat（五看）（即：

吾看三室两厅一感觉）等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。

v.+sb.+do

Let’sgotoThailandrightnow.（letsb.dosth.）

Theysawtheboyfalloffthetree.（seesb.dosth.）

Theboywasseentofalloffthetree.

Heisoftenheardtosing（sing）thesong.

Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmatecry（cry）.Todayhewasmadetocry（cry）byhisdeskmate.（makesb.dosth.）

（2）help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.

Ioftenhelphim（to）cleantheroom.[helpsb.（to）dosth.]

Ihelpedhim（to）findhisthings.

比较：

Theprofessortoldthestudentshowtodotheexperiment.

Theprofessortoldthestudentstodotheexperiment.

Practice:

1.Nooneletsyousitintheoffice.

2.Iwantyoutoknowsomerules.

3.Iheardhersingtoday.Shesangwonderful.

4.Wewatchedthechildrenplaygames.

5.Doyoufeelthehouseshake?

6.Thebossmadetheworkersworkfor12hoursaday.

7.Weweremadetomaketensentenceswiththesewords.

8.I’mwaitingforTomtogivetheanswer.

9.Wouldyoulikehersingasongforus?

10.Didanyonenoticeastrangemancomeintothebank?

IV．作定语

 Ihavesomethingtotellyou.（不定式作定语）

1.被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语

Sheisalwaysthelasttoleavetheroom.

Weneedsomeonetohelpwiththework.

Sheisalwaysthefirsttoanswerquestions.

2.不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容

Ihavenochancetogothere.

Hemadeapromisetobeagoodboy.

Thereisnoneedtobuildadamonthesmallriver.

3.不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系

Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?

OneofthemostinterestingplacestovisitinSingaporeisBirdPark.

不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词

Heboughtacuptodrinkwaterwith.

Ihavenothingtocomplainabout.

Heislookingforaroomtolivein.

Practice:

1.Eachmembercanchooseafilmfortheeveningtowatchtogether.

2.Hesatdownatatableandwaitedforsomeonetotakehisorder.

3.Isthisthebestwaytohelphim?

4.Pleasegivemesomethingtodrink.

5.Shehasachildtotakecareof.

6.Heisnotthekindofmantodosuchthings.

7.Itisalreadytimetobeginourclass.

8.Thankyouforgivingmethechancetomakethespeech.

9.Sheboughtabookshelftoputherbookson.

10.Youaretheonlypersontobelate.

V.作状语不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果。

Icameheretoseeyou．（目的）

Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews．（原因）

Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.（结果）

（1）作目的状语表示谓语动作的目的，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。

强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用

inorderto+V.（原形）

soasto+V.（原形）

但soasto不用于句首。

Thestudentsavedmuchmoneytobuyanewmobilephone.

Hegotupearlyinorderto/soastocatchthefirstbus.

=Inordertocatchthefirstbus,hegotupearly.

Peoplehavelearnttheimportanceofkeepingabalanceddiettosatisfy（satisfy）theirnutritionalneeds.

（2）作结果状语

不定式作结果状语时，多表示出乎意料的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。

作结果状语的不定式通常用一般式，为了表示强调可在不定式前加上only.

Irushedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadalreadygone.

Wecamehometofindourgardenneatandtidy.

不定式作结果状语时，常用于so…asto…,such…asto…,enoughto…,too…to…,onlyto…等结构中。

如：

Shewassolatetomisshalfofthelecture.

Sheissuchagoodteacherastoberepectedbyallherstudents.

Thehouseislargeenoughtoholdtwohundredpeople.

Thehatistoolargetowear.

Hewalkstooslowlytogetthereontime.

（3）作原因状语。

不定式与情感类形容词连用时，大多表示原因，用来作原因状语。

这类形容词主要有:

happy,kind,surprised,frightened,shocked,glad,delighted,dissapointed等。

Theyweresurprisedtobeinformedofthenews.

Shewasveryhappytohearthathersonhadbeenpromoted.

Practice:

1.I’mgladtoshowyouaroundthezooonsuchabeautifulday.

2.Whenpeoplearetootiredtocookafterwork,theyoftengeta“takeaway”.

3.Tartapplesareusedtomakeapplesauce.

4.Onedayhewenttoacafeteriatohavelunch.

5.Iamtootiredtothinkofanythingnow.

6.Iworkhardtopasstheexam.

7.Youcouldn’tdothattosaveyourlife.

8.Theteaistoohottodrink.

9.Englishistoodifficultformetolearn.

10.Thisquestionistoohardformetoanswer.

Ⅵ.作表语

动词不定式往往放在连系动词be的后面作表语。

（1）常说明主语的内容、性质、特征

Mywishistobecomeateacher.

Yourjobtodayistocleantheplayground.

Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltoyourself.

Mysuggestionistoputoffthemeeting.

（2）动词不定式作表语，表示将来

Theyaretomarrynextweek.

Youaretodelivertheseflowersbefore10

疑问词+不定式作表语

Thequestioniswheretogetthemedicine.

Thedifficultyishowtodothemostofworkwiththeleastofmoney.

Practice

1.Hisdreamistobeadoctor.

2.ThenextstepistoturnontheTV.

3.Thepurposeofeducationistodevelopafinepersonalityinchildren.

4.Nowmytaskistofinishthecomposition.

5.Thequestionwashowtodothejobwell.

不定式的主动形式表示被动意义

Ihavesomethingimportanttodo.

Intheaccident,thedriverwastoblame.

Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.

Theboxisnoteasytocarry.

动词不定式综合练习

1.IwanttogiveupthisjobbutIhavetosupportmyfamily.

2.ItwillbedifficulttolivelikethisaftertheytakebackthehousenextJuly.

3.Ittookme3daystolearntheEnglishsong.

4.Thepassagetellsyouwhattodointhefirstfewminutes.

5.Everyoneshouldknowhowtocallforhelpintheirarea.

6.Theteachersalsohelpthemtodothesethings.

7.Tobeawinner,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.

8.Whichofthemwouldyoumostliketovisit?

9.Ifeelitmydutytohelpothers.

10.Theearthisbetterplacetoliveon,butscientistsaretryingtomakethebestuseofthemoon.

11.Thebirthdaychildwearsnewclothestomarkthespecialtime.

12.Aflagisflownoutsideawindowtoshowthatsomeonewholivesinthathouseishavingabirthday.

13.ThebestwaytoimproveyourEnglishistojoinanEnglishclub.

14.Somethingisstilltofindout.

16.Howtomakerequestspolitelyisimportant.

17.Youmustbepatientandpersistentifyouaretosucceed.