届高三北师大版英语大一轮复习文档Book 8 Unit 22 Environmental Protection.docx
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届高三北师大版英语大一轮复习文档Book 8 Unit 22 Environmental Protection.docx
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届高三北师大版英语大一轮复习文档Book8Unit22EnvironmentalProtection
重点识记词汇
1.principlen.原则,道德准则
2.anumberof一些
3.lookahead展望未来
4.relevantadj.有关的
5.referv.指,意即→referto指,意即
6.inturn依次;轮流
7.leadto导致;通向;引起
8.coincidencen.巧合
9.sacrificevt.&vi.牺牲;献出
10.takeaction采取行动
11.recyclevt.回收利用
12.threatenvt.威胁
13.aheadof在……前面
14.apartfrom除……以外
15.answerfor(对已产生的不良后果)负责任
16.seizevt.依法没收;(用武力)夺取
17.callforanendtosth.要求结束……
18.orelse否则,不然
19.wrapup包起来;席卷而去;结束
20.calculatevt.计算,算出
21.condemnvt.迫使(某人)陷入不幸的境地;谴责
22.forgood永远
23.behalfn.代表→onone’sbehalf代表某人;代表
24.carryoff掠走,夺走
25.allinall总的来说
26.resultin导致
27.meansn.方法
28.earnone’sliving谋生
29.potentialn.可能性;潜在性
30.plugone’sears塞住耳朵
31.reserven.保护区;v.保护→reservationn.保护
32.adoptvt.采用
33.advocatevt.主张,提倡→advocationn.提倡
34.allthebest祝一切顺利
35.changeableadj.多变的→changev.&n.变;改变
36.sumup总结,概括
37.constructvt.建造→constructionn.建造
38.asamatteroffact实际上
39.financen.资金→financialadj.财务的,金融的
40.sharpenvt.削尖→sharpadj.尖的
41.trapvt.使困住;n.陷阱,夹子→trap...into...陷入;卷入
42.separationn.分离,分开→separateadj.分开的;v.分离,分开
43.beyondprep.超出→beyondone’scontrol超出/不受……的控制
44.substituten.代替品,代用品;v.替代→substitute...for...代替
45.breakawayfrom摆脱,脱离(某种思想体系、团体、组织)
46.considerateadj.想得周到的,体贴的→considervt.考虑→considerationn.考虑
必背经典句式
1.Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases,thesun’srayswouldbouncebackintospaceleavingtheEarthcoldandimpossibletoliveon.
如果没有这些自然产生的气体,太阳光将会被反射回太空去,地球将处于寒冷之中,不适合生命的存在。
2.Giventhisdata,itseemsthatthelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesandrisingglobaltemperaturesisnotmerelyacoincidence.
鉴于这些数据,好像人类活动与正在升高的地球温度之间的联系并不仅仅只是巧合而已。
3.Thelastfewyearshaveseenenvironmentaldisastersonagrandscale,andexpertsarepredictingfarworsetocome.
近几年一些环境灾难大面积地出现,专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。
构词记忆
accuracy/′ækjʊrəsI/n.[U]准确性/度;精密(性)
efficiency/I′fIʃnsI/n.[U]效率;功效
emergency/I′mɜːdʒənsI/n.[C]&[U]紧急情况;突发事件;非常时刻
frequency/′frIːkwənsI/n.[C]&[U]出现率;发生率;频繁;频率
privacy/′praIvəsI/n.[U]隐私;私密
tendency/′tendənsI/n.[C]趋向;趋势
Ⅰ.词汇与派生
A.语境填词
1.Itwassuchacoincidence(巧合)whenPatandMikemeteachotherinMacao.
2.AftergoingtoFrancehesoonadopted(采用)theFrenchwayoflife.
3.Inthiscase,weshouldnotbeworriedaboutourpotential(潜在的)limitations.
4.Theyoftenuseplasticsasasubstitute(替代品)forwood.
5.Sheseized(抓住)thechildandpulledhimbackfromtheedgeofthecliff.
6.Theoldmanthreatened(威胁)thathewouldmakeitpublic.
7.Itwasconsiderate(善解人意)ofyounottoplaythepianowhileIwasasleep.
8.Theactionhasbeenwidelycondemned(谴责)byhumanrightsgroups.
9.Theoldmanwastrapped(困在)intheburninghouseatthatmoment.
10.Iwon’tsacrifice(牺牲)myfamilylifeforwealth.
B.用所给词的适当形式填空
11.ThisafternoonIwillcalltherestaurantandmakeareservation(reserve).
12.Manyexpertsadvocate(advocacy)rewardingyourchildforgoodbehavior.
13.Wedon’thaveenoughfinance(financial)tobuildanotherhouse.
14.Hermoodsareaschangeable(change)astheweather.
15.Anewbuildingisbeingconstructed(construction)now.
Ⅱ.短语运用
A.用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空
lookahead,earnone’sliving,referto,wipeout,takeaction,answerfor,substitute...for...,trap...into...,resultin,sumup,leadto,wrapup
16.Thepolicetookactiontodealwiththeriots(骚乱)immediately.
17.Itwasfoolishofhimtorefertohisnotesduringthatimportanttest,andasaresult,hegotpunished.
18.Themurdererwillhavetoanswerforhiscrimesoneday.
19.Theyoungmanmadeapromisetohisparentsthathewouldtrytoearnhislivingaftergraduation.
20.Wesubstitutedredballsforblueones,toseeifthebabywouldnotice.
21.Drinkingtoomuchcanleadtohealthproblems.
22.HetrappedmeintoadmittingthatIhaddoneit.
23.Whenwedesignthisplan,weshouldlookaheadintothefuture.
24.Makesuretheinsideofthecoffeepotisthoroughlywipedout.
25.InBeijing,onehastobewrappedupbywarmclothesinwinter.
26.Thisactionwillonlyresultinamoredisastrousdefeatforthem.
27.CanIjustsumupwhatwe’veagreedsofar?
B.用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
inturn,anumberof,allinall,atrisk,beyond...control,apartfrom,bythismeans,tosomedegree
28.Allinall,herconditionisgreatlyimproved.
29.Languageisthecarrierofcultureandinturnit’sinfluencedbyculture.
30.Apartfrommakingmoney,thecompanyaimstosethighstandardsofqualityanddesign.
31.Bythismeansyouwillsolvetheproblemsoon.
32.Butonemajorchangewasbeyondthemuseum’scontrol.
33.AnumberofstudentsinmyclasslikeEnglishsongs.
34.Thediseaseisspreading,andallyoungchildrenareatrisk.
35.Yourplanisgood,buttosomedegree,itisnotperfect.
Ⅲ.经典句式
36.Helefttheroomleavingthedoorunlocked.
他没有锁门就离开了房间。
37.Giventhepresentcondition,IthinkYeShiweihasdonefairlywell.
考虑到目前的情况,我认为叶世伟已经做的相当好。
38.Thelast30yearshavewitnessed/seentherapiddevelopmentofChina.
过去30年见证了中国的快速发展。
1
[应试指导] 非谓语动词句法功能的考查
set/layatrapfor设下圈套
becaughtinatrap=fallintoatrap落入陷阱
betrappedin被困在……
trapsb.intodoing...诱骗某人做……
Shehadset/laidatrapforhimandhehadwalkedstraightintoit.
她给他设下圈套,他就径直钻了进去。
Shewastrappedintheburninghouseatthatmoment.
那时她被困在燃烧着的房子里。
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)Wereyoujusttryingtotrapherintomakingamistakendecision?
(2)HermotherDonna,wastrapped(trap)inthedestroyedbuilding.
(3)MarysetatrapforPeterandhereallyfellintothetrap.
(4)Trapped(trap)inatrafficjam,hehadtobepatient,waiting.
2
[应试指导] 作为高级词汇替换book
reservesth.for...为……保留某物
reservetherighttodosth.保留做某事的权利
inreserve备用
with/withoutreserve有(没有)保留地
reservationn.预订;(权利等的)保留
makeareservation预订,预约
Firstly,aneffectiveway,Ithink,istoreservewaterinascientificwayforfutureuse.
首先,我认为一个有效的方法就是用科学的方法把水贮存起来以备将来使用。
(福建·书面表达)
Doyouhavetoreserveticketsinadvance?
你需要提前订票吗?
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)Franklyspeaking,Ihavelittlemoneyinreserve.
(2)Shetoldmeallaboutitwithoutreserve.
(3)I’dliketoreserveatableforthreeoreighto’clock.
(4)Hewentdirectlytothereserved(reserve)seat.
3
beyondsb.为某人所不能理解;超出某人的能力
beyondcontrol/belief/doubt无法控制/无法相信/毫无疑问
beyonddescription/words无法言传
beyondone’swildestdream(s)某人做梦也没想到
beyondone’spower是某人所不及的
beyondcompare无可比拟;非常好
beyondreason毫无道理
Anydriverfounddrinkingbeyondthelimitwillbecharged.
任何司机被发现醉酒驾驶将被罚款。
It’sbeyondmewhyshewantstomarryJeff.
我无法理解她为什么要嫁给杰夫。
[夯实基础]
选词填空
comprehension,reach,expression,control,recognition
(1)Thecarwasbeyondcontrolandranintoatree.
(2)Ihaven’tseenSarasinceshewasalittlegirl,andshehaschangedbeyondrecognition.
(3)Hisbehaviourwascompletelybeyondcomprehension.
(4)You’dbetterputthebottleofmedicinebeyondthechildren’sreach.
(5)Tobeacknowledgedasthefirsttoreceivethishonorisbeyondexpressioninwordsforme.
4
makeaclaimfor/on/to要求……
claimtodo...声称做……
claimone’sattention值得注意
Heclaimedthatitwasallatrickagainsthim.
他声称这一切都是一场针对他的诡计。
[夯实基础]
(1)语法填空
①Thescientistclaimedtohaveinvented(invent)anewkindofcar.
②Thevictimsintheaccidentmadeaclaimfordamages.
(2)SheclaimsthatsheisrelatedtotheQueen.
SheclaimstoberelatedtotheQueen.(用含有不定式的简单句改写句子)
5
[应试指导] 作为高级词汇替换replace
asubstitutefor...……的代替者
substituteAforB=substituteBwith/byA用A代替B
substitutefor代替;取代
Theyweresubstitutingviolencefordialogue.
他们在用暴力取代对话。
Sheisseekingasubstitutefortheverymanwhosedeparturemadehercry.
那个男人的离去令她伤心痛哭,她正在找一个人填补内心的空缺。
[词义辨析] substitute,replace
(1)这两个词的含义略有不同,substitute强调“代替,顶替”,而replace强调“替换,更换”,即把旧的或坏的东西更换成新的(通常用taketheplaceof更通俗些)。
(2)在句型结构上,通常是:
substituteAforB“用A代替B”(使用A);replaceAwith/byB“用B替换A”(使用B)。
[夯实基础]
(1)用substitute,replace的适当形式填空
①Thedriverreplacedthewornouttireswith/bynewones.
②Hesubstitutedfortheteacherwhowasinhospital.
(2)语法填空
①Forsustainabledevelopment,Iadvocateweshouldsubstituteconventionalenergywithrenewableenergy.
②There’snosubstituteforthatwatch.
6
[应试指导]
(1)bynomeans位于句首时倒装
(2)byallmeans交际用语的用法
bymeansof用……办法;借助……
byallmeans当然可以
byanymeans无论如何
bynomeans绝不,一点也不
Furthermore,punishmentisbynomeansawisechoicetohelpthemgrowupmentallyandphysically.
而且,惩罚绝不是帮助他们身心健康成长的明智选择。
(陕西·书面表达)
—CanIseeit?
—Byallmeans.
——我可以看看吗?
——当然可以。
[特别提醒]
(1)means作主语且有every,each,one等词修饰时,谓语动词用单数;有some,several,many,few等词修饰时谓语动词用复数。
(2)bynomeans放在句首时,句子用部分倒装。
[夯实基础]
(1)选择方框内的短语填空
①Hesucceededbymeansofperseverance.
②—MayIborrowyourbicycle?
—Byallmeans.
③Sheisbynomeansaninexperiencedteacher.
(2)Bynomeansissheaninexperiencedteacher.(把上题句③改为倒装句)
7
[应试指导] 非谓语动词作定语或状语的考查
adoptanapproach/astrategy/apolicy采用某方法/战略/政策
adoptedadj.被收养的;移居的
anadoptedson养子
adoptiveadj.(通常作定语)收养的
adaptvt.使适应;改造/编
Pupilsshouldbehelpedtoadoptapositiveapproachtotheenvironment.
应帮助学生对环境采取积极的态度。
Hecouldn’tadapthiswayoflifetothecompany.
他的生活方式无法适应公司的要求。
[夯实基础]
(1)用adopt,adapt的适当形式填空
Theyoungcouplehadnochildrenoftheirownandadoptedanorphan.Afterafewmonths,thechildcametoadapttohisnewlife.
(2)语法填空
①Havingadopted(adopt)anewmethod,theyworkedmoreefficiently.
②Theytreatedtheiradopted(adopt)sonastheirownson.
8
[应试指导]
(1)consider后接非谓语动词的考查
(2)写作高分句式:
Itisconsideredthat...;sb.beconsidered+不定式
consideringprep.&conj.考虑到……;就……而言
considerv.仔细考虑;研讨
considerdoing...考虑做……
considersb./sth.(tobe/as)...认为某人(物)……
allthingsconsidered总而言之;考虑到所有情况
considerationn.考虑;体谅,takesth.intoconsideration考虑到;顾及
Thankyouforyourconsideration.
如果你能考虑一下我将非常感激。
(浙江·书面表达)
Itwasveryconsiderateofhimtowait.
他一直在等候着,真是体贴人。
[夯实基础]
(1)语法填空
①Allthingsconsidered(conside
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