度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类A级真题及答案.docx
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度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类A级真题及答案.docx
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度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类A级真题及答案
2009年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类(A级)真题及答案
第1部分:
词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 Whycan'tyoustopyoureternalcomplaining?
A everlasting B long
C temporary D boring
2 Hundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheearthquake.
A shaken B damaged
C fallen D jumped
3 Thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobeauthentic.
A faithful B royal
C genuine D sincere
4 Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.
A attraction B simplicity
C power D rigor
5 Tenyearsaftertheevent,herdeathstillremainsapuzzle.
A mist B fog
C mystery D secret
6 Johnwasirritatedbythenecessityforpoliteconversation.
A annoyed B troubled
C threatened D aroused
7 Academicrecordscannotbeduplicated.
A borrowed B purchased
C rewritten D copied
8 Theemphasisontheimportanceofeducationhasspurredscientificresearch.
A fastened B encouraged
C raised D initiated
9 Wehaveamplemoneyforthejourney.
A some B little
C extra D enough
10Thedoctor'spillsworkedmarvelsforme.
A patients B miracles
C illness D recovery
11Mary'sperpetualmoaningnearlydrovememad.
A monotonous B endless
C serious D bitter
12Itwashardtosaywhythemandeservedsuchshabbytreatment.
A old B unforgettable
C funny D unfair
13Youdidn'tadheretotheseprinciples.
A follow B order
C prove D handle
14Thefarmersalsowanttousethewatertoirrigatethebarrenland.
A empty B hairless
C bare D smooth
15Anyonewhowantstoapplyforaloanneedreadthefollowingspecifications.
A expressions B warnings
C instructions D advertisements
第2部分:
阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:
如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C.
CancerDrugTrialsOftenHaltedEarly
Anincreasingnumberofclinicaltrialsfornewcancertreatmentsarebeinghaltedbeforetherisksandbenefitshavebeenfullyevaluated,sayItalianresearchers,whowarnthatthisgrowingtrendcouldputpatientsatriskofharmfromnewtherapiesrushedintouse.
Theresearcherslookedat25randomized,controlledclinicaltrialsthatwerestoppedearlybecausethetreatmentshadstartedtoshowbenefittopatients.
“Whenweanalyzed25trialsovera10-yearperiodbetween1997and2007,wefoundaconsistentincreaseinprematurelystoppedtrials-morethan50percentwerestoppedwithinthelastthreeyears,”studyco-authorGiovanniApolonesaidatanewsconferenceTuesday.
Of14trialshaltedearlyandpublishedbetween2005and2007,theresearchersfoundthat11(79percent)ofthemwereusedtosupportdrugapprovalapplicationssubmittedtotheEuropeanMedicinesAgencyandtheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration.
“Thissuggestsastrongcommercialcomponentinstoppingtrialsprematurely.Infact,thisstrategycouldguaranteequickeraccesstothemarketforcompanies.Ontheotherhand,aquickerclinicaldrugdevelopmentmayleadtoan'immature'benefit/riskbalanceofnewdrugs,”Apolonesaid.
Heandhiscolleagues“areawarethattrialsstoppedearlybecausetheyareshowingbenefitmayresultinidentificationofpromisingnewtreatmentsforpatients.However,findingsobtainedfollowingthisstrategyshouldbeconsideredtobepreliminaryresultsthatrequiresubsequentconfirmation.”
Itcantakeseveralyearsforthelong-termbenefitsorharmfulsideeffectsofanewtreatmenttobecomeapparent,Apolonenoted,buttheaverageduration(持续时间)ofthe25studiesheandhiscolleaguesanalyzedwas30months,witharangefrom12to64months.
Theyalsofoundthatatthetimefiveofthestudieswerestopped,they'denrolledlessthan40percentofthetotalnumberofpatientsplannedforfinalanalysis.
“Clinicaltrialsneedtostopearlyforsuperiorbenefitwheneverthere'sproofbeyondreasonabledoubtthatthenewtreatmentreallyissuperior.Thatwouldbeanethicalobligation,”StuartPocock,aprofessorofmedicalstatisticsattheLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicineintheUnitedKingdom,saidatthenewsconference.“However,toomanytrialsarestoppedearlyclaimingefficacy(功效)withoutstrongevidencebeingavailable.”
16 Thenumberofprematurelystoppedclinicaltrialshasincreasedrecently
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
17 Thetrialswerestoppedearlybecausethetreatmentsprovedtobeofnovalue
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
18 The25trialsinvolvedroughlythesamenumberofparticipants
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
19 Someofthetrialswereprobablystoppedearlyforcommercialreasons.
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
20 Participantsinthetrialswerehappywhentheywerestoppedearly
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
21 Someofthetrialsweretooshorttoshowtheirlong-termeffects
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
22 StuartPocockbelievedthatinnocaseshouldclinicaltrialsstopearly
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
第3部分:
概括大意与完成句子(第23~30题,每题1分,共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:
(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1~4段每段1选择个最佳标题;
(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Cancer
1 Cancerisagroupofmanyrelateddiseasesthatbeginincells,thebody'sbasicbuildingblocks.Thebodyismadeupofmanytypesofcells.Normallycellsgrowanddividetoproducemorecellsastheyareneededtokeepthebodyhealthy.Sometimes,thisorderlyprocessgoeswrong.Newcellsformwhenthebodydoesnotneedthem,andoldcellsdonotdiewhentheyshould.Theextracellsformamassoftissuecalledagrowthortumor.Benign(~良性的)tumorsarenotcancer.Theycanoftenberemovedand,inmostcases,theydonotcomebackMalignant(恶性的)tumorsarecancer.Cellsinmalignanttumorsareabnormalanddividewithoutcontrolororder.
2 Scientistshavelearnedthatcanceriscausedbychangesingenesthatnormallycontrolthegrowthanddeathofcells.Certainlifestyleandenvironmentalfactorscanchangesomenormalgenesintogenesthatallowthegrowthofcancer.Manygene
changesthatleadtocanceraretheresultoftobaccouse,diet,exposuretoultravioletradiationfromthesun,orexposuretocarcinogens(致癌物)intheworkplaceorintheenvironment.Somegenealterationsareinherited.
3 Cancertreatmentcanincludesurgery,radiationtherapy,chemotherapy(化疗),hormonetherapy,andbiologicaltherapy.Thedoctormayuseonemethodoracombinationofmethods,dependingonthetypeandlocationofthecancer,whetherthediseasehasspread,thepatient'sageandgeneralhealth,andotherfactors.Becausetreatmentforcancercanalsodamagehealthycellsandtissues,itoftencausessideeffects.Patientsanddoctorsgenerallydiscussthetreatmentoptions,weighingthelikelybenefitsofkillingcancercellsandtherisksofpossiblesideeffects.
4 Havingcancerdoesnotalwaysmeanhavingpain.Whetherapatienthaspainmaydependonthetypeofcancer,theextentofthedisease,andthepatient'stoleranceforpain.Mostpainoccurswhenthecancergrowsandpressesagainstbones,organs,ornerves.Painmayalsobeasideeffectoftreatment.However,paincangenerallyberelievedorreducedwithprescriptionmedicinesorover-the-counterdrugsrecommendedbythedoctor.
23 Paragraph1 。
24 Paragraph2 。
25 Paragraph3 。
26 Paragraph4 。
A Doescanceralwayscausepain?
B Cancancerbeprevented?
C Whatiscancer?
D Howcommoniscancer?
E Whatcausescancer?
F Howiscancertreated?
27 Canceroccurswhencellsmthebodydividewithout
28 Genealterationsmaybecausedby
29 Treatmentforcancermayalsobringaboutsome
30 Cancerpatientsmaydifferintheir
A prescriptionmedicines
B controlororder
C toleranceforpain
D variousfactors
E normalgenes
F differentgenessideeffects
第4部分:
阅读理解(第31~45题,每题3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
YouthEmancipationinSpain
TheSpanishGovernmentissoworriedaboutthenumberofyoungadultsstilllivingwiththeirparentsthatithasdecidedtohelpthemleavethenest.
Around55percentofpeopleaged18-34inSpainstillsleepintheirparents'homes,saysthelatestreportfromthecountry'sstate-runInstituteofYouth.
Tocoax(劝诱)youngpeoplefromtheirhomes,theInstitutestarteda“YouthEmancipation(解放)”programthismonth.Theprogramoffersguidanceinfindingroomsandjobs.
Economistsblameyoungpeople'sfamilydependenceontheprecarious(不稳定的)labormarketandincreasinghousingprices.Housingpriceshaverisen17percentayearsince2000.
Culturalreasonsalsocontributetotheproblem,saysociologists(社会学家)。
FamilytiesinsouthEurope-Italy,PortugalandGreece-arestrongerthanthoseinmiddleandnorthEurope,saidSpanishsociologistAlmudenaMorenoMinguezinherreport“TheLateEmancipationofSpanishYouth:
KeyforUnderstanding”。
“Ingeneral,youngpeopleinSpainfirmlybelieveinthefamilyasthemainbodyaroundwhichtheirprivatelifeisorganized”said
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