中考英语阅读理解分类解读.docx
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中考英语阅读理解分类解读.docx
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中考英语阅读理解分类解读
中考英语阅读理解分类解读
——兼选编2008年各地中考英语阅读理解试题
山东 张贵福
文章来源:
2008年下半年度《试题与研究》
一、人物故事类
【命题趋势】
人物故事以记述人物生平故事为主。
体裁一般是记叙文,包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。
写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。
命题以细节为主,推理为辅。
近年来,人物传记类阅读文章在高中阅读理解题中有所减少。
【应试对策】
人物故事类文章多为记叙文,为了支撑所要描述的人物,短语往往会出现大量细节,这些细节有时很直接,理解字面意思即可,有时则很间接,需要综合、归纳、推理才能判断。
准确理解细节是做好这类题的关键。
那么,怎样准确理解细节呢?
首先,从问题中找到关键词;然后以此为线索,运用略读和查阅的技巧在文中迅速找细节;找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读,认真比较选项和文中细节的区别;最后,在正确理解细节的前提下,确定最佳答案。
【典型考题】
(1)
Whenweasked students whatthey want to be, theyoftentalkaboutunusualjobs, thingsliketeachersand doctors.Butifyouthinkaboutit, manypeopledon’tplan to do theirjobs.They just startdoing themby accident. Wehavetalked totwopeople withunusual jobs.
Emilyisadentistbut shedoesn’t workwithpeople.Sheworkswithhorses. After universityshe tookcareofanimal’shealthforseveralyears,butshenotices thatthere were fewpeople whocouldhelphorses’teeth.Shedeicide togotocollegeand studyagain.Thenshehadto buyspecialtools,but she isnever outof work.She’dalwaysverybusytakingcareofhorses’teeth.“I couldn’tbe adentistforpeoplenow,”Emilysaid, “because I really enjoy working withhorses.”
AssoonasDavidcould read, heread booksaboutrobots,buttherobotshebuildtodaydon’tlook likethestrangerobotpeoplein hisbooks.Hebuildrobots forindustry.Earlyonehe madeuphismindtostudymath,scienceandcomputerssothathecouldbreakintotheworld of robot engineering.“Someofthemathisverydifficult.”sayDavid,“but you muststudymathtobeanengineer.”Fortunatelyhe got topmarksin allhismathexams.
1.Emilydoesn’t wanttobeadentistbecause _________.
A. thepayislowB.shehastobuyspecialtools
C.shewill beoutofworkD. shelikesworkingwithhorses
2.To becomearobot engineer, David_________.
A.needtoworryB.boughta lot ofrobots
C.hadtostudy hardD. didn’thavetogotocollege
3.Davidgottopmarksinallhismathexams,although_________.
A.mathwas noteasytostudy
B.hehastostudymathtobean engineer
C.he couldbreakintotheworldof robotengineering
D.hemadeuphismindto studymath,science andcomputers
(2008年天津市初中毕业生学业考试试卷)
(2)
One daywhenJackwaswalkinginthepark,he sawawoman,wholived a few milesaway,sittingonabenchwithadogbeside her. Thedogwaslooking upatthe woman.
Jack walkedup to thewomanand said, "Hello,Sue, howareyou?
May Isitandtalk withyoufora while?
""Of course,pleasesitdown," Suesaid.Jacksat downnexttoSue onthe bench,andtheytalkedquietlytogether.Thedogcontinuedto lookupat Sue,asifwaitingtobefed.
"That'sanicedog,isn'the?
"Jack said,pointingattheanimal.
"Yes,heis. He'shandsome.He'sa bitofamixture,butthat'snotabadthing.He'sstrongand healthy."
"Andhungry,"Jacksaid."Hehasn'ttakenhiseyesoffyou. Hethinksyou've got somefoodforhim."
"That'strue,"Suesaid."ButIhaven't."
They bothlaughedandthenJacksaid,"Does yourdogbite?
"
"No,"Sue said,"He'sneverbittenanyone. He'salwaysgentle andfriendly."
Hearingthis,Jackdecided toholdouthishandandtouchedthe animal'shead. Suddenly itjumpedup and bithim.
"Hey!
"Jack shouted."Yousaidyourdogdidn'tbite."
Sue repliedinsurprise,"Yeah,Idid.Butthisis not mydog.Mydog'sathome."
4.The dog looked atthe womanbecause_________.
A.thewomanwantedtofeedhim
B.thewoman wasfriendly
C. hewasstrongandhealthy
D.hewashungry
5.Jack and Suewere_________.
A.friendsB.next-doorneighbors
C.strangersD. inthesamefamily
6. Jack touchedthedogbecausehe believed _________.
A. thedogwashandsome
B.Sue'sdogwasunfriendly
C.the dog belongedtoSue
D.Sue'sdogwasathome
7.We caninfer formthepassagethat_________.
A.Suegave awronganswer
B.Jack madeamistake
C.the dogwasn't dangerous
D.bothJackand Sueliked the dog
8.Which oftheFollowingcanbethebest title ofthepassage?
A.AWrongQuestion B. Sue'sDog
C.ApleasantMeeting D.Sue'sFriend
(2008年武汉市初中毕业生学业考试)
参考答案:
1~5DCADA 6~8CBA
二、社会文化类
【命题趋势】
语言是社会文化的重要载体。
学习英语的目的之一就是“提高初步运用英语进行交际的能力,增强对外国文化,特别是英语国家文化的了解”。
因此,社会文化类试题出现在高考试卷中是必然的。
社会文化类文章的命题有以下趋势:
1.以中西文化差异作为选材的重点。
如礼仪、语言、生活习惯、世界观、价值观等为主题。
题材涉及社会、文化、教育、体育等方面的内容。
2.一般一篇文章一个主题。
以议论文、记叙文居多。
3.命题方面,既重主旨把握,又重特定细节,时有推断。
【应试对策】
对英语语言、社会、文化的了解是一个长期的过程,在复习时要注意:
1.重视英语词汇、语法和习惯用法的掌握。
在复习过程加强对语言基础知识的掌握。
对于普通中学毕业生来说,应具备2000-3500的词汇量,并掌握其词类、意思和基本用法。
掌握句子结构和句子成分之间的关系。
熟悉固定词组、固定搭配等约定俗成的语法项目。
2.扩展文化背景知识,认真研读历届高考题。
从近五年的高考题看,阅读内容的社会实用性越来越强,更重视语言和文化的关系,阅读材料会更多地涉及社会化背景知识。
因此,要通过阅读更多地涉及社会文化背景知识,要通过阅读更多地了解并丰富自己的知识。
同时,要认真研读近五年的高考篇目,增加语言经验,适应选材特点,熟悉题材和体裁。
了解设问形式,感悟设问特点。
3.广泛涉猎,丰富消遣阅读。
【典型考题】
(1)
第一节:
阅读短文,根据其内容,选择最佳选项完成下列各题。
(10分)
Beijing Operais alsocalledPeking Opera.It cameintobeing after 1790whenthefamousfourAnhuioperatroupes(戏班)cametoBeijing.Itsmusic andsinging(唱腔) come fromXipiand Erhuang inAnhuiandHubei. Its costumesareallfascinating andartistic.Itis thehighestexpressionoftheChinese culture. It’sfulloffamousstories,beautifulfacialpaintings,andwonderful gesturesand fighting. This kindofoperaisverypopularwithChinesepeople.
There are fourmain roles inBeijingOpera:
Sheng,Dan,Jingand Chou.Shengis theleading male(男性) actor.Forexample, aWushengisasoldierorfighter. AXiaoshengisayoungman.ALaosheng isanoldman.Danis thefemale(女性)role.Jing,mostlymale,istheface-paintedroleandChouisthe comedyactor or clown.
StoriesinBeijingOperaare veryinteresting.Someofthem arefrom thehistorybook,butmostofthemarefromtheliterature,especiallyfamous novels.Thepeopleinthestory usuallyhavesome disagreements.Theybecomeangryandunhappy. Theyaresadandlonely. Sometimestheyarenervousandworried.Thenthey findawayto makepeace.The stories usuallyendwithhappinessandlaughterand peopleare allhappyintheend.
( )56.Beijing Opera’ssinging isfrom_________.
A. AnhuiandHubeiB.BeijingandAnhui
C.the historybookD. theliteratureandnovels
( )57.Thesecond paragraph(段落)of thereadingis aboutthe_________ofBeijingOpera.
A.stories B.rolesC.gesturesD.paintings
( )58. Fromthe reading, weknow the role Choumostprobably hasa(n)_________ feature.
A.honest B.funnyC.dullD. serious
() 59.Whichofthefollowing istherole Sheng?
A.
B.
C.
D.
( )60.Whichofthefollowingstatementsis TRUE?
A.Peking Operais fullof differentgestures.
B.Thereareonlyfour rolesinBeijingOpera.
C.BeijingOpera isthe mostpopularintheworld.
D.Thepeople inthe storyusuallyareinagreement.
第二节:
阅读短文,根据其内容,选择最佳选项完成下列各题。
(10分)
October 16 isWorldFoodDay.Thisdayisalso the anniversary(纪念日)oftheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganization (FAO)(联合国粮农组织).Morethan 100countriesareholdingspecial events.All ofthese aimtocelebratetheestablishmentof theFAOin1945.Thethemechosenforthis year’sWorldFoodDayis “Water:
Source(资源) ofFoodSecurity”.
AUNreportsaysthatover6million people have diedfromhungerandrelated diseasessofar thisyearalone.Morethan 850million people,oraboutoneinseven,around theworlddonotget enough food,andtheneedfor foodwillincreaseastheworld’spopulationgrows.TheUN alsoreports that byyear2030,theworldmay need 60% morefood.Mostof thatincreasewillhave to come fromagriculture supportedbywater irrigation(灌溉).However,fresh water isalready inshortsupplyin manycountries.
Jacques Diouf,the directoroftheFAO,saysthatthereare20 countriesthatdonothaveenoughwaterto produceenough foodfor theirpopulations. Tennationsusemorethan 40%oftheirtotalfreshwaterforagriculture.Hefearsthatthe problemwill only become worseas the needforwaterby peopleandby industry grows.Sowaterisoneofthemostimportantthingsintheworldtoday.
()61.The underlined(画线的)word“establishment”hasthe samemeaningas_________.
A.pickingup B.making upC. cutting upD.setting up
( )62.Inthe world, morethan_________peoplehave diedbecauseofhungerthisyear.
A.6millionB. 2 millionC.850millionD.100million
( )63.WhatMr.Dioufsaysshows that hemost worries about_________.
A.thefutureoftheFAO B.theshortofwater
C. theovergrowthofpopulationD.the developmentofthe environment
( )64.Thereadingaboveimplies(暗示)that_________.
A.freshwater forusisquiteenoughB.theworld’spopulationis gettingsmaller
C. wewillneedmorewaterto irrigateD.industryis themostimportant thingtoday
( ) 65.Thepassageismainlyabout_________.
A.howtocelebrateWorldFoodDayB.theincreaseof foodinmanycountries
C. theimportanceofwaterforfoodD.theUN FoodandAgricultureOrganization
(湖北省十堰市2008年初中毕业生学业考试)
(2)
Bargainingis the rulehere inBeijing.Atleast, itissoinmostmarkets andback-streetclothesshops.Bargaining isanartand if youareunfamiliar(不熟悉)withit, we'dliketoofferyou someadvice.Thetips(窍门) hereare oftenusedinBeijingbutmayhelp youatanyplace intheworldwhere bargainingispracticed.
DONOTsayhowmuch youwanttopayfor an item(物品)unlessit’sneartheendof the bargaining.Alwaystryanddroptheseller'sofferingpriceasmuchas possiblebeforeopening yourmouthwitha price.
DOthrowout reallylowpriceslike10RMBwith a big smile.
DOkeepsmilingfromthebeginning to theend.The sellerusually continuesbargainingwitha happysmilingface. Gettingangry hardly gets youthepriceyouwant.
KEEP inmindthepriceofferedbythesellerat thebeginningisusuallyatleast40% ov
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