Written Report for Contract Law.docx
- 文档编号:12739963
- 上传时间:2023-04-21
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:11
- 大小:19.09KB
Written Report for Contract Law.docx
《Written Report for Contract Law.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《Written Report for Contract Law.docx(11页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
WrittenReportforContractLaw
WrittenReportforContractLaw
WrittenReport0
2010级民商法硕士 Freeman
Question:
whatisyourcomprehensionforfundamentalpoliciesandvaluesofcontract?
P1-20
Intermsofthepolicyandvalueofcontractlaw,BrianABlumhasgivenussixreasonsincludingfreedomofcontract,moralityofkeepingpromise,accountabilityforconductandreliance,socialjustice,protectionoftheunderdogandfairness.
Frommypointofview,thebasicvalueofcontractlawistoprotecttherightoffreedomofthecivilians.,whichreflectstheruleofautonomyincivillawandalsoreflectstherightoffreedomgivenbytheconstitutionlaw.[1]
Firstly,thegoaloftheprincipleoffreedomofcontractistoencouragetransaction,whichisabasicmeasureforthedevelopmentofthemarket-orientedeconomy.Themoreprosperousthecontractrelationshipdevelops,themoreenergeticthemarket-orientedeconomyforms,whichdependsonthesufficientfreedomofcontractbetweenthecontractingparties.Article4inChina'scontractlawclearlystates,allthesocialmembershavetherighttomakeacontract,whichcannotbeinterposedbyanyindividualorunit.[2] ThisruleisalsobesettledoutinthedueprocessintheAmericanconstitution.
Furthermore,theprincipleoffreedomofcontractnotonlypointsthewayofmakingcontracts,butalsoincludesthecontentofthecontracts,forexample,inanoralwayorinawrittenway.Intheperformanceofthecontract,westillcanchangeorsupplementthecontentofthecontract,anddecidethewaytobeartheresponsibilityofthebreachofacontractandthemethodtosettledisputes.
However,justasafamousmottosays,thereisnoabsolutefreedom,onlyrelativefreedomintheworld.Theprincipleoffreedomofcontractcannotexceedtheprohibitedprovisionsofthelaw.Forexample,Theprincipleoffreedomofcontractcannotgoagainsttheprincipleofpublicorderandsocialgoodmorals,cannotbeusedwithfraudandintimidation,especiallybeusedtopersecutethethirdpersonorthestateofpublicinterestwithanillegalpurpose.Fortheunequalcontractualsubjects,forinstance,betweenthelaborandthecompany,orbetweentheinsuranceconsumerandtheinsurancecompany,therightoffreedomofmakingacontractfortheweakershouldbeprotectedmore.Onlyinthiswaycanwepursuethejustice.
Inshort,Theprincipleoffreedomofcontractmustbelimitedbythesocialpublicinterestsandindividualprofits,thusbalancingtherelationshipbetweendifferentcontractingmembers.
WrittenReportAnother1
Question:
whatisthegreatsignificanceofdoctrineofprecedentundercommonlaw?
P21-50
IthasbeensaidinBrianABlum'sbookthatdoctrineofprecedentmeansthepreviousprecedentmustbefollowedbythelatercaseifthebasicfactsoflatercasearesubstantiallysimilartotheprecedent.[3]
Frommypointofview,thegreatsignificanceofdoctrineofprecedentundercommonlawcanbeillustratedasfollow:
Firstofall,doctrineofprecedentundercommonlawcanprotecttheequalapplicationbetweendifferentcasesandindividiualsbecauselegaljusticeorderusthatthesamecaseshouldhavethesamecourtdecision.
Secondly,doctrineofprecedentundercommonlawcanenhancetheforeseeabilityoflaw.Accordingtothisruleofforeseeabilityoflaw,everypersoncanforeseethelegaleffectofhisownconduct,thusavoidinghimselfbedrawnintolegalactionorsanction,whichalsoreflectsthelegaltransparencyandfairness.
Moreover,doctrineofprecedentundercommonlawcannotonlysavethetimeofmakinglegaldecisionforthejudges,butalsolimitthejudge'srighttomakeadecision.
Inshort,doctrineofprecedentisthelifeandleadingstarforcommonlaw.
WrittenReport2
Question:
comparethejudicialapproachesbetweentwolegalsystemsinfindingpeople’slegalintention.P51-56
Intermsofthejudicialapproachesinfindingpeople'slegalintention,thecommonlawandthecivillawallfollowtheconsistentprinciplebetweenthesubjectiveelementandtheobjectiveelement.However,thecommonlawandthecivillawhavedifferentwaysandprocedurestoact.
Forthecommonlaw,theexternalstandardshouldbeusedatfirsttofindoutwhetherbothpartiesdidhavemadeacontract.Theexternalstandardisusedbecauseaninquiryintowhateachpartyhaveinmindisneitherefficientnorfair.[4] Itwillusetoomanytimetounderstandaperson'smindreliedonhiswordsorconducts.
However,ifanysubjectiveevidencecanbefoundthatthecontractisunfair,forexample,onepartyhasbeencheated,forcedormisunderstood,thusmakinganunfaircontract,thelegalintentiontomakeacontractshouldnotbeestablished.
Ifthepartiesjusthavedifferentunderstandingonthemeaningsofeachother'swordsandconducts,theirlegalintentionmustbefoundbythefactfinder.Inotherwords,thesubjectivetestisaccordtoathirdparty'slegalintention,nottheintentionofthetwopartieswhomakethecontract.
However,incivillaw,threeaspectsshouldbetakenintoaccountwhenthejudgeswanttofindthelegalintention,thatistheaimintention,theeffectintentionandtheactintention.
WrittenReport3
Question:
comparetherulesofofferandacceptanceunderthetwolegalregimeofcontractlaw.P56-148
offer
(1)thetimewhentheoffercomesintoeffectisdifferent
Incommonlaw,theruleofpostaletterhasbeenusedtodecidethetimewhentheoffercomesintoeffect,thatistosay,theofferwillnotcomeintoeffectuntil theoffereemakeapromise.
Incivillaw,theruleofarrivalhasbeenusedtodecidethetimewhentheoffercomesintoeffect,thatistosay,theofferwillcomeintoeffectwhentheofferreachtheplacewheretheoffereecangetit.
(2).thewithdrawandrevocationofofferisdifferent
Thetheorythatoffercanbewithdrawnhasbeenagreedbybothlegalsystemscholarsandjudges,however,whethertheoffercanberevokedhasnotreachedanagreement.
Incommonlaw,theoffercanberevokedbeforetheoffereehasmadeapromiseeveniftheofferhasreachedtheoffereebecausethecommonlawjudgesarguethatitisbeneficialforbothpartiestochangetheirideasaccordingtodifferentmarketenvironment,thusavoidingdisadvantagestoofferer.
Incivillaw,thecivillawjudgesarguethatwhentheofferreachstheofferee,theofferer'rightshouldbelimitedbytheoffer.[5]ifapromisetimehasbeengivenfortheofferee,theoffershouldnotberevokedbeforethepromisetimedue.
Acceptance
(1)thetimewhentheacceptancecomesintoeffectisdifferent
Incommonlaw,theruleofsendingout(inAmercia,itisalsocalledmailboxrule)hasbeenusedtodecidethetimewhentheacceptancecomesintoeffect.
Therefore,whentheoffereeputhisacceptanceintothemailbox,thecontracthasbeenmade.
Incivillaw,theruleofarrivalhasbeenusedtodecidethetimewhentheacceptancecomesintoeffect.,thatistosay,whentheofferee'sacceptancegetstotheplacewheretheoffercancontrol,thecontracthasmade.
(2)thewithdrawandrevocationofacceptanceisdifferent
Incommonlaw,theacceptancecannotbewithdrawniftheoffereehasputhisacceptanceintothemailboxwhethertheacceptancehasbeenreachedtotheoffererornot.
Incivillaw,theacceptancecannotbewithdrawnonlyifthewithdrawnoticereachtheofferernotlaterthantheacceptancereachtheofferer.
WrittenReport4
Question:
whyaretherulesofofferandacceptancedifferentbetweenthetwolegalsystems?
P56-148
Thereasonwhytherulesofofferandacceptanceisdifferentbetweenthetwolegalsystemscanbesummarizedintoonephrase:
differentbussinesspurpose.
JustaswecanseefromthecontractlawbookwrittenbyBrianABlum,thebussinessmenunderthecommonlawsystemtakemoreattentionintotheswiftdealagreement,therefore,therulestodecidewhetheracontracthasmadewillbeapttobeadvantageousfortheofferer.Incivillaw,thejudgestakemoreattentiontothesafetyforthedealagreement.
Forexample,justastheruleswhentheacceptanceandoffercomeintoeffect.
whentheacceptancehasbeenputintothemailbox.Thecommonlawjudgeswilldecidetheacceptancehascomeintoeffect,thusthecontracthasbeenmade,thereforetheacceptancecannotbeenwithdrawn. [6]Thatistosay,eventhewithdrawnnoticereachtheofferernotlaterthantheacceptancenotice,theacceptancecannotbevoid.
Frommypointofview,theruleswhentheacceptanceandoffercomeintoeffectincommonlawsystemmaybemorehelpfulfortheoffererandoffereetomakeacontractswiftly,butnotgoodtothesafetyofadeal.
Forinstance,undertheruleofmailbox,iftheacceptanceisdelayedorlost,theofferer'rightshouldbelimiteduntiltheacceptancereachhim,itistoorigoroustotheofferer.
WrittenReport5
Question:
whyisitwherethereisnoruleofconsiderationunderChinesecontractlaw?
149-188
JustasBrianABlumsaidinhisbook,considerationisthebasisofcontractobligationinAnglo-Amercianlaw,andaccordingtotheBlackDictionary,considerationissomethingofvaluesuchasanact,aforbearanceorareturnpromisereceivedbythepromiseorfromapromisee,inotherwords,whichmeanstheinterestsonepartywillgetbecauseofhisperformanceofobligationorthelossesapartywillsufferbecauseofhisacceptanceoftheobligation.[7]
ItisnowonderthatthereisnoformalruleofconsiderationinChinesecontractlawbacausethelegalsourcesofChinesecontractlawisfromthecivillawandthereisnoformal
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- Written Report for Contract Law