研究生英语下册练习答案.docx
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研究生英语下册练习答案.docx
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研究生英语下册练习答案
Unit1ShortStories
TextA
TheFarandtheNear
KeytoExercises
II.Vocabulary
A.
1.wasstunnedby2.deliberately3.bellowed4.paralyze
5.surgeup 6.perplexity7.timorous8.sullen
B.
1.ploddedon2.Disquiet3.meager4.stallup5.rumble
6.shrill7.ghastly8.mishap9.sallow10.outskirts
III.Grammar&Structure
A.
By1920,forthefirsttimeinU.S.history,themajorityofthecountry’s105millioncitizenslivedinurbancenter.There,theeffectsofaneweconomicandsocialstructure,monopolycapitalism,andofnewtechnologiesofleisureandentertainment,likeradio,themovies,andsoundrecording,wasbeingfeltwithanunstablemixtureofenthusiasmandtrepidation.IftheAmericanmetropolisbrought“theshockofthenew”tobearonindividualswithunprecedentpower,italsoservedforasitefortheeruptionofanxietiesaboutthesocial,psychic,andspiritualeffectsofmodernityandmodernization.Throughouttheeraofmodernism,thecitysymbolizedthechallengesofconfrontnotonlythenewbutalsotheculturalother.Between1880and1920approximately28,000,000immigrants----mainlyofsouthernandeasternEuropeanorigin,andthusoftheso-called“darkerraces”----enteringtheU.S.,thevastmajoritysettlinginNewYorkCity,whereby1920onlyoneofsixinhabitantwaswhite,U.S.-born,andProtestant.TheimmigrantswerejoinedbymillionsofAfrican-Americansfromtheruralsouthtoindustrialnorthandmid-westerncenters,soughteconomicandsocialopportunitiesonthenewstatusoftheU.S.asworldindustrialleader.
ThesekindsofculturaldislocationproducedmuchofwhatwenowcountasAmericancultureofthefirstdecadesofthe20thcentury,includingTinPanAlley,ragtime,jazz,andearlyHollywood,andtheycontributedimmeasurablyofvariedstylesofavant-garde,bohemian,andhighliteraryperformance.
1._centers__
2.__were___
3.unprecedented
4.___as__
5._confronting_
6._entered__
7.inhabitants_
8._northern_
9.__seeking_
10.___to___
B.
1.C2.B3.D4.A5.A
6.C7.D8.B9.C10.D
IV.Translation
Therewasalittletidycottageofwhiteboards,trimmedvividlywithgreenblinds.Toonesideofthehousetherewasagardenneatlypatternedwithplotsofgrowingvegetables,andanarborforthegrapeswhichripenedlateinAugust.Beforethehousetherewerethreemightyoakswhichsheltereditintheircleanandmassiveshadeinsummer,andtotheothersidetherewasaborderofgayflowers.
Itwasontheoutskirtsofalittletownthattheexpresstrainpassedeverydayformorethantwentyyears.Theairoftidiness,thriftandmodestcomfortaroundthelittlecottageandthewavingofitsownershadbecomefixedinthemindoftheengineer,bringinghimthemostextraordinaryhappinessandgreatcourage.
Afterretirement,hecouldn’twaittogetoffthetrainandgovisitingtheownersofthelittlecottage,whoseliveshadbeenwroughtintohisown.Butthesceneofhistripwassounfamiliarthathehadasenseofbewildermentandregret.Theindifferenceandmistrustoftheownershaddrownedthewarmpictureinhisheart.
TextB
Luck
KeytoExercises
Comprehension&Appreciation
A.
1.D2.C3.A4.B5.C6.D
B.
1.我望着这个神一样的人物,看呀,看呀,看呀,对我来说这就像享用美酒佳肴一样。
我审视着,打量着,留意着,只见他脸色平静,神态拘谨,高贵庄重,浑身上下都透出一种朴质的诚恳;他并没留意到他自己的伟大——没有留意盯住他的那几百双羡慕的眼睛,没有留意在座人士胸中迸发出来并向他奔流过去的那种深深的、忠实的、真诚的景仰。
2.很明显,他的样子不错,长得好看,很可爱,又正直。
因此,看到他像一尊雕像一样静静地站在那里,回答问题时表现得确实令人惊异地愚昧无知,我心里感到极度难受。
3.请相信我,考试的那天他成功地通过了!
就凭那些完全一知半解的、考前临时死记硬背的回答题,他通过了,而且还受到了表扬,而其他的人,虽然知道的东西比他多一千倍,却考不及格。
4.我的良心日夜都在拷打我。
我所做的这一切纯粹是出于慈爱,仅仅为了减轻这个可怜的青年考试失败的痛苦。
我做梦也没有想到会产生像现在这样的极为荒谬的结果。
我感受到了像弗兰肯斯泰因那样的过错和痛苦。
5.每一天,每一年都有一种最为非凡的、令人惊奇的幸运跟随着他。
在大约30年时间里的历次战争中,他都是个杰出的战士。
他以大量的纰漏将他的军事生涯弄得乌七八糟,可是没有一次纰漏曾妨碍他成为一个爵士,或是准男爵,或是勋爵,或是什么的。
Unit2Economy
TextA
ConsumerSocializationofFamilyMembers
KeytoExercises
II.Vocabulary
A.
1.norm2.occupational3.target4.ongoing
5.adjustment6.disposeof7.transfer8.initiate
B.
1.disposal2.modified3.reinforce4.sole5.initiate
6.adjustable7.assumed8.transferable9.illustration10.rangefrom
III.Grammar&Structure
A.
Marketingcommunicationscaninfluenceaconsumer’slevelofself-esteem.Exposure∧advertisementscantriggeraprocessofsocialcomparison,inthatapersontriestoevaluatehisorherselfbycomparingitwiththepeopleshowinginadvertisingimages.Thisformofcomparisonappearstobeabasichumanmotive.Manymarketershadtappedintothisneedbysupplyingidealizedimagesofhappy,attractivepeoplewhoareusingtheirproductsinordertomotivatepeopletobuytheproducts.
Arecentstudyillustrateswhatthissocialcomparisonprocessworks.Thestudyshowthatfemalecollegestudentstendedtocomparetheirphysicalappearancetoadvertisingmodels.Studyparticipantswereexposedtobeautifulwomeninadvertisements.Afterwardstheparticipantsexpressedloweredsatisfactionwiththeirownappearanceascomparingwithotherparticipantswhowerenotexposedtotheadvertisement.Anotherstudydemonstratedthatyoungwomen’sperceptionsoftheirownbodyshapesandsizes∧alteredafterthewomenhadviewedaslittleasthirtyminutesoftelevisionprogramming.
Self-esteemadvertisingattemptstochangepeople’sproductattitudesbystimulatingnegativefeelingsabouttheself.Onestrategyistochallengetheconsumer’sself-esteemandprovidearemedy.Forexample,anadvertisementforZestsoapsays,“You’renotfullcleanuntilyou’reZestfullyclean.”
Whenconsumerscomparetheiractualattributeswiththeiridealimageofthemselves,theirself-esteemoftensuffers.Consumersmightaskthemselvesquestionssuchas,“AmIasattractiveasIwouldliketobe?
”“DoImakemuchmoneyasIshould?
”
1.____to____
2.__which___
3.__shown___
4.__have____
5.___how____
6.___with____
7._compared__
8.__were_____
9._positive____
10.__fully____
B.
1.D2.C3.D4.B5.A
6.C7.B8.D9.C10.A
IV.Translation
Intheconsumptiondecisionmaking,individualmembersoffamiliesoftenservedifferentroles:
influencers,gatekeepers,deciders,buyers,preparers,users,maintainersanddisposers.Insomecasesasinglefamilymemberwillindependentlyassumeacoupleofroleswhileinothercasestheroleoftheuserofaproductisseparatefromthatofthedeciderorthebuyer.Acaseinpointisthathouseholdproductslikefoodandsoapsmaybepurchasedbyapersonbutconsumedbymany,whereaspersonalcareitems,suchascosmeticsorshavingcream,mightbepurchasedbyanindividualfamilymemberforhisorherownconsumption.Housesandcars,ontheotherhand,areoftendeterminedbyspouses,perhapswithinvolvementfromchildren.Asaresultthemarketersfrequentlyexaminetheattitudesandbehaviorsofthefamilymemberwhoisbelievedtobethedecisionmaker.It’salsoofsignificanceforthemarketerstoconsidertheattitudesandbehaviorofthepersonmostlikelytobetheprimaryuseroftheproductorservice.
TextB
Marketing’sImpactonConsumers
KeytoExercises
Comprehension&Appreciation
A.
1.D.2.B.3.B.4.A.5.C.6.D.
B.
1.在许多方面,我们受市场商人的“摆布”,我们依靠他们向我们兜售所谓的安全和放心的商品,依靠他们告诉我们产品的真实情况,依靠他们合理定价妥善发货。
2.音乐、电影、体育、图书及其他被大众市场消费的娱乐形式构成了流行文化。
流行文化既是营销产品也是市场商人的灵感所在。
3.我们无法忽视营销在创造与传播流行文化中的地位。
但很多人浑然不觉市场营销体系改变着他们的世界观,从电影、音乐符号、内饰、到其他人身上充满魅力的容貌。
4.实际上,很多消费者更易识别这些人物特征,而不是前总统、大财阀或世界领袖。
5.另一方面,伴随各种不同文化的产品与方式的融合,流行文化继续以新奇的方式发展。
Unit3Health
TextA
AModernEpidemic
KeytoExercises
II.Vocabulary
A.
1.vomit2.dramatic3.predisposition4.confines
5.novel6.hallmark7.ubiquitous8.avid
B.
1.outofsync2.accountfor3.trigger4. teemswith5.exposure
6.vigilance7.outgrow8.underlie9.take…outon10.ubiquitous
III.Grammar&Structure
A.
Butcontrarytowhatmanypeoplebelieve,anincreaseintakeofdairyproducts,iflow-fat(milk)orfull-fat(milkandcheese),hadaneutraleffectonweight.
Andalthoughconventionaladvicetoeatlessfat,weightlosswasgreatestamongpeoplewhoatemoreyogurtandnuts,includingpeanutbutter,overeachfour-yearperiod.
Nutsarehighinvegetablefat,andprevioussmallstudieshaveshownthateatingpeanutbuttercanhelppeoplegainweightandkeepitoff,probablybecauseitslowsthereturnofhunger.
∧Yogurt,amongallfoods,wasmoststronglylinkedtoweightlosswasthestudy’smostsurprisingdietaryfinding,theresearcherssaid.Participantswhoatelessyogurtlostanaverageof0.82poundeveryfouryears.
Yogurtcontainshealthfulbacteriathatinanimalstudiesincreaseproductionofintestinalhormonesthatenhancesatietyanddecreasehunger,Dr.Husaid.Thebacteriamayalsoraisethebody’smetabolicrate,makingweightcontroleasier.
But,consistencywiththenewstudy’sfindings,metabolismtakesahitfromrefinedcarbohydrates----sugarsandstarchesstrippedoftheirfiber,aswhiteflour.WhenDr.DavidLudwigofChildren’sHospitalBostoncomparedtheeffectsofrefinedcarbohydratestotheeffectsofwholegrainsinbothanimalsandpeople,hefoundthatmetabolism,whichdetermineshowmanycaloriesareusedatrest,slowedwiththeconsumptionofrefinedgrainsandstayedthesameafterconsumptionofwholegrains.
1._increased___
2.__whether___
3.__despite___
4.___lose____
5.___That___
6.___more___
7._consistent__
8.___like____
9.___with___
10.___but____
B.
1.C2.B3.D4.C5.D
6A7.C8.D9.A10.A
IV.Translation
Thehygienehypothesisholdsthatpeoplelivingintoosterileanenvironmentarenotexposedtoenoughpathogenstokeeptheimmunesystembusy.Sinceourbo
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