职称英语考试综合类B级真题及参考答案汇总.docx
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职称英语考试综合类B级真题及参考答案汇总.docx
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职称英语考试综合类B级真题及参考答案汇总
2013年职称英语考试综合类B级试题及参考答案
一、词汇选项
1.Comeout,orI’ll bust thedoordown.
AshutBbreak
CsetDbeat
2.Thepolicewillneedtokeepa wary eyeonthisareaoftown.
AnakedBblind
CcautiousDprivate
3.Therulesaretoo rigid toallowforhumanerror.
AgeneralBinflexible
CcomplexDdirect
4.Itseemed incredible thathehadbeenthereaweekalready.
ArightBunbelievable
CobviousDunclear
5.Theseanimals migrate southannuallyinsearchoffood.
AexploreBinhabit
CpreferDtravel
6.Rumorsbeganto circulate abouthisfinancialproblems.
AsendBhear
CconfirmDspread
7.She cameacross threechildrensleepingunderabridge.
AfoundbychanceBpassedby
CtookanoticeofDwokeup
8.Ihavelittleinformation asregards herfitnessforthepost.
AaboutBat
CwithDfrom
9.Asapolitician,heknowshowto manipulate publicopinion.
AexpressBdivide
CinfluenceDvoice
10.Hewas tempted bythehighsalaryofferedbythecompany.
AtaughtBkept
CchangedDattracted
11.Hepaused,waitingforherto digest theinformation.
AwithholdBexchange
CunderstandDcontact
12.Makesurethetableissecurely anchored.
ArepairedBcleared
CbookedDfixed
13.Shegets aggressive whensheisdrunk.
AoffensiveBworried
CsleepyDanxious
14.Therewassomething peculiar inthewayhesmiles.
AdifferentBstrange
CwrongDfunny
15.Thecontractbetweenthetwocompanieswill expire soon.
AshortenBend
CstartDresume
参考答案:
BCBBDDAACDCDABB
第二部分阅读判断
Kickingthehabit
Whatisabadhabit?
Themostcommondefinitionisthatitissomethingthatwedoregularly,almostwithoutthinkingaboutit,andwhichhassomesortofnegativeconsequence.Thisconsequencecouldaffectthosearoundus,oritcouldaffectuspersonally.Thosewhodenyhavingbadhabitsareprobablylying.Badhabitarepartofwhatmakesushuman.
Manyearlyhabits,likesuckingoutthumb,arebrokenwhenweareveryyoung.Weareeithertoldtostopdoingitbyourparents,orweconsciouslyorsubconsciouslyobservethatothersdonothavethesamehabit,andwegraduallygrowoutofit.Itiswhenweintentionallyorunintentionallypickupnewhabitsinourlaterchildhoodorearlyadulthoodthatitbecomesaproblem.Unlesswecanbreakthathabitearlyon,itbecomesapartofoutlife,andbecomes“programmed”intoourbrain.
Arecentstudyofhumanmemorysuggeststhatnomatterhowhardwetrytochangeourhabits,itistheoldwaysthattendtowin,especiallyinsituationswherewearerushed,stressedoroverworked.Habitsthatwethoughtwehadgotridofcansuddenlycomeback.Duringthestudyprogram,theresearchersshowedagroupofvolunteersseveralpictures,andgavethemwordstoassociatewiththem.Theythenshowedthevolunteersthesamepictureagain,andgavethemnewwordstoassociatewiththem,
Afewdayslater,thevolunteersweregivenatest.Theresearchersshowedthemthepictures,andtoldthemtorespondwithoneofthewordstheyhadbeengivenforeachone.Itcameasnosurprisethattheiranswersweresplitbetweenthefirstsetofwordsandthesecond.Twoweekslater,theyweregiventhesametestagain.Thistime,mostofthemonlygavethefirstsetofwords.Theyappearedtohavecompletelyforgottenthesecondset.
Thestudyconfirmsthattheresponseswelearnfirstarethosethatremainstrongestovertime.Wemaytrytochangeoutways,butafterawhile,theresponsethatcomestomindfirstisusuallythefirstonewelearned.Themorethatresponseisused,themoreautomaticitbecomesandtheharderitbecomestorespondinanyotherway.
Thestudythereforesuggeststhatovertime,ourbadhabitsalsobecomeautomatic,learnedbehavior.Thisisnotgoodnewsforpeoplewhopickupbadhabitsearlyinlifeandnowwanttochangeorbreakthem.Evenwhenwetrytoputnew,goodintentionsintopractice,thosepreviouslylearnedhabitsremainstrongerinmoreautomatic,unconsciousformsofmemory.
16.Boysusuallydevelopbadhabitswhentheyareveryyoung.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
17.Wecanonlybreakbadhabitsifotherstellustodoso.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
18.Badhabitsmayreturnwhenweareunderpressure.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
19.Researchersweresurprisedbytheanswerthatthevolunteersgaveinthefirsttest.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
20.Thevolunteersfoundthetestmoredifficultwhentheydiditthe secondtime.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
21.Thestudysuggeststhatitismoredifficulttorespondtowhatwelearnfirst.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
22.Ifwedevelopbadhabitsearlyinlife,theyarehardertogetridof.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
参考答案:
ABABCBA
第3部分:
概括大意与完成句子(第23~30题,每题1分,共8分):
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:
(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题;
(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
TrafficJams—NoEndInSight
1Trafficcongestion(拥堵)affectspeoplethroughouttheworld.Trafficjamscausesmogindozensofcitiesacrossboththedevelopedanddevelopingworld.IntheU.S.,commuters(通勤人员)spendanaverageofafullworkingweekeachyearsittingintrafficjams,accordingtotheTexasTransportationInstitute.Whilealternativewaysofgettingaroundareavailable,mostpeoplestillchoosetheircarsbecausetheyarelookingforconvenience,comfortandprivacy.
2Themostpromisingtechniqueforreducingcitytrafficiscalledcongestionpricing,wherebycitieschargeatolltoentercertainpartsoftownatcertaintimesofday.Intheory,ifthetollishighenough,somedriverswillcanceltheirtripsorgobybusortrain.Andinpracticeitseemstowork:
Singapore,LondonandStockholmhavereducedtrafficandpollutionincitycentresthankstocongestionpricing.
3Anotherwaytoreducerush-hourtrafficisforemployerstoimplementflextime,whichletsemployeestraveltoandfromworkatoff-peaktraffictimestoavoidtherushhour.Thosewhohavetotravelduringbusytimescandotheirpartbysharingcars.Employerscanalsoallowmorestafftotelecommute(workfromhome)soastokeepmorecarsofftheroadaltogether.
4Someurbanplannersstillbelievethatthebestwaytoeasetraffic congestionistobuildmoreroads,especiallyroadsthatcantakedriversaroundorovercrowdedcitystreets.Butsuchtechniquesdonotreallykeepcarsofftheroad;theyonlyaccommodatemoreofthem.
5Other,moreforward-thinking,plannersknowthatmoreandmoredriversandcarsaretakingtotheroadseveryday,andtheyareunwillingtoencouragemoreprivateautomobileswhenpublictransportissomuchbetterbothforpeopleandtheenvironment.Forthisreason,theAmericangovernmenthasdecidedtospendsome$7billiononhelpingtoincreasecapacityonpublic-transportsystemsandupgradethemwithmoreefficienttechnologies.Butenvironmentalistscomplainthatsuchfundingistinycomparedwiththe$50billionbeingspentonroadsandbridges.
23.Paragraph1____
24.Paragraph2____
25.Paragraph3____
26.Paragraph4____
参考答案:
23-26:
a、e、c、d
A.Notdoingenough
B.Aglobalproblem
C.Changingworkpractice
D.Asolutionwhichisnosolution
E.Payingtogetin
F.Closingcitycentrestotraffic
27.MostAmericandriversthinkitconvenientto______
28.Ifchargedhighenough,somedriversmay______toentercertainpartsoftown.
29.Buildingmoreroadsisnotaneffectivewayto______
30.TheU.S.governmenthasplannedto______updatingpublic-transportsystems.
参考答案:
27—30:
c、a、e、d
a.gobybus
b.encouragemoreprivatecars
c.drivearound
d.spendmoremoney
e.reducetrafficjams
f.travelregularly
第4部分:
阅读理解(第31-45题,每题3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇OperationMigration
IfyoulookupattheskyintheearlyfallinthenorthernpartofNorthAmerica,youmayseegroupsofbirds.Thesebirdsareflyingsouthtoplaceswheretheycanfindfoodandwarmthforthewinter.Theyaremigrating(迁徙).Theyoungbirdsusuallylearntomigratefromtheirparents.Theyfollowtheirparentssouth.Inoneunusualcase,however,theyoungbirdsarefollowingsomethingverydifferent.Thesebirdsareyoungwhoopingcranes,andtheyarefollowinganairplane!
ThewhoopingcraneisthelargestbirdthatisnativetoNorthAmerica.Thesebirdsalmostdisappearedinthe1800s.By1941,therewereonlyabout20cranesalive.Inthe1970s,peoplewereworriedthatthesecreatureswereindangerofdisappearingcompletely.Asaresult,theUnitedStatesidentifiedwhoopingcranesasanendangeredspeciesthattheyneededtoprotect.
Someresearcherstriedtohelp.Theybegantobreedwhoopingcranesinspecialparkstoincreasethenumberofbirds.Thisplanwassuccessful.Therewerealotofnewbabybirds.Asthebirdsbecameolder,theresearcherswantedtoreturnthemtonature.However,therewasaproblem:
Theseyoungbirdsdidnotknowhowtomigrate.Theyneededhumanhelp.
In2001,somepeoplehadacreativeidea.Theyformedanorganization calledOperationMigration.Thisgroupdecidedtouseverylightairplanes,insteadofbirds,toleadtheyoungwhoopingcranesontheirfirsttripsouth.Theypaintedeachairplanetolooklikeawhoopingcrane.Eventhepilotsworespecialclothingtomakethemlooklikecranes.Thecranesbegantotrusttheairplanes,andtheplanworked.
Today,planesstillleadbirdsacrossapproximately1,200miles(1,931kilometers),fromtheUnitedStates-CanadianbordertotheGulfofMexico.Theyleavethebirdsatdifferentsites.Ifatripissuccessful,thebirdscantravelontheirowninthefuture.Then,whenthesebirdsbec
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