春季教案高一第十一讲动词不定式.docx
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春季教案高一第十一讲动词不定式.docx
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春季教案高一第十一讲动词不定式
第十一讲动词不定式
姓名:
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年级:
【学习目标】
掌握非谓语动词的基本用法。
非谓语动词包括不定式,现在分词,过去分词,动名词。
学习重点在于要知道哪些动词后面接不定式,哪些动词后面接动名词。
【知识要点】
1、非谓语动词的句法功能
名称
语法功能
主语
宾语
宾语补足语
表语
定语
状语
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
动名词
√
√
√
√
现在分词
√
√
√
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过去分词
√
√
√
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非谓语动词的否定式都是在非谓语动词前加not构成。
如:
Hedecidednottodoit.他决定不做那件事。
Nothavingfinishedhiswork,Icouldn’tgotoseethefilmwithyou.
因为没有做完作业,所以我不能和你去看电影。
Heaskedmenottotouchthismachine.他叫我别碰这台电脑。
动词不定式
不定式的形式:
todosth
否定式:
not+(to)do
(1)作主语(相当于名词或代词的作用)
Toseeistobelieve.(百闻不如一见)
(2)★:
下列词语常不定式作宾语:
afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、wait,fail、plan、agree、forget、remember,like、prefer、decide、manage、attempt,mean,intend,agree,try、arrange、determine、desire,pretend等.
下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式:
know,teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。
eg;Idon’tknowwhattodo.
(3)不定式作宾补。
①省略to的动词有feel、hear、listento、make、let、have、see、watch、notice、observe(一感,二听,三让,四看)等的宾补用动词原形,变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。
eg:
Isawhimcameintothebuilding.(主动)
Hewasseentocomeintothebuilding.(被动)
②常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况:
主语+ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/like/warn/encourge/inspire/invite+sb.todosth.
③主语+think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/
consider/feel+sb.+tobe/tohavedone
④主语+callon/upon/dependon/waitfor/askfor+sb.+todosth.
(4)不定式作定语的特殊用法。
①下列词语后常接不定式作定语:
chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、thefirst、thesecond、thelast、theonly等。
Hegotachancetoenterintouniversity.
②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。
Thereisnoonetolookafterher.
③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系,而且不定式中的动词为不及物动词时,其后应跟必要的介词。
Sheisnowlookingforaroomtolivein.
Pleasegivemeachairtositon.
(5)不定式作状语的用法。
不定式作状语,修饰动词,在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。
onlytodo表示出人意料的结果。
Wehurriedtotheclassroomonlytofindnonethere.
inorder(not)to,soas(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough,too,so…astodo,such+名词…astodo作结果状语,如:
Thegirlwassokindastohelptheoldmanoffthebus.
I’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.
(6)不定式的完成时的特殊用法。
①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。
Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.
Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears.
seem、appear、besaid、besupposed、bebelieved、bethought、beknown、bereported等动词常用于上面句型。
此外,glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时,但要注意与一般时的区别。
I’msorrytokeepyouwaitingforaminute.对不起,请稍等。
(说话时还未等)
I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.对不起,让你久等了。
(说话时已等了很久)
②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。
(A)shouldliketo/wouldliketo/wouldloveto+不定式的完成时。
(B)was/wereto+不定式的完成时,表示该做某事或想做但未实现。
(C)expect/hope/mean/promise/suppose/think/want/wish+不定式完成时,表示过去未曾实现的愿望。
(7)不定式的省略。
①同一结构并列由and或or连接。
Iwanttofinishmyhomeworkandgohome.
I’mreallypuzzledwhattothinkorsay.
特例:
Tobeornottobe,thatisaquestion.
Heisbettertolaughthantocry.(表示对比)
②不定式作表语,其前面的主语从句中含有do时,后面的to省略。
Whathedidwaslosethegame.
③句中含有动词do时,but、except、besides、suchas等后面to可省略。
即“前有do,后省to”。
Don’tdoanythingsilly,suchasmarryhim.
④主句含有不定式,后面有ratherthan后省to。
⑤★Whynot、hadbetter、wouldrather、can’tbut(不得不)等词后省to。
如:
Hecouldnotbutwalkhome.
(8)不定式的替代。
多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中,为了避免重复,作宾语或主补,宾补的不定式再次出现时,to后的内容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。
但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式,后应该保留原形be或have。
如:
Susanisnotwhatsheusedtobe.
—Youcamelatelastnight.Yououghttohavefinishedyourhomework.
—IknowIoughttohave.
常见的有:
I’dlike/love/behappyto.
(9)下列情况需要注意:
①不定式作定语修饰的名词作give,have,get,buy,lend,want等动词的宾语且句中有不定式的逻辑主语时,有时有被动意义。
eg:
Pleasegivemesomethingtoeat.
Ihavealotofworktodo.
②不定式tolet(出租),toblame(责备)常用主动形式表被动。
eg:
Thehouseistolet.
Whoistoblameforit?
③注意区别作为不定式符号“to”与介词to.
Iamlookingforwardtoseeingyousoon..我期望尽快见到你。
(to为介词)
Weareusedtolivingthisarea.我们习惯了在这个地方生活。
(to为介词)
Iusedtogetupat6:
oo.我过去常常六点起床。
(to为不定式符号)
常用的以介词to结尾的短语如下:
lookforwardto期待objectto反对rejectto反对
be(get)usedto习惯于beaddictedto(沉迷于)devoted…to把…献给
leadto导致prefer…to更喜欢referto谈到
④常见的作独立成分的不定式短语:
totellthetruth,tobehonest(说实话),tobeginwith,tostartwith(开始),tobefrank(坦白的说)eg:
Totellthetruth,Idon’tlikehim.说句实话,我不喜欢他。
【典型例题】
1.Whenaskedbythepolice,hesaidthatheremembered__________attheparty,butnot__________.
A.toarrive,leavingB.toarrive,toleave
C.arriving,leavingD.arriving,toleave
解析:
答案为C.
2.Don'tsitthere________nothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.
A.doB.todoC.doingD.anddoing
解析:
答案为A.
【经典练习】Practicemakesperfect
Ⅰ.语法练习
1.ThereismorelandinAustralianthanthegovernmentknows________?
A.whattodowithB.howtodoC.todowithitD.todoit
2.Paulsaid,“Givemeachair_____,please.”
A.tositB.sitC.sitonD.tositon
3.---Ididn’thearyoucomemeinlastnight.
---That’sgood.Wetried_____noisy.
A.notbeB.nottobeC.tobenotD.tonotbe
4.Thelostchilddesirednothingbut______home.
A.goB.togoC.goingD.going
5.Thatboxis________.
A.tooheavyformetocarryB.toheavyformetocarry
C.soheavyformetocarryD.veryheavyformetocarry
6.MrWhitewasseen________thePalaceMuseum.
A.toB.tooC.todoD.togoto
7.HeaskedMary_______thehouse.
A.toopenthedoorandgointoB.toopenthedoorandtogointo
C.openthedoorandtogointoD.openthedoorandinto
8.It’sveryeasy________so.
A.foryoutosayB.ofyoutosay
C.withyousayingD.inyoursaying
9.---Thelightintheofficeisstillon.
---Oh,Iforget_______.
A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff
10.—Iusuallygotherebytrain.
—Whynot_______byboatforachange.
A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing
11.Hehurriedtothestationonly______thatthetrainhadleft.
A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound
12.Mysister’sprofessorhadher______herpapermanytimesbeforeallowinghertopresentittothecommittee.
A.rewrittenB.torewriteC.rewriteD.rewriting
13.Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately______intimeforChristmas.
A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceive
C.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceiving
14._______theempioyees’workingefficiency,thesupervisorwillallowthemtohaveacoffeebreak.A.ImprovingB.ToimproveC.HavingimprovedD.Improved
15.WhatIwanttoknowwaswhenandwherethemeeting________.
A.washoldingB.holdingC.wastoholdD.wastobeheld
16.Thisbookissaid________intodozensoflanguagesinthelastdecade.
A.tohavebeentranslatedB.totranslate
C.tobetranslateD.tohavetranslated
17.—WhatshallItellthem,Mr.Laver?
—You_______thatI’llseethemnow.
A.hadbettertellB.hadbettersay
C.hadbettertotellD.hadbettertosay
18.Thegrasshasgrownalotthispastweek,itneeds________.
A.cutB.tobecutC.thatwecutD.tocut
19.Shehadnothinginmindexcept________herpersonalpower.
A.toachieveB.achievementC.achievingD.achieved
20.It’snevertooold_______.
A.tolearnB.forlearnC.tobelearnedD.tohavebelearned
Ⅱ.语法填空
Manypeoplearewonderingifitissafetotalkonthecellphoneswhiledriving.Mostofpeoplethinkthattheuseofcellphonesshould1(ban)whiletheyaredriving,2inthatcaseaccidentscaneasilyhappen.
Agrowingnumberofstatesaremakingrulestokeepyoungdrivers3usingcellphoneswhiletheyaredriving.Whenthereis4caraccident,policeofficerswillfindout5anyofthedriversisusingacellphone.Therehavebeensomeverybadcaraccidents6(cause)bydriversbeingdistractedbycellphones.
Driverssometimesforgettowatchtheroad7(careful)whentheyareusingtheirphones.8payingattentiontotheroadcanbedangerous,evendeadly.
Itisimportantfordriverstofocus9theroad.Theyneedtopayattentionto10isgoingonaroundthem.So,stopusingyourcellphoneswhiledriving.
1.because
2.bebanned
3.from
4.a
5.if/whether
6.caused
7.carefully
8.Not
9.on
10.what
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Weareallcalledupontomakeaspeechatsomepointinlife,butmostofusdon’tdoaverygoodjob.Thisarticlegivessomesuggestionsonhowtogiveaneffectivespeech.
So,youhavetogiveaspeech—andyouareterrified.Yougetnervous,youforgetwhatyouwanttosay,youstumbleoverwords,youtalktoolong,andyouboreyouraudience.Lateryouthink,“ThankGoodness,it’sover.I’mjustnotgoodatpublicspeaking.IhopeIneverhavetodothatagain.”
Cheerup!
Itdoesn’thavetobethatbad.Herearesomesimplestepstotakethepainoutofspeechmaking.Askyourselfthepurposeofyourspeech.Whatistheoccasion?
Whyareyouspeaking?
Then,gatherasmanyfactsasyoucanonyoursubject.Spendplentyofyourtimedoingyourresearch.Thenspendplentyofyourtimeorganizingyourmaterialsothatyourspeechisclearandeasytofollow.Useasmanyexamplesaspossible,andusepictures,charts,andgraphsiftheyhelpyoumakeyourpointsmoreclearly.Neverforgetyouraudience.Don’ttalkovertheirheads,anddon’ttalkdowntothem.Treatyouraudiencewithrespect.Theywillappreciateyourthoughtfulness.
Justremember:
Beprepared.Knowyoursubject,youraudience,andtheoccasion.Bebrief.Saywhatyouhavetosayandthenstop.Andbeyourself.Letyourpersonalitycomethroughsothatyoumakeperson-to-personcontactwithyouraudience.
Ifyoufollowthesesimplesteps,youwillseethatyoudon’thavetobeafraidofpublicspeaking.Infact,youmayfindtheexperiencesoenjoyablethatyouvolunteertomakemorespeeches!
You’renotconvincedyet?
Giveitatryandseewhathappens.
41.Themainideaofthisarticleis.
A.thatyoucanimproveyourspeakingability
B.thatapoorspeakercanneverchange
C.toalwaysmakeashortspeech
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