11An Iowa Christmas.docx
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11An Iowa Christmas.docx
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11AnIowaChristmas
LessonElevenAnIowaChristmas
Objectives
Toenablethestudents
1)tohaveabetterunderstandingofChristmasbymakingcomparisonbetweenChristmasandSpringFestival(traditionsandcustoms,changes)
2)Towriteanarticlebyimitatingthewriter’scleverstructureandvividlanguage.
TimeAllotment
Theteachingplanwillbecarriedoutwithin8periods.
BackgroundInformation
AbouttheAuthor
PaulEngle:
(1908—1991)Americanpoet,educatorandeditor.HewasthefounderoftheWriters’WorkshopattheUniversityofIowa.Hepublishedhisfirstbookofpoetry,AmericanSongin1934andsincethen,hisworkhasappearedinprintcontinuouslyandinvariousplaces,fromprofessionalandeducationaljournalstowidelydistributedtravel,popularhistory,andwomen’smagazines.AmonghisworksareCorn(1939),acollectionof20poemsandGoldenChild(1960),libretto脚本foraChristmasopera.
AbouttheStory
1.Whenwasthetimesettingofthestory?
Howdoyouknow?
Thestorywassetinthemid1910s,whichcanbeinferredfromPara.4,wheretheauthormentionsthatthewalnuttreeswerecutdownayearlatertobemadeintogunstocksfortheFirstWorldWar.TheUnitedStatesdidn'tgointoWWIuntil1917,aftertheZimmerman'sNoteandthesinkingofAmericanshipsbyGermansubmarines.
2.Theauthorusestheparallelpatternof"thereareno...anymore"totellthestoryandtogivevividdescriptionsofhowpeopleintheruralWestcelebratedChristmasinthemid1910swhenhewasaboyofeight.HisregretfultoneimpliesthatthiswasnolongerthewaysChristmaswascelebratedinthe1950swhenhewrotethearticle.AlotofchangeshavetakenplaceintheU.S.overtheyears.Theauthor'sattitudetowardthesechangesisclear-----helongstogobacktothedayswheneverythingwassimple,easy,andclosertonature.
BythetimetheFirstWorldWarstarted,theU.S.hadbeentransformedfromaruralcountryintoanurbanstate.Thefrontierhadvanished.Greatfactoriesandsteelmills,transcontinentalrailroadlines,flourishingcitiesandvastagriculturalholdingsnowmarkedtheland.Withtheeconomicgrowthandaffluence,however,camecorrespondingproblems.Nationwidebusinesseshadcometodominatewholeindustries;workingconditionswereoftenpoor;citieshadgrownsoquicklytheycouldnotproperlyhouseorgoverntheirgrowingpopulations.Internationally,theU.S.hadbecomemoreandmoreinvolvedinworldconflicts.Betweenthe1910sandthe1950s,theU.S.experiencedtwoworldwarsandtheGreatDepression.ButprosperityreturnedtoAmericainthepostwarera,andtheGNPnearlydoubledbetween1945and1960.
3.ComparisonofChristmascelebrationbetween1910’sand1950’s//HowdidpeoplecelebratecChristmasin1910and1950:
1)industrialization,railroad,transportation,ruralstates2)progressivism,trust,but,isolation3)in1950’s,afterWWII,economyflourished,consumerism,commerciallyoriented,mainfeatureof1950’s,culture,packagefood,babyboom,rockmusic,popmusicetc.
DetailedStudyoftheText
Para1thefunctionofPara.1:
Para.1connectstheusualChristmascelebrationwiththeauthor'sownexperience.Bells,whichwouldarousethefondmemoriesofmanyAmericans,arealsoessentialtotheChristmascelebrationoftheregionwheretheauthorspenthischildhood.Theirwayoftransportation,bobsledspulledbyhorses,wassuggestiveofthetimeaswellastheplaceoftheevent--ittookplaceinthemid-westerncountrysideintheearly20thcentury.
1.Christmas:
ChristmasistheWesternfestivaltocelebratethebirthofLordJesusChrist.Millionsheartheoft-toldtalesofshepherdskeepingwatchintheirfieldsbynight,theMagi(东方三博士,即寻访初生基督的三博士)andthestar,andthebirthoftheChristchild.,MillionofAmericanshavegrownupwithfondmemoriesofChristmastrees,bulgingstockings,gailywrappedgifts,jollyoldSantaClaus,theRed-nosedReindeer,Christmascarols,turkeyorgoosedinners,mistletoe,etc.Itiscelebratedinmanycountriesbutcelebrationvariesfromcountrytocountry.
Yetnowadaysitsreligiousmeaningisdiminishing.Inotherwords,youdon’thavetobeaChristiantocelebrateChristmas.Ithasbecometheoccasiontoextendblessingstothebelovedones,toexpressgoodwillandgratefulness,tosendseasongreetingstofarawayfriends,ortodonatetotheunderprivileged.NowChristmasisamajorcommercialseason,contributinggreatlytoannualsalesvolume.Shopsaregailydecorated;promotionstartslongbeforetheholidayseason;andmillionsplungeintothefloodtideofshopping.Giftsaregivenandreceived,butfewwouldbehandmade;dinnersareheld,butfewwouldbemadefromproducefromone’sowngardenandfarm.SosomearguethatthetraditionsofChristmasaredisappearing.Intoday’sincreasingindustrializedsociety,theChristmascelebrationasdescribedinthetextisbecomingrare.
2.S3Mybellswereonmyfather'steamofhorsesashedroveuptoourhorse-headedhitchingpostwiththebobsledthatwouldtakeustocelebrateChristmasonthefamilyfarmtenmilesoutinthecountry.Notethewaytheauthornarrowsdownthebell:
thesoundofbells---sleighbells,notchurchbells----mybellsonmyfather'steamofhorses.Itgoesfromgeneraltospecific,fromimpersonaltopersonal.
Horse-headed:
havingtheshapeofahorsehead
Hitchingpost:
aposttowhichananimal,especiallyahorse,ishitched
3.MyfatherwouldbringtheteamdownFifthAvenueatasmarttrot,flickinghiswhipoverthehorses'rumpsandmakingthebellsdoubletheirlight,thinjanglingoverthesnow,whoseradiancethrewbackabrilliancelikethesoundofbells:
Myfathercausedthehorsestomovequicklydowntheroad,hittingtheirhindpartwithalight,quickblow.Thebellsranglightlyandquickly,butnotnecessarilyharmoniously,overthesnow,whichinturnthrewbackabrightnessthatwaslikethesoundofbells.
Whoseradiancethrewbackabrilliancelikethesoundofbell:
it'squiteunusualtocompareacolor,inthiscasethebrightnessofthesnow,toasound,inthiscasethelight,clearandabitsharpsoundofbells
Para2
1.S1....thewholefamilypilingintothebobsledwithafootofgoldenoatstrawtolieinandheavy
Buffalorobestolieunder,thehorsesstampingthesoftsnowandateverymotionoftheirhoofsthebellsjingling,jingling.
Withafootofgoldenoatstrawtolieinandheavybuffalorobestolieunder:
Thewholefamilysqueezedintothelimitedspaceofabobsled,sinkingintoathickpileofoatandcoveredbywarmbuffalorobes.ThisisascenetypicaloffarmersintheruralWest.Notehowtheauthorchoosestypicallittleincidentstogivethereadersafeeloftheruralenvironment.
2.LsItalwaystroubledmeasaboyofeightthatthehorseshadsoindifferentaviewoftheirlatefriendappearingasawarmovercoatonthebackofthemanwhoputtheironbitintheirmouths.
Theauthorisrecallinghispuzzleandbewildermentasalittleboyoverthehorses'indifferencetowardstheirdeadfriend,whosehidehadnowturnedintotheman'sovercoat.Itwashardfortheboytounderstandwhythehorsesdidnotknoworcarethattheovercoatcamefromthehideoftheirfriend.Andthesamemanhadalsoputametalbarintheirmouthstocontrolthem.Theauthorisbeinghumoroushere.Theword"trouble"isusedinahumorouswaysinceaboyofeightwouldnotthinksoseriouslyaboutthis.
Ironhit:
themetalmouthpieceofabridle,servingtocontrolordirectananimal.马勒,用于控制约束和驾御牲畜
Para.31.Therearenostreetslikethoseanymore:
thesnowsensiblyleftontheroadforthesakeofsleighsandeasytravel:
Whyistheword"sensibly"usedhere?
Nowadayssnowwillbequicklyclearedawaysoastomaketrafficeasy,butatthattime,snowwouldbekeptontheroadsothatsleighscouldmoveeasily,which,accordingtotheauthor,makesgoodsense.
2.LsTherewouldbeanoccasionalbrass-mountedautomobilelaboringonitsnarrowtiresandasoftenasnotpulleduptheslipperyhillsbyahorse,andwewouldpassitwithatriumphantshoutforanawkwardnuisancewhichwasobviouslynotheretostay:
Onourway,fromtimetotime,wewouldcomeacrossacarmovingslowlyandcarefullyoverthepackedsnow.Ithaddifficultyclimbinguphills,whichwereslipperywiththesnow,soitwasoftenpulledupbyahorse.Theautomobile,totheboy,wasoutofplacethere.Heconsidereditsomethingclumsyandsillythatdisturbedthesimple,quietandrusticsettingoftheearlytwentiethcenturyNorthwesterncountryside.Hedidn'tthinkhighlyofthepeoplesittinginsideiteither,who,accordingtohim,wantedtoshowoff.
Brass-mounted:
brass:
(slang)high-rankingmilitaryofficersorotherhighofficials;mounted:
seatedonhorseback,abicycle,etc.Hereitreferstotheofficialsofthetownsittinginsidetheautomobile
Para4LsMygrandfatherhadbeengivensomeofthatlandasbountylandforserviceasacavalrymanintheCivilWar:
SomeofthelandwasgiventomygrandfatherasafreegiftbecausehehadfoughtintheCivilWarasacavalryman.
Paras5Nearthelowhouseonthehill,withoaksononesideandappletreesontheother,myfatherwouldstandup,flourishhiswhip,andbringthebobsledrightuptothedoorofthehousewithaburstofspeed:
It'ssurprisinghowpeoplerememberdetails.Severaldecadeslater,theauthorcouldstillnametwospecifickindsoftreesneartheplace.Oaktreesarecommoninthestatesandareoftenassociatedwithhometowns,thusevokingasenseofnostalgia.
Para6howdidtheauthordescribetheirarrivalatthefarm?
Theauthorgaveadetailedaccountoftheirarrivalwithafocusofthesounds,forexample,ringingbells,whinnyinghorses,
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