Reference for TeachingUnit1 Cultural relics.docx
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Reference for TeachingUnit1 Cultural relics.docx
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ReferenceforTeachingUnit1Culturalrelics
ReferenceforTeaching
Ⅰ.Someculturalrelicsintheworld:
1.TheUSA’sGrandCanyon
AfamousAmericanJohnMuirsaidin1898:
“TheGrandCanyon...asunearthlyinthecolorandgrandeurandquantityofitsarchitectureasifyouhadfounditafterdeathonsomeotherstar.”
LikeMuir,thoseofuswhostandalongtherimarepromptedtowonderabouttheunearthlinessandtheforcesthatcreatedandarestillchangingthisplace.
Aftermorethan100yearsofstudies,manythingsarestillobscure.Todayvisitorscomebythethousands—thegreatandsimpleoftheearth—allinaspiritofmarvel.TravelerscomefromeverystateoftheUnion,fromeverycountryinEuropeandAsia,pilgrimstoashrinethatisthesameasthecreed.
Fromthedepthsofthecanyoncomeswellingsilence.Seldomcanyouheartheroaroftheriver.Youcannotcatchthepatter.Likeapplause,fromtheleavesofthecottonwoodsontheshelf-likeplateaubelowyou.Forallsoundsareswallowedinthisgulfofspace.“Itmakesonewanttomurmur,”awomanoncewhisperedtohercompanion.Thissilenceisnotthesilenceofdeath;rather,itisapresence.Itislikeagreatpieceofmusic.Butmusicmadeofmanworksuptoaclimaxandceases;theGrandCanyonisallclimax,achordechoingintoeternity.
PerhapsthemostspectacularfeatureoftheGrandCanyon,itsRedwalllimestonecliff,standsabouthalfwayupthechasmandispracticallyvertical.Itsaverageheightis550feet—almostexactlythatoftheWashingtonMonument.Thoughitisactuallygray-bluelimestone,thesurfaceofthecliffhasbeenstainedtoasunsethuebyironsaltswashingoutoftherocks.AbovetheRedwallcomealternatinglayersofredsandstoneandshale1000feetthick,thencomesthenextpale-bluelayer.Thetopmostlayersareayellowishlimestone.
Now,visitorstotheSouthRimalonemaynumber18000inasingleday.SomeofthatnumberwilltravelbymuletraindownBrightAngelTrailtothecanyon’sfloor,crosstheragingriverbyasuspensionbridgeandamounttotheNorthRim.
Thoughthetworimsfaceeachotheracrossonly12miles,itisajourneyof214milesbycarfromonetotheother.NorcanyouvisittheNorthRimexceptinsummer,some1200feethigherthantheSouthRim,itissnowcoveredmuchoftheyearexceptinJulyandAugust.
ButthereisnodaythatyoumaynotvisittheSouthRimandfindthesunwarmonyourfaceandtheairperfumedwiththeincenseofsmokefromanIndianhearth.TheGrandCanyonisanunearthlysight.NowonderanAmericanwriterandjournalistsaid,“Icamehereanatheist,anddepartedadevoutbeliever.”
2.TheTajMahal
Theloversinthisstoryarethe17thcenturyindianemperorshahjehan(shahjuh-han)andhiswifemumtazmahal(moo-mtazmay-hal).“Thisissomethingunique,Ishouldsay,foranemperorinthiscase,hereallylovedher.”Shetookaleadingroleinadvisinghim,whichissomethinguniqueforawomantodoforahusbandwho’sanemperor.Overthecourseoftheirnineteenyearmarriageshegavebirthto14children,butin1631whiletryingtodelivertheirfifteenth—shetragicallydied.Hewasheartbrokenwhenshedied,andafterherdeath,hedecidedtobuildtheworld’sgreatestmonumenteverbuilt,forlove.Heorderedtheroyalarchitectstodesignthemostbeautifulbuildingtheworldhasknownanddecidedtonameitafterhisbeloved,mumtazmahal.Hesummonedtwenty-thousandlaborersandsentcaravanstoallcomersofhisempireinsearchofpreciousmetalsandgems.Imaginetheamountoftimethesepeoplehavetakentomakethesethings.Youknow,Imean,byhand.Andafterseventeenyearsofconstruction,shahjehan’smonumentwascompletedandhisbelovedempresswasmovedtoherfinalrestingplace.Everythinghadgoneaccordingtoplan,butshahjehan’sluckwasabouttochange...in1658,justfouryearsafterthecompletionofthetajmahal,hewasthrownoutofpower.Unfortunately,hisson,AranAzibeimprisonedhim,hisownfather.Andthelastsevenyearsofhislifehespentinprison.AndhewasallowedtolookatTajMahalthroughawindow.Iamsurehewasthinkingabouthiswifeandtheromancetheyhad.And,hewasheartbroken.Hislifewasinruins,butwhenhediedhisultimatewishwasgranted...hewasburiedbesidehisbelovedwifeinthetajmahal.Fordevotingthewealthandpowerofanempiretolove,thetajmahalrestsatnumbersixonourcountdown.
3.Pyramids
Ittookthemonly400yearstogetfromnothingtothebiggestandwithinashorttimeyougotpharaohsbuildingthebiggestthingseverbuiltonearth.Built4000yearsago,thethreegreatpyramidsatGiza,intheeEgyptiandesertremainthemostcolossalbuildingseverconstructed.It’sastatementforthepresentandit’sastatementfortheagesaren’twegreat.Wehavethisgreatruler.Webuildthesemightyworks.Asananthropologistandauthor,jareddiamondhasalwaysbeenfascinatedbygreatcivilizations.IcantellyouwithdeadcertaintywhathappenedasifIhadbeentheremyself.Hereyou’vegotthisstatethat’sjustformedanditdoesn’tyethaveabigarmyandit’sgottobeabletoimpressthesurroundingpeoplewithoutyethavingthebigarmy.What’sitgoingtodo?
Well,onethingtodoistobuildsomethingbigthatreallyshowsoffyourpower.ThatmessageisstillloudandcleartodayontheoutskirtsofthesprawlingEgyptiancapitol,Cairo,wheremodernskyscrapersseemdwarfedbythesegiganticmonumentstothepowerofthepharaohs.ThepyramidswerebuiltbyEgyptiansundertheordersoftheEgyptianleader,whosetitlewaspharaokWhatwecallthemtodayisthe4thdynasty.Therewasasequenceofpharaohsculminatingaround2615B.C.withthepharaohCheopswhobuiltthebiggestthingeverbuilt,theGreatPyramid.Alsoknownaskhu-fu,thismassivestructurewastheslamdunkofpyramidbuildingandnofuturePharoahevertriedtomatchit.Onceyou’veputthisbigthingup,Cheopshasbuiltapyramid770feetononesideand481feettall,whatisthenextguygoingtodo.Ishegoingtobuildapyramidamilelongandtwomileshigh?
Impossible.Youstopcompeting.Howancientbuildersmanagedtobuildthesemassivestructureshasneverbeenfullyansweredbuttheeffortclearlyrequiredbrainsandbrawn.Wasthereengineeringgeniusinvolved?
Yes,therewas.Forexample,whenyou’reputtingtheblockrightatthetop,howareyougoingtolugablockofstonethatweighsseveraltons480feetupastructure.Howareyougoingtodoitatall,andhowareyougoingtodoitwithoutleavingscratchesonalltherestofthestructure.Andhowmanypeopledoesittaketodragablockweighingseveraltons480feetupintothesky.Approximately,2.3millionblocksofstonewerecut,transportedandassembledtocreatetheGreatPyramid.TheParoahsmayhavesetouttobuildmagnificenttombsforthemselves,butintheendtheycreatedmonumentstohumanpotential.
4.TheGreatWall
It’sanimmeasurablehumanachievement.Thereisnocomparison.“ThisWallisthemosttimeconsuming,materialconsuming,laborintensiveproject,constructionprojectinHumanhistory.Inmyeyes,itistheultimatehumanconstruction.EnglishmanWilliamLindesaymaybetheonlypersononearthwhohaswalkedtheentirelengthoftheGreatWallofChina.William’striptookfivemonths,andhewalkedmorethanthreethousandmiles...whichisovertwentymilesaday.Likeamassivesleepingdragon,thegreatwallsnakesacrossChina’slandscape,risingandfallingwiththecontoursofthecountryside.”Thethingthatfascinatesmeaboutthegreatwallis,Ibelieveit’stheworld’sgreatestopenairmuseum.Youarewalkingonhistory.It’spartofthegeographyofChina,andthisistotallyunique,totallyunique.That’swhatmakesitawonderoftheworld.Thepersonresponsibleforthisgreatwonderwasapowerfulwarlordnamedchinchuwong.ThemapofChinalookedlikeajigsaw.Sevenpieces,andsevenkingdomsvyingforpower,butoneofthesekingdomstheQinkingdomconqueredtheothersixkingdomstocreatewhatisregardedasthefirstcentralizedempireinChinesehistory.EmperorQinwasbrashandambitiousbutheknewhecouldneverdefeattheruthlesshorseridingwarriorstothenorth...theMongols.HedecidedthatawallshouldbebuilttopreventthoseMongolsinvadingagain.Sohestartedthevery,verylonghistoryofGreatWallbuilding.Intenyears,theemperorQinachievedhisgoal...theequivalentoferectingawallfromCaliforniatoNewYorkwithbarehandsandrudimentarytools.That’samileofnewwalleverydayforalmostfourthousanddays.Andforanother2000yearsChinesedynastiesbuiltwalls.Intheendawholenetworkofwallsspreadacrossthenortherntierofthecountry...tenfeetacrossandtwentyfeettall,35thousandmilesintotal,enoughtomorethancircletheglobe.Inthepast,theGreatWallofChinaservedveryreal,practicalneedstodefendthecountry.Nowit’sregardedasasymbol,thesouloftheChineseNation.
TheGreatWallisoneofthewondersoftheworldthatcreatedbymanbeing!
IfyoucometoChinawithoutclimbingtheGreatWall,justaswellasyoucometoPariswithoutvisitingTheIronTower,cometoEgyptwithoutvisitingthepyramids!
Manoftensay:
“ThemanwhohavenotclimbedtheGreatWallisnotthetrueman.”BeingtheeximioussoulofTheGreatWallandbeingthebesteximiousrepresentationofTheMing-GreatWall,theBadalingGreatWallalsohasthecenturies-oldhistory.
Badaling
ThemostcommonlytoldfactabouttheGreatWall—thatitistheoneman-madestructurevisiblefromthemoon—isperhapsthemostimpressive.Butotherstatisticsarecloserivals.ThewallwasbeguninthefifthcenturyBC,continueduntilthesixteenthcenturyandstretchessome6000kmacrossChina.Today’ssurvivingsections,placedendtoend,wouldlinkNewYorkwithLosAngeles,andifthebricksusedtobuilditweremadeintoasinglewa
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