英语高考英语总复习阅读理解及解析.docx
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英语高考英语总复习阅读理解及解析.docx
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英语高考英语总复习阅读理解及解析
(英语)高考英语总复习--阅读理解及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Whentimesgettough,wealllookforwaystocutback.Whenwe'rehungry,weeatathomeinsteadofgoingout.Wetakebusesinsteadoftaxis.Andwewearourolddesignerjeansjustafewmonthslonger.Withcollegeexpensesatall-timehighs,highschoolstudentsareeagertodoanythingtocutthecostofauniversityeducation.
Onecost-cuttingproposalistoallowcollegestudentstogetabachelor'sdegreeinthreeyearsinsteadoffour.Educationalinstitutionshavebeenactivelyexploringwaystomakethelearningprocessmoreefficient.Butthere'saquestion:
Wouldthequalityofundergraduateeducationsuffer?
FewUSuniversitieshaveformallyapproveda"three-yeardegree"model.
IdoubtthatmainstreamNorthAmericancollegeswillcarryoutathree-yearcurriculumanytimesoon.Foronething,mostuniversitiesalreadyallowhighlyqualifiedstudentstograduateearlybytestingoutofcertainclassesandobtaininganumberofcollegecredits.Inaddition,atfamousuniversities,thecommitteewhodeterminewhichcoursesarerequiredandwhichcoursesareelectivesareunlikelytosuddenly"throwout"onequarteroftherequiredcredits.Professorswillresist"diluting(稀释)"thequalityoftheeducationtheyoffer.
Inmyopinion,aqualityfour-yeareducationisalwayssuperiortoaqualitythree-yeareducation.Acollegeeducationrequiressufficienttimeforastudenttobecomeskilledintheirmajoranddocourseworkinfieldsoutsidetheirmajor.Itisnotagoodideatowaterdowneducation,anymorethanit'snotagoodideatowaterdownmedicine.Ifwewanttohelpstudentsfindtheirwaythroughuniversity,weshouldhelpthemunderstandearlyonwhatknowledgeandskillstheyneedtohaveupongraduation.Weshouldallowstudentstotestoutofasmanycoursesaspossible.Weshouldgivethemachancetoearnmoneyasinterns(实习生)inmeaningfulpart-timejobsthatrelatetotheiruniversitystudies,suchasthefive-yearco-opprogramatNortheasternUniversity.
(1)Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthemainidea?
A.It'stimetoshortenthelearningprocess.
B.Bestlearningtakesplaceovertime.
C.Universityeducationshouldbewatereddown.
D.Collegeeducationcallsforreform.
(2)Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.
A.mostAmericanuniversitiesareagainstthe"three-yeardegree"model
B.manyfamousUSuniversitiesareconsideringadoptingthe"three-yeardegree"model
C.professorsarewillingtoacceptthe"three-yeardegree"model
D.The"three-yeardegree"modelcanmakecollegelearningmoreefficient
(3)InmostUSuniversities,________.
A.collegestudentsareofferedtheco-opprogram
B.electives'creditsmakeuponequarteroftherequiredcredits
C.allstudentsarerequiredtofinishfour-yeareducationbeforegraduation
D.someexcellentstudentscangraduateaheadoftime
(4)Wecaninferthat________.
A.theauthorisacollegeprofessorexploringwaystomakelearningmoreefficient
B.theauthorthinksthecostofauniversityeducationistoohighforpeopletoafford
C.theauthorconsiderstheuniversityeducationqualityveryimportant
D.theauthorpaysspecialattentiontotheall-rounddevelopmentofcollegestudents
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,作者认为把大学四年的学制缩短为三年不是一个好主意,保证足够的时间才能保证大学教育的质量。
(1)考查主旨大意。
根据第二段中的“FewUSuniversitieshaveformallyapproveda‘three-yeardegree’model.”很少有美国大学正式批准“三年学位”模式;以及最后一段中的“Inmyopinion,aqualityfour-yeareducationisalwayssuperiortoaqualitythree-yeareducation.”在我看来,优质的四年教育总是优于优质的三年教育。
可推断,文章作者认为把大学四年的学制缩短为三年不是一个好主意,学好大学功课是需要付出时间的,所以这篇文章的中心思想是“最好的学习是随着时间的推移而进行的。
”,故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“FewUSuniversitieshaveformallyapproveda‘three-yeardegree’model.”美国很少有大学正式批准“三年制学位”模式。
由此推断出,大多数美国大学反对“三年制学位”模式,故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Foronething,mostuniversitiesalreadyallowhighlyqualifiedstudentstograduateearlybytestingoutofcertainclassesandobtaininganumberofcollegecredits.”一方面,大多数大学已经允许合格的学生通过某些课程的考试和获得一些大学学分提前毕业。
可知,特别优秀的大学生可以提前毕业。
故选D。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“Acollegeeducationrequiressufficienttimeforastudenttobecomeskilledintheirmajoranddocourseworkinfieldsoutsidetheirmajor.”大学教育要求学生有足够的时间掌握专业技能,并在专业以外的领域学习课程;以及“Itisnotagoodideatowaterdowneducation,anymorethanit'snotagoodideatowaterdownmedicine.”削弱教育不是个好主意,就像削弱医学不是个好主意一样。
可知作者非常看重大学教育质量。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Rescueworkershadcollected820birdsfromtheGulfofMexicooilspill,themajorityofthemalreadydead.ThecurrentspillpromisestobethelargestinUShistory,andascleanupeffortsstretchacrossthesummer,it'sclearthatmoreoiledbirdswillbefound,stuckandsufferingintheblackstickliquid.Andastheydowitheveryoilspill,rescueworkerswillgotogreatlengthstocaptureandcleanthesurvivorshopingtorestorethemtotheirnaturalhabitat.
Isitworththeeffort?
Somescientistsaren'tsosure.Becausethestressofbeingcapturedandbathedisassignificantasthehorrorofbeingimmersedinoil,andbecauseresearchsuggeststhatmanyrescuedbirdsdieshortlyafterbeingreleased,someexpertssayeuthanasia(安乐死)isamorehumaneoption.
Cleanbirdfeathersrepelwater(防水)andregulatebodytemperaturewhiledirtyonesdon't.Oilinparticularmakesfeathersheavieranddecreasestheirabilitytotrapair,whichinturnmakesbirdsweakandbecomeeasiertodrowning,overheatingandorgandamage.Ofcourse,beingcapturedandcleanedisnopicniceither.Somebirdswindupreturningtotheirdestroyedhabitatsonlytofallvictimtotheoilagain.Andthosewhomanagetoavoidasecondoilbathsufferdramaticallyshortenedlifespans(跨度)andlowerreproductivesuccess.OfthethousandsofbirdsthatwererescuedfromthePrestigeoilspilloffthecoastofSpainin2002,only600werereleasedintothewild;mostoftherestdiedafterjustafewdaysincaptivity.
However,birdrescuerssaytheyhavelearnedalotabouthowtobesthelpoil-soakedbirds,andthattherefore,survivalratesstandtoincreasethistimearound.Inthepast,birdswerecleanedrightaway,andvolunteersoftenworkedthroughthenightbathingrescuedbirds.Butnow,capturedbirdsarelefttorestforadayortwobeforebeingcleaned,andonlywashedduringtheday,soasnottodisrupttheircircadian(生理的)rhythms.Butpartofthatincreasemaybeduetogreaterselectivityonthepartofrescuers.Theworkersdobloodtestsrightinthefieldnowandbirdsthatareloadedwithhydrocarbons(碳氢化合物)ordon'tlooklikethey'regoingtomakeitareputdownrightaway,ratherthansubjectedtothestressofcaptivityandcleaning.
Andsofar,whilereleaseratesmaybeimproving,thereislittleevidenceofbettermediumorlong-termsurvival,especiallyforthemore-difficult-to-savespecies.Therestillaren'tgoodprotocols(协议)forrepairingtheinternalorgandamage.Anyway,rescueeffortswillcontinueinlargepartbecausethepublicdemandsthat.Euthanasiaisadifficultthingtodo,especiallyforpeoplewhohavebuilttheirlivesaroundsavinganimals.
(1)Whydosomescientistsdoubttheefforttorescueoiledbirds?
A.Becauseithascosttoomuchtimeandmoney.
B.Becausehumanmaybeinfectedwiththebirdvirus.
C.Becauseitistorturefollowedbydeathtobirds.
D.Becausemigrantbirdsmaybroadenthepollution.
(2)ThecaseofSpaincoastspillismentionedtoindicate________.
A.thousandsofbirdswerepollutedbyoil
B.thesurvivalrateofoiledbirdswasverylow
C.theeffortstorescueoiledbirdswereineffective
D.captivityisanimpracticalmethodtorescuebinds
(3)Whydothesurvivalratesofoiledbirdsincrease?
A.Oiledbirdsarekeptinwarmwaterforoneortwodays
B.Thesecondcleaningoftheoiledbirdsindaytimeisnotpermitted
C.Therescuersoftenselectthebirdsthatarelikelytosurvive
D.Hydrocarbonsareremovedtorescuetheoiledbirds
(4)Whydoesoiledbirds'rescueremainacontroversialproblem?
A.Oiledbirds'internalorgandamageispermanent.
B.Euthanasiaisadifficultandheart-achingoperation.
C.Themore-difficult-to-savespecieswilldiebycleaning.
D.Therescueisoiledbirds'sufferingwhileseeingthemdieiscruel.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)B
(3)C
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,在石油泄露事件中,有很多鸟儿在石油中被粘住,遭受苦难。
救援人员尽最大努力援救它们。
但是科学家们质疑救援工作是否值得。
一方面,获救的鸟儿经历了被捕获、被清理的痛苦之后还是会死去,存活率很低;另一方面,对鸟儿进行安乐死也是很多人不能接受的。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的"becauseresearchsuggeststhatmanyrescuedbirdsdieshortlyafterbeingreleased"因为研究表明许多获救的鸟类在被释放后不久就死亡了。
因此,科学家们怀疑自己在救鸟儿时作的努力可能是白费了,故选C。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“OfthethousandsofbirdsthatwererescuedfromthePrestigeoilspilloffthecoastofSpainin2002,only600werereleasedintothewild;mostoftherestdiedafterjustafewdaysincaptivity”在2002年从西班牙海岸的Prestige石油泄漏事故中获救的数千只鸟类中,只有600只被放生到野外;其余大部分在被关在笼中短短几天后死亡。
根据这些数据可知,被浸在石油中的鸟儿即使获救,他们的存活率也很低。
故选B。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“partofthatincreasemaybeduetogreaterselectivityonthepartofrescuers.Theworkersdobloodtestsrightinthefieldnowandbirdsthatareloadedwithhydrocarbons(碳氢化合物)ordon'tlooklikethey'regoingtomakeitareputdownrightaway”可知,获救的鸟儿存活率将会上升的部分原因可能是由于救援人员方面的做出了更大选择。
工人们对获救的鸟儿做血液测试,那些身上满是石油或看起来不会活下来的鸟儿立刻被放弃了。
工人们选择性地抢救那些有存活可能的鸟儿。
故选C。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据第五段中的“whilereleaseratesmaybeimproving,thereislittleevidenceofbettermediumorlong-termsurvival和rescueeffortswillcontinueinlargepartbecausethepublicdemandsthatEuthanasiaisadifficultthingtodo,especiallyforpeoplewhohavebuilttheirlivesaroundsavinganimals”可知,一方面虽然释放率在提高,但是几乎没有证据表明被释放的鸟儿生存状况更好;另一方面,救援工作仍将继续,因为安乐死是一件困难的事情,特别是对于那些从事拯救动物的工作的人来说。
所以是否救这些被油浸过的鸟儿还是一个有争议的问题。
援救那些鸟儿,对于鸟儿来说也要遭受痛苦,而看到它们的死去也是很残忍的。
故选D。
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