人教版新课标英语必修4系统语法梳理主谓一致与Ving形式用法学生版和教师版.docx
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人教版新课标英语必修4系统语法梳理主谓一致与Ving形式用法学生版和教师版.docx
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人教版新课标英语必修4系统语法梳理主谓一致与Ving形式用法学生版和教师版
人教版新课标英语必修4系统语法梳理
—主谓一致与V-ing形式用法
(学生版)
1.并列主语的主谓一致
(1)两个单数名词由and连接
(2)被every,each,manya,no等限定的单个主语由and连接时
(3)由or,nor,neither…nor…,either…or…,notonly…but(also)连接到并列主语,通常采用________一致原则,即谓语动词的单复数形式要与邻近的主语保持一致。
(4)单数名词+with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,ratherthan,asmuchas,but,except等所限定的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常采用________一致原则,即谓语动词仍用单数形式。
如:
Tomaswellastwoofhisfriendswasinvitedtoher
Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswife,istoarriveontheeveningflight.
2.某些名词作主语的主谓一致
(1)集体名词family,class,crew,team,group,public,audience,crowd,government,committee等作主语时,动词的单复数要根据主语所指的意义而定。
当集体名词表整体概念时,谓语动词用_________形式;当集体名词表其中的每个成员时,谓语动词用____________形式。
如:
Theclassconsistsoftwenty-fiveboysandtwentygirls.Theclassaredoingexperiments.
(2)由两部分构成的物体的名词,如:
trousers,pants,jeans,compasses,glasses,shorts等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
但如果这类名词前用了apairof来修饰,谓语动词的单复数往往取决于pair的单复数形式。
如:
Thesetrousersneedcleaning.Thepairoftrousersismine.
3.数词与量词作主语的主谓一致
(1)表示时间、重量、距离、价格、体积等名词的复数作主语时,通常当做整体看待,后接单数动词。
如:
Twentyyearsisalongtimeinone’slife.
(2)分数和百分数修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时,谓语形式由名词所表达的含义而定。
如:
Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.
Alargepercentageofthewheatcropwasruinedbytheflood.
(3)由kind(form,type,sort,portion,series,quantity,amount)of等修饰的主语,其谓语动词形式取决于这些词的单、复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词的单复数。
如:
Anewtypeofbus________(be)nowonshow.
Allkindsofdifficulties________(have)tobeovercome.
Largequantitiesofwater_______(be)neededforcoolingpurposes.
(4)anumberof,avarietyof,agroupof等修饰名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;而thenumberof,thevarietyof修饰名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
如:
Anumberofstudentsarefromthenorth.
Thenumberofthestudentsfromthesouthissmall.
(5)如果主语由“manya,morethanone+名词”构成,谓语动词用单数形式。
◆非谓语动词的常考形式与所表达含义
非谓语动词形式
所表达含义
所充当句子成分
doing
done
todo
tobedone
beingdone
havingdone
havingbeendone
一、V-ing形式作主语
v-ing形式若作主语或宾语时,也称作动名词。
1.作主语
动名词作主语通常有两种位置:
一是位于句首;另一种是it作形式主语,而将动名词短语移至句末。
如:
Talkingmendsnoholes.空谈于事无补。
It’snousewaitinghere.在此等待毫无用处。
常用动名词作主语的句型:
It+beawasteoftimedoingsth.It+benogood/nousedoingsth.
It+worthwhiledoingsth.There+benopoint/sense(in)doingsth.
二、V-ing形式作宾语
1.下列动词只能用动名词作宾语
考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡。
consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon
admit,delay/putoff,fancy
avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice
deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate
forbid,imagine,risk
can’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape
2.下列结构之后也用动名词作宾语
beusedto
leadto
devoteto
objectto
getdownto
payattentionto
can’tstand
giveup
feellike
insiston
putoff
beinterestedin
befondof
begoodat
spend…indoing
lookforwardto
succeedin
bebusyin
contribute…to
thankyoufor
apologizefor
forgive…for
haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)
prevent/keep/stop…from…
havedifficulty/trouble(in)doing
3.下列动词后既可以用不定式也可以用动名词作宾语
1.forget2.remember3.stop
4.try5.mean6.go
7.can’thelp
三、V-ing形式作定语、
1.作定语的及物动词分词形式为:
v-ing,being+过去分词;过去分词
2.作定语的不及物动词分词形式为:
v-ing与过去分词
四、V-ing形式作表语
动名词与现在分词作表语区别:
1.动名词作表语表示一般性、经常性动作。
HisjobisteachingEnglish.
2.动名词作表语表示主语的内容,可以把主语和表语交换;而现在分词作表语表明主语的性质、特征,此时主语和表语不可交换位置。
如:
Thestoryisverytouching.Ourjobisplayingallkindsofmusic.
Themusictheyareplayingissoexcited.Seeingisbelieving.
Myworkislookingafterthechildren.Thetaskofthisclassispracticingtheidioms.
Withthehelpoftheteacher,thestudentsarepracticingtheidioms.
五、V-ing形式作宾语补足语
动名词不作宾补,现在分词作宾补主要用法:
1.感官动词see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,notice等作宾补
2.使役动词作宾语补足语
1.(2012陕西)Thebasketballcoach,aswellashisteam,_________interviewedshortlyafterthematchfortheiroutstandingperformance.
A.wereB.wasC.isD.are
2.(2005山东)Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth_________eachyear.
A.iswashingawayB.isbeingwashedawayC.arewashingawayD.arebeingwashedaway
3.(2006浙江)Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyone-third_________usedregularly.Nowwehave60workingallday.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
4.(2009四川)Theteachertogetherwiththestudents_________discussingReadingSkillsthat_________newlypublishedinAmerica.
A.are;wereB.is;wereC.are;wasD.is;was
5.(2009山东)ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversities________risingsteadilysince1997.
A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen
6.(2006天津)Whatweusedtothink__________impossiblenowdoesseempossible.
A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe
7.(2009湖南)Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents________toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.
A.areB.isC.haveD.be
8.(2010湖南)Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts_________causedhearinglossinsometeenagers.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
9.(2011安徽)Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhich_________savedforotherpurposes.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
10.(2006陕西)Theconstructionofthetwonewrailwaylines_________bynow.
A.hasbeencompletedB.havebeencompletedC.hascompletedD.havecompleted
11.(2013山东)Theroomisemptyexceptforabookshelf_________inonecorner.
A.standingB.tostandC.standsD.stood
12.(2012陕西)________inalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyaNewiPad.
A.StandingB.TostandC.StoodD.Stand
13.(2013重庆)WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,________mestoriestillIfellasleep.
A.havingtoldB.tellingC.toldD.totell
14.(2011山东)Lookoverthere—thereisaverylong,windingpath_________uptothehouse.
A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.tolead
15.(2011辽宁)_________aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.
A.GatherB.TogatherC.GatheringD.Tobegathering
16.(2010安徽)Hehadawonderfulchildhood,_________withhismothertoallcornersoftheworld.
A.travelB.totravelC.traveledD.traveling
17.(2013福建)_________basicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.
A.KnownB.HavingknownC.KnowingD.Beingknown
18.(2009上海)Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity,__________allfourpeopleonboard.
A.killedB.killingC.killsD.tokill
19.(2006湖南)Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanket_________thedesert.
A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD.tocover
20.(2013福建)_________howothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.
A.HearingB.HearC.HavingheardD.Tobehearing
Part1单词拼写
1.Theprisoner__________________(努力,奋斗,斗争,挣扎)butcouldn’tescape.
2.Several__________________(十年)haveelapsedsinceIgraduatedfromthecollege.
3.His__________________(饥饿,渴望)forknowledgedrovehimtothelibrary.
4.Haveyougottheonethathavean__________________(输出,产量)of150horsepower?
5.With__________________(膨胀,伸展)wings,thehawksoaredaboveus.
6.Bypersistencemanycountrieswon__________________(自由,自主)intheend.
7.Thesoldiersarefully__________________(装备,配备),andtheyarereadytojointhebattleatanytime.
8.Wedonothaveenoughmoney.__________________(因此,所以)wecannotaffordtobuythenewcar.
9.HereturnedfromParisandfoundhisofficewasundersomeoneelse’s__________________(占有,占据,职业).
10.Thosewordsare__________________(下划线,强调)intheEnglishbook.
11.Joan__________________(评论,注释)thatitwasabetterplaythanusual,andIagreed.
12.Hesaidthathe__________________(后悔,惋惜,遗憾)theirfailuretoreachanagreement.
13.Thesoldiers__________________(战斗,战役)againsttheopposingarmyallday.
14.Inthosedayspoverty__________________(减小,减少,使落魄)manypeopletobeginthestreet.
15.Hiseyesweresotiredthathehaddifficulty__________________(焦点,焦距;集中,聚集)onit.
16.Theinventorwasrewardedbythegovernmentforhisseveral__________________(成就,实现,完成,达到).
17.Thankyouformakingmyvisitso__________________(值得的).Ishalltreasureyourfriendshipandkindhospitalityyouhavegivenme.
18.__________________(观察,评论,庆祝,遵守)thatshewasverypale,Iaskedhimwhatwasthematterwithhim.
19.Hehas__________________(表现,行为,举止)wellinschool.
20.Thetermsoftheagreement__________________(尊敬,尊重)theboundarylinebetweenthetwocountries.
21.Thefailure__________________(激发,鼓舞)himtogreatefforts.
22.TheUnitedStatesshould,he__________________(争论,争辩),attempttoremainaloof.
23.He’sinvolvedinthe__________________(组织,机构)ofanewclub.
24.Weare__________________(运动,战役,竞选活动)againstcorruptioningovernment.
25.Thelocaldoctorcouldn’ttellwhatwaswrong,sohesenthertoseea__________________(专家).
26.Theywere__________________(支持,支撑,供养)byalocalbandatthattime.
27.__________________(疾病,恶心)oftenresultsfromeatingtoomuch.
28.Ihad__________________(打算,计划)tocatchtheearlytrain,butIdidn’tgetupearly.
29.She__________________(提到,提及,查阅,参考)thesubjectseveraltimesduringherspeech.
30.Thepolicechiefspokeofhis__________________(决心)tocatchthekillers.
31.Withtheseincidents,TangYingconsultedexpertsfromvariousvocationsformeasuresin__________________(紧急状况,突发事件).
32.Each__________________(代,辈)hasitsownstandardsofjudgment.
33.Younggirlsmustbe__________________(谦虚的,适度的)inspeech,dressandbehavior.
34.Hermotherly__________________(仁慈,好意)attachesusalltoher.
35.Thepostmanatlast__________________(投递,接生,发表演说)theletterwehadbeenwaitingfor.
36.AlthoughshehadneverbeeninterviewedonTVbefore,she__________________(表演,履行,执行,手术)well.
37.Nowadays,electricalapplianceshaveenteredinto__________________(平凡的,普通的)families.
38.Thecandidate’sspeech__________________(使信服,说服)thevotersthathe
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