高一英语定语从句讲解精华版.docx
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高一英语定语从句讲解精华版.docx
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高一英语定语从句讲解精华版
定语从句
一、基本概念:
定语:
定语从句:
Doyouknowthemanwhospokeatthemeetingjustnow?
Thatisthehousewherehelivedtenyearsago.
引导词:
关系词
关系代词有:
that,who,whom,whose,which;在从句中充当:
关系副词有:
when,where,why.在从句充当:
先行词:
定语从句中引关系词的作用:
二、关系词的用法:
(一)关系代词的用法:
1.
Heisthemanlivesnextdoor.
ThetrainhasjustleftisforShenzhen.
2.
Themanwehavejustseenisafamouswriter.
WhereisthebookIboughtlastweek?
注:
3.
(a)Heisthemancarwasstolenlastweek.
(b)ItwasameetingimportanceIdidnotrealizeatthattime.
Theycametoahousebackwallhadbrokendown..(=)
He’swrittenabookthenameI’vecompletelyforgotten.(=)
4.作表语只用that,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但时常省略。
如:
Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.
Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace(that)itusedtobe.
(二)关系副词的用法:
1.when:
time,day,morning,night,week,year
IstillrememberthetimeIfirstbecameacollegestudent.
DoyouknowthedateLincolnwasborn?
2.Whereplace,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country
Thisisthehoteltheyarestaying.
IforgetthehousetheSmithslived.
3.why
Thatisthereasonheisleavingsosoon.
(三)使用关系副词应注意下列几点:
1.这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构:
when=on(in,at,during…)+which;
where=in(at,on…)+which;
why=forwhich.如:
IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=onwhich)hearrived.
Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.
Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=forwhich)wedidit.
2.当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表地点的place,house等时,一定要注意分析从句的结构,如果缺少主语或宾语时,关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时,才能用when或where,试比较:
I’llneverforgetthedaymyhometownwasliberated.
I’llneverforgetthedayswespenttogetherlastsummer.
Hisfatherworksinafactoryradiopartsaremade.
Hisfatherworksinafactorymakesradioparts.
三.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1.限制性定语从句
Thisisthetelegramwhichherefersto.
Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?
2.非限制性定语从句
ThisnotewasleftbyTom,whowashereamomentago.
Asaboy,hewasalwaysmakingthings,mostofwhichwereelectric.
引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有:
who,whom,whose,which,when和where,不可以用that和why。
注意:
ItoldthestorytoJohn,wholaterdidittohisbrother.
=ItoldthestorytoJohn,andhelatertoldittohisbrother.
YesterdayIhappenedtoseeJohn,whowaseagertohaveatalkwithyou.
=YesterdayIhappenedtoseeJohnandhewaseagertohaveatalkwithyou.
4.先行词为整个主句或是主句中的一个部分,用which或as来引导。
如:
Hepassedtheexam,which/ashehopedhewould.
注:
(1)as引导的从句可以放在主句之前、中、后,而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。
Theyarehollow,whichmakesthemverylight.
Asisknowntoall,TaiwanisapartofChina.
(2)as常译成“就象……那样”,正如….
as的短语
Aseverybodyknows,Luxunisafamouswriter.
Luxun,aseverybodyknows,isafamouswriter.
asweallknow
asoftenhappens
asyousee
asisknowntoall
asisexpected
ashasbeensaidbefore
asIcanremember
四.关系词的选择
1.在限制性定语从句中,当先行词指物时,只能用that,不用which的情况:
(1)当先行词是all,alot,(a)little,few,much,none,anything,something,everything,nothing等词时。
如:
Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
InthisfactoryIsawlittle/muchthatwasdifferentfromours.
(2)当先行词被all,anyno,much,little,few,every等限定词所修饰时。
如:
Weheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid.
(3)当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。
如:
Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetthetickets.
WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatcomestomindistheWestLake.
(4)当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰,以及先行词被序数词和形容
词最高级同时修饰时,如:
Isthatthebestthatyoucando?
That’sthemostexpensivehotelthatwe’veeverstayedin.
ThisnovelisthesecondbestonethatIhaveeverread.
(5)当先行词被thevery,theonly,thenext,thelast等所修饰时。
如:
ThisistheverybookthatIwanttofind.
(6)当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。
如:
TheguestsspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirperformancesthattheysawattheChildren’sPalace.
Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.
(7)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。
如:
Whichisthecarthatkilledtheboy?
2.在定语从句中,当先行词指人时,用who(m),而不用that的情况:
(1)当先行词是one,ones,any,few,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everyone,
everybody等词时。
如:
Isthereanyonewhocananswerthisquestion?
Hewasamongthefewwhomanagedtolivethroughtheenemyprisoncamp.
(2)当先行词是he,they,those,people,person等词时。
如:
Hewhowantstocatchfishjustnotmindgettingwet.
Thosewhoareagainsttheproposalputupyourhands.
3.在定语从句中,当先行词指人时,在下列情况中,一般用关系词that:
(1)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
如:
Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?
Whichofusthatknowsanythingdoesnotknowthis?
(2)当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。
如:
Heisthegreatestmanthathaseverlived.
(3)当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast等词所修饰时。
如:
Sheistheonlypersonthatunderstandsme.
4介词+关系代词介词的选择
1.介词与定语从句中的动词、形容词搭配
Humanhavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmenttheylive.
Hewasgenerouswithhistime,Iwasgrateful.
2.介词与先行词搭配
Bynineo’clock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,____appearedararerainbowsoon.
A.ofwhichB.onwhichC.fromwhichD.abovewhich
3.ofwhich的用法
1)Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadourfurther,____NewYorkisanexample.
A.forwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich
2)Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,weremadeofsmalldiamonds.
A.thehandsofwhomB.whomthehandsofC.whichthehandsofD.thehandsofwhich
选择正确的介词:
oninforofwithto
1.Idisagreewiththefacts____whichyourargumentisbased.
2.Thesong,___whichhewasinterested,willneverbeheardagain.
3.Thisisthereason____whichheoftencomestoschoollate.
4.Iwillneverforgettheway____whichmyfathertaughtme.
5.Thisistheboy_____whomwe’reproud.
6.Iwanttofindtheverypen___whichIwrotetheletter.
7.Theyaretheboys____whomourteachersarespeakinghighly.
8.Itisnecessarytonametheperson____whomthecardsbelong.
9.Itisimportanttochoosegoodfriends___whomyoucanshareyourhappiness.
10.Iwouldliketodobusinesswiththosepeople___whomIcanrely.
定语从句常见错误分析
I.句子结构错误。
1.昨天王老师上了一节非常生动而有趣的课。
误:
YesterdayMrWangtaughtthelessonwasverylivelyand
interesting.
2.你上个月从图书馆借的那本书还了吗?
误:
Haveyoureturnedmethebookyouborroweditfromthe
librarylastmonth?
3.我永远也不会忘记我在那儿生活了八年的村庄。
误:
I'llneverforgetthevillagewhereIonceworkedthere
foreightyears.
II.介词错误
1.你们住的那个房间太小了。
误:
Theroomwhichyouarelivingistoosmall.
2.你能借给我你们刚才谈论到的那本书吗?
误:
Canyoulendmethebookaboutthatyouweretalkingjust
now?
3.我问他去过的城市中哪个城市的人口最多。
误:
Iaskedwhichofthecitiesthathehadbeenhadthelargestpopulation.
III.选择关系词
1.那幢红色屋顶的房子是去年夏天建的。
误:
Thebuildingwhichroofisredwasbuiltlastsummer.
2.你认识那个我想他可能教我们英语的老师吗?
误:
DoyouknowtheteacherwhomIthinkwillcometoteach
usEnglish?
3.你指的是去年我们参观的那所学校吗?
误:
Doyoumeantheschoolwherewevisitedlastyear?
4.这是我所看到过的最好的一部电影。
误:
ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveeverseen.
5.我没有告诉她真情,这使我心里很不安。
误:
Ididn'ttellherthetruth,thatmademeuneasy.
6.现在你所要做的一切就是好好休息。
误:
Allwhatyoushoulddonowistotakeagoodrest.
IV.一致关系
1.他是昨天受老师表扬的学生之一。
误:
Heisoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedbytheteacher
yesterday.
2.他这次考试不及格,这证明他学习不够刻苦。
误:
Hefailedintheexam,whichprovethathehadn'tworked
hardenoughathislessons.
3.他们已将所有属于我的东西归还给我。
误:
Theyhavereturnedmeallthatbelongtome.
V.as用作关系代词引导定语从句
1.我从来还没有听过象他讲的这么有趣的故事。
误:
Ihadneverheardsuchaninterestingstorylikehetold.
2.正如老师所说的,我们应该通过讲英语学习讲英语。
误:
AstheteachersaidthatweshouldlearntospeakEnglish
byspeakingit.
3.学一们外语,正如他们所学的,不是一件容易的事。
误:
Tolearnaforeignlanguage,astheylearned,wasnotan
easyjob.
改正下列句子中的错误:
1.That'sallwhatDrWangsaidatthemeetingyesterday.
2.Thereisnothingintheworldwhichcanchangemymind.
3.ImetaformerstudentIlikehimverymuchwhenhestudied
atourschool.
4.Thesunheatstheearth,whichmakeitpossibleforplantsto
grow.
5.HaveyoueverheardofsuchacleverboylikeJohn?
6.Peoplewhohaseyescansometimesactjustasfoolishlyas
theblindmen.
7.Aseveryoneknowsthathewasabletohelppeoplewiththeir
personalaffairs.
8.ThecamerawhichItookmybestphotosbelongedtomyfather.
9.Ourenginesandmachines,mostofthathavewheels,areunlike
anythinginnature.
10.ThedaythattheyweretoleaveforAmericawascoming.
定语从句专项练习题
1.Therearethreebedroomsinthehouse,_____isMary's.
Athesmallest ofwhich Bthesmallerofwhich
Cthesmallestofthem Dthesmallestone
2.TheGreenswillmoveintothenewhousenextMonday,_____itwillbecompletelyfinished.
Abythetime Bbywhichtime Cbythattime Dbythistime
3.Alicehasalargecollectionofphone,_____wastakeninlondon.
Anoneofthem Bnooneofwhich Callofwhich Dnoneofwhich
4.Withthefastdevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople____villageItaughtbefore livedahappylife.
Awho Bwhose Cinwhose Dinwhich
5.Thereisamoutain____thetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.
Awhose Bof which Cit's Dthat
6.Shemayhavemissedhertrain,in____caseshewon'tarriveforanotherhour.
Awhat Bthat Cwhich Dthis
7.1)Ihavethreechildren,andtwoof_____aredoctors.
2)Ihavethreechildren,twoof____aredoctors.
8.Theretwothousandstudentsinourschool,____aregirls.
Atwo-thirdsinwhich Btwo-thirdsinthem Ctwo-thirdsofthem Dofwhomtwothirds
9.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_____writeswell.
Aneitherofthem Bnoneofthem Cneitherofwhich Dnoneofwhich
1.Thisisthebestfactory____wevisitedlastyear.
A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.that
2.Isthisthefacto
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