四级真题.docx
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四级真题.docx
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四级真题
PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)
Direction:
Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B)C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.
PassageOne
Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Dogsaresocialanimalsandwithoutpropertraining,theywillbehavelikewildanimals.Theywillsoilyourhouse,destroyyourbelongings,barkexcessively,fightotherdogsandevenbiteyou.Nearlyallbehaviorproblemsareperfectlynormaldogactivitiesthatoccuratthewrongtimeorplaceoraredirectedatthewrongthing.Thekeytopreventingortreatingbehaviorproblemsislearningtoteachthedogtoredirectitsnormalbehaviortooutletsthatareacceptableinthedomesticsetting.
Oneofthebestthingsyoucandoforyourdogandyourselfistoobediencetrainit.Obediencetrainingdoesn’tsolveallbehaviorproblems,butitisthefoundationforsolvingjustaboutanyproblem.Trainingpensupalineofcommunicationbetweenyouandyourdog.Effectivecommunicationisnecessarytoinstructyourdogaboutwhatyouwantittodo.
Trainingisalsoaneasywaytoestablishthesocialrankorder.Whenyourdogobeysasimplerequestof“comehere,sit,”itisshowingobedienceandrespectforyou.Itisnotnecessarytoestablishyourselfastopdogorleaderofthepack(群)byusingextrememeasure.Youcanteachyourdogitssubordinate(从属的)rolebyteachingittoshowsubmissiontoyou.Mostdogsloveperformingtricksforyoutopleasantlyacceptthatyouareincharge.
Trainingshouldbefunandrewardingforyouandyourdog.Itcanenrichyourrelationshipandmakelivingtogethermoreenjoyable.Awell-traineddogismoreconfidentandcanmoresafelybeallowedagreateramountoffreedomthananuntrainedanimal.
21.Behaviorproblemsofdogsarebelieveto_______.
A)bejustpartoftheirnature
B)worseninmodernsociety
C)occurwhentheygowild
D)presentathreattothecommunity
22.Theprimarypurposeofobediencetrainingisto_______.
A)teachthedogtoperformclevertricks
B)makethedogawareofitsowner’sauthority
C)providethedogwithoutletsforitswildbehavior
D)enablethedogtoregainitsnormalbehavior
23.Effectivecommunicationbetweenadoganditsowneris_______.
A)essentialtosolvingthedog’sbehaviorproblems
B)thefoundationfordogstoperformtasks
C)agoodwaytoteachthedognewtricks
D)anextrememeasureinobediencetraining
24.Whydopetdogsloveperformingtricksfortheirmasters?
A)Toavoidbeingpunished.
B)Toshowtheiraffectionfortheirmasters.
C)Towinleadershipofthedogpack.
D)Toshowtheirwillingnesstoobey.
25.Whenadoghasreceivedeffectiveobediencetraining,itsowner_______.
A)cangivethedogmorerewards
B)willenjoyabetterfamilylife
C)cangivethedogmorefreedom
D)willhavemoreconfidenceinhimself
PassageTwo
Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Engineeringstudentsaresupposedtobeexamplesofpracticalityandrationality,butwhenitcomestomycollegeeducationIamanidealistandafool.InhighschoolIwantedtobeanelectricalengineerand,ofcourse,anysensiblestudentwithmyaimswouldhavechosenacollegewithalargeengineeringdepartment,famousreputationandlotsofgoodlabsandresearchequipment.Butthat’snotwhatIdid.
Ichosetostudyengineeringatasmallliberal-arts(文科)universitythatdoesn’tevenofferamajorinelectricalengineering.Obviously,thiswasnotapracticalchoice;Icamehereformorenoblereasons.Iwantedabroadeducationthatwouldprovidemewithflexibilityandavaluesystemtoguidemeinmycareer.Iwantedtoopenmyeyesandexpandmyvisionbyinteractingwithpeoplewhoweren’tstudyingscienceorengineering.Myparents,teachersandotheradultspraisedmeforsuchasensiblechoice.TheytoldmeIwaswiseandmaturebeyondmy18years,andIbelievedthem.
IheadedofftocollegesureIwasgoingtohaveanadvantageoverthosestudentswhowenttobigengineering“factories”wheretheydidn’tcareifyouhavevaluesorwereflexible.Iwasgoingtobeacompleteengineer:
technicalgeniusandsensitivehumanist(人文学者)allinone.
NowI’mnotsosure.Somewherealongthewaymynobleidealscrashedintoreality,asallnobleidealseventuallydo.Afterthreeyearsofstrugglingtobalancemath,physicsandengineeringcourseswithliberal-artscourses,Ihavelearnedtherearereasonswhyfewengineeringstudentstrytoreconcile(协调)engineeringwithliberal-artscoursesincollege.
Therealitythathasblockedmypathtobecomethetypicalsuccessfulstudentisthatengineeringandtheliberalartssimplydon’t’mixaseasilyasIassumedinhighschool.Individuallytheyshapeapersoninverydifferentways;togethertheythreatentoconfuse.Thestruggletoreconcilethetwofieldsofstudyisdifficult.
26.Theauthorchosetostudyengineeringatasmallliberal-artsuniversitybecausehe_______.
A)wantedtobeanexampleofpracticalityandrationality
B)intendedtobeacombinationofengineerandhumanist
C)wantedtocoordinateengineeringwithliberal-artscoursesincollege
D)intendedtobeasensiblestudentwithnobleideals.
27.Accordingtotheauthor,byinteractingwithpeoplewhostudyliberalarts,engineeringstudentscan_______.
A)balanceengineeringandtheliberalarts
B)receiveguidanceintheircareers
C)becomenobleidealists
D)broadentheirhorizons
28.Intheeyesoftheauthor,asuccessfulengineeringstudentisexpected_______
A)tohaveanexcellentacademicrecord
B)tobewiseandmature
C)tobeimaginativewithavaluesystemtoguidehim
D)tobeatechnicalgeniuswithawidevision
29.Theauthor’sexperienceshowsthathewas_______.
A)creative
B)ambitious
C)unrealistic
D)irrational
30.Theword“they”in“…togethertheythreatentoconfuse.”(Line3,Para.5)refersto_______
A)engineeringandtheliberalarts.
B)realityandnobleideals
C)flexibilityandavaluesystem
D)practicalityandrationality
PassageThree
Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
PriscillaOuchida’s“energy-efficient”houseturnedouttobeahorribledream.Whensheandherengineerhusbandmarriedafewyearsago,theybuilta$100,000,three-bedroomhomeinCalifornia.Tightlysealedtopreventairleaks,thehousewasequippedwithsmalldouble-paned(双层玻璃的)windowsandseveralotherenergy-savingfeatures.Problemsbeganassoonasthecouplemovedin,however.Priscilla’seyesburned.Herthroatwasconstantlydry.Shesufferedfromheadachesandcouldhardlysleep.Itwasasthoughshehadsuddenlydevelopedastrangeillness.
Expertsfinallytracedthecauseofherillness.Thelevelofformaldehyde(甲醛)gasinherkitchenwastwicethemaximumallowedbyfederalstandardsforchemicalworkers.Thesourceofthegas?
Hernewkitchencabinetsandwall-to-wallcarpeting.
TheOuchidasarevictimsofindoorairpollution,whichisnotgivensufficientattentionpartlybecauseofthenation’sdrivetosaveenergy.Theproblemitselfisn’tnew.“Theindoorenvironmentwasdirtylongbeforeenergyconservationcamealong,”saysMoschandreas,apollutionscientistatGeometTechnologiesinMaryland.“Energyconservationhastendedtoaccentuatethesituationinsomecases.”
Theproblemappearstobemoretroublesomeinnewlyconstructedhomesratherthanoldones.Backinthedayswhenenergywascheap,homebuildersdidn’tworrymuchaboutunsealedcracks.Becauseofsuchleaks,theairinanaveragehomewasreplacedbyfreshoutdoorairaboutonceanhour.Asaresult,thepollutantsgeneratedinmosthouseholdsseldombuilduptodangerouslevels.
31.ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethattheOuchidas’house_______.
A)iswellworththemoneyspentonitsconstruction
B)isalmostfaultlessfromthepointofenergyconservation
C)failedtomeetenergyconservationstandards
D)wasdesignedandconstructedinascientificway
32.WhatmadetheOuchidas’newhouseahorribledream?
A)Lackoffreshair.
B)Poorqualityofbuildingmaterials.
C)Gasleakageinthekitchen.
D)Thenewlypaintedwalls
33.Theword“accentuate”(Line4,Para.3)mostprobablymeans“_______”.
A)relieve
B)accelerate
C)worsen
D)improve
34.Whywerecracksinoldhousesnotabigconcern?
A)Becauseindoorcleanlinesswasnotemphasized.
B)Becauseenergyusedtobeinexpensive.
C)Becauseenvironmentalprotectionwasgiventoppriority.
D)Becausetheyweretechnicallyunavoidable.
35.Thispassageismostprobablytakenfromanarticleentitled“_______”.
A)EnergyConservation
B)HousesBuildingCrisis
C)AirPollutionIndoors
D)TrapsinBuildingConstruction
PassageFour
Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
In1993.NewYorkStateorderedstorestochargeadepositonbeverage(饮料)containers.Withinayear.Consumershadreturnedmillionsofaluminumcansandglassandplasticbottles.Plentyofcompanieswereeagertoacceptthealuminumandglassasrawmaterialsfornewproducts.Butbecausefewcouldfigureoutwhattodowiththeplastic,muchofitwoundupburiedinlandfills(垃圾填埋场).TheproblemwasnotlimitedtoNewYork.Unfortunately,thereweretoofewusesforsecond-handplastic.
Today,oneoutoffiveplasticsodabottlesisrecycled(回收利用)intheUnitedStates.Thereasonforthechangeisthatnowtherearedozensofcompan
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