BW100型泥浆泵曲轴箱与液力端特性分析设计外文文献原文.docx
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BW100型泥浆泵曲轴箱与液力端特性分析设计外文文献原文.docx
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BW100型泥浆泵曲轴箱与液力端特性分析设计外文文献原文
毕业设计外文原文
《StandardHandbookofPetroleum&NaturalGasEngineering》
byLyons,WilliamC.;Plisga,GaryS.
Publication:
Burlington,MAElsevier,2005
3.3PUMPS
Pumpsareamechanicaldevicethatforcesafluidtomove
fromonepositiontoanother.Usuallyapumpreferstothe
mechanicalmeanstomoveincompressible(ornearlyincompressible)
fluidorliquid.Pumpsareourearliestmachineandaretothisdayoneofourmostnumerousmechanicaldevices.Pumpsareaveryessentialpartoftheoilandgasindustry.Theyareusedthroughouttheindustry,fromdrilling
operationsthroughtofinaldeliverytothecustomer.
3.3.1Classifications
Pumpsareclassifiedintotwobasicclasses,displacement
anddynamics.Themostwidelyusedpumpsintheoilandgasindustry
arereciprocatingdisplacementpumps(inparticularpiston
plungertype),therotarydisplacementpump,andthecentrifugal
dynamicpump.Onlythesepumpswillbediscussedindetail.
Thereciprocatingandrotarypositivedisplacementpumps
primarycharacteristicisthattheyhaveanearlydirectrelationship
betweenthemotionofthepumpingelementsand
thequantityofliquidpumped.Thus,inpositivedisplacement
pumpsliquiddisplacement(ordischargefromthe
device)istheoreticallyequaltothesweptvolumeofthe
pumpingelement.Figure3.3.3showsthetypicalpositive
displacementplotofdischargerateQ(ft3/s)versuspressure
P(lbs/ft2)[3].Thedischargerateremainsthesame
(assumingaconstantrateofrotationforthesystem)regardless
ofthepressureintheflow.Thepressureintheflow
is,ofcourse,theresultofresistanceintheflowsystem
thepumpdischargesto.Iftheresistanceincreases,rotation
canbemaintainedandmoreforceappliedtoeachstroke
ofthepump(i.e.,power).Thisiswhythereciprocatingpiston
plungerpumpisalsocalledapowerpump.Inpractice,
pressuredoeshavesomeinfluenceonthecapacityofthese
pumps.Thisisbecauseasthepressureincreases,thereis
someleakageofthesealsinthesystem.Thisleakageis
somewhatproportionaltothepressure,particularlybeyond
somecharacteristicpressurerelatedtotheseals.Thedifference
betweentheoreticalflowandtheactualflowofapump
isoftenreferredtoasslip.ThisslipisshowninFigure3.3.3.
Inthedynamicpump,inparticular,thecentrifugalpump,
thedischargerateQisdeterminedbytheresistancepressure
Pintheflowsystemthepumpdischargesto(assuming
somegivenspeedofthepump).ThisisillustratedinFigure3.3.4.
3.3.3ReciprocatingPumps
Thepistonplungerpumpisthesimplestformofapositive
displacementpump.Thesepumpscanbepoweredby
avarietyofprimemovers,internalcombustionengines,and
electricmotors(andinsomecases,poweredbyagasturbine
motor).Insuchapplications,theseparatepumpunitis
connectedtotheprimemoverbyapowertransmission.
Thecapacityofapumpisdeterminedbythenumberof
plungersorpistonsandthesizeoftheseelements(boreand
stroke).Areciprocatingpumpisusuallydesignedforaspecific
volumetricratecapacityandpressurecapability.These
factorsaresetbytheapplication.Oncethevolumetricrate
capacityandpressurecapabilityareknown,adesignercan
determinetheplungerpistonboreandstroketherotation
speedrangeandthepoweroftheprimemoverneededto
completethesystem.Reciprocatingpumpsarefabricatedinbothhorizontalandverticalconfigurations.
3.3.3.1Single-ActingPump
Asingle-actingpumphasonlyonepower(anddischarge)
strokeforitspistons.Suchapumpbringsfluidintoitschamber
throughtheinletorsuctionvalueorthepistonisdrawn
backwardtoopenthechamber.Todischargethefluid,the
inletvalveisclosedandtheoutletvalveopenedasthepiston
isforcedforwardtopushthefluidfromthechamberinto
thedischargeline.Thepistonmotionisaccomplishedbya
rotatingcrankshaftthatisconnectedtothepistonbyapiston
rodmuchlikeaninternalcombustionpistonengine.The
rotatingcrankshaftofthepumpisrotatedbytherotational
poweroftheprimemover(throughatransmission)[7].
Thesingle-actionpumpisusuallyavailablewiththree,five
andevensevenpistons.Theoddnumberofpistonsallows
thepumptoberotationallybalanced,andtheuseofatleast
threepistonsreducesthedischargepulsationofthesesingle-acting
pumps.Athreepistonpumpsingle-actionpumpis
calledatriplexpump.Afivepiston,orsevenpistonsingle-acting
pumpiscalledamultiplexpump.
3.3.3.2Double-ActingPump
Double-actingpumpshavetwopowerstrokes.Asapiston
ofthepumpispushedforward,thefluidisdischargedfrom
theforwardchamberintothedischargeline(muchlikea
single-actionpiston).Butduringthissamestroke,thechamber
behindthepiston(whichcontainstheconnectingrod)
isbeingfilledviathatchamber’sinletvalve(Figure3.3.5).
Whentheforwardpowerstrokeiscompleteandthefluiddischarged
fromthechamberinfrontofthepiston,thechamber
behindthepistonisfilled.Thecrankshaftcontinuestorotate,
requiringthepistontobeginarearwardstroke.Duringthis
strokethefluidbehindthepistonisforcedfromitschamber
intothedischargelineviatheoutletvalveandthechamber
infrontofthepistonrefillsviaitsinletvalve[7].
Double-actingpumpsareusuallyavailablewithoneortwopistons.
Aone-pistondouble-actionpumpiscalledadouble-acting
simplex(sincethereareoldersingle-actionsteamandpneumatic
drivensimplexpumps).Atwopistondouble-actionpumpiscalledaduplexpump.
3.3.3.3FlowCharacteristics
Allreciprocatingpumpshaveapulsatingdischarge.Thisis
theresultofthepistonmotionasitstopsandreverses.At
thismoment,theflowfromthatpistontheoreticallydrops
tozero.Thus,thedischargecurvesasafunctionoftime
arethoseillustratedinFigure3.3.6.Byhavingtwoormorepistonsthepulsationofthedischargefromthepumpcanbesmoothedoutandthemagnitudeofthepulsationreducedifthepistonsmotionsaretimedforproperdynamicbalancingofthepump(Figure3.3.7).Forthosepumpsthathavelargepulsations,acushionchange(oraccumulator)maybeused
inthedischargelinetoreduceoreliminatethepulsations
(Figure3.3.8).
Singleactingmudpumppiston
Disclosedisasingleactingmudpumppistonassemblyadaptedforuseinamudpumpmechanismincludingapistonandhavinganendportionwithashoulderreciprocatinglymountedinacylinder.Theassemblyincludesacircularflangemountedontheendportioninabuttmentwiththeshoulder.Ahubisremovablymountedontheendportioninabuttmentwiththeflange.Apistoncapismountedaboutthehubinabuttmentwiththeflange.Theassemblyisheldtogetherbyawasherandanutengagingtheendportion.
Apistonassemblyforuseinasingleactingmudpumpincludingacylinderandapistonrodreciprocatinglymountedinthecylinder,saidpistonrodincludingacylindricalendportionandaradiallyoutwardlyextendingshoulder,saidpistonassemblycomprising:
acircularplanarflangehavinganoutsidediameterlessthantheinsidediameterofthecylinderandhavingaborethroughthecenterthereof,saidborehavingadiametersubstantiallyequaltothediameterofsaidcylindricalendportionofsaidpistonrod,saidflangebeingadaptedtobecarriedonsaidcylindricalendportioninabuttmentwithsaidshoulder;meansforformingasealbetweensaidflangeandsaidpistonrod;acircularplanarhubhavinganoutsidediameterlessthantheoutsidediameterofsaidflangeandhavingaborethroughthecenterthereof,saidborehavingadiametersubstantiallyequaltothediameterofsaidcylindricalendportionofsaidpistonrod,saidhubhavinganaxialthickness,saidhubbeingadaptedtobecarriedbysaidcylindricalendportionofsaidpistonrodinremovableabuttingrelationshipwithsaidflange;acircularelastomericpistoncuphavingabodywithanoutsidediametersubstantiallyequaltotheoutsidediameterofsaidflangeandanoutwardlyflaringannularliphavinganoutsidediametergreaterthantheinsidediameterofthecylinder,saidpistoncuphavingaborethroughthecenterthereof,saidborehavingadiametersubstantiallyequaltotheoutsidediameterofsaidhub,saidpistoncuphavingacentralportionsurroundingsaidborehavinganaxialthicknessatleastequaltotheaxialthicknessofsaidhub,saidpistoncupbeingadaptedtoberemovablycarriedaboutsaidhubinremovableabuttingrelationshipwithsaidflange;acircularplanarwasherhavinganoutsidediametergreaterthantheoutsidediameterofsaidhubandaninsidediametersubstantiallyequaltothediameterofsaidcylindricalendportionofsaidpistonrod,adaptedtobecarriedbysaidcylindricalendportionofsaidpistonrodinremovableabuttingrelationshipwithsaidhubandthecentralportionofsaidpistoncup;andaretainingnutadaptedtothreadablyengagesaidcylindricalendportionofsaidpistonrodtourgesaidwasherintoabuttmentwithsaidhubandsaidcentralportionofsaidpistoncup.
Asingleactingmudpumpmechanismwhichcomprises:
acylinderhavinganinsidediameter;apistonrodreciprocatinglymountedinsaidcylinder,saidpistonrodincludingathreadedcylindricalendportionandaradiallyoutwardlyextendingshoulder;acircularplanarflangeremovablymountedonsaidendportioninabuttmentwithsaidshoulderandhavinganoutsidediameterlessthantheinsidediameterofthecylinderandhavingaborethroughthecenterthereof,saidborehavingadiametersubstantiallyequaltothediameterofsaidcylindricalendportionofsaidpistonrod;meansforformingasealbetweensaidflange
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