考研英语阅读理解标准90篇+提高30篇Unit6.docx
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考研英语阅读理解标准90篇+提高30篇Unit6.docx
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考研英语阅读理解标准90篇+提高30篇Unit6
Unit6
Knowledgemakeshumble,ignorancemakesproud.
博学使人谦逊,无知使人骄傲。
学习内容
题材
词数
建议时间
得分统计
做题备忘
PartA
Text1
社会生活
466
/10
Text2
科普知识
465
/10
Text3
商业经济
446
/10
Text4
文化教育
420
/10
PartB
商业经济
586
/10
PartC
社会生活
455
/10
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingtexts.Answerthequestionsbloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].
Text1
Psychologicallytherearetwodangerstobeguardedagainstinoldage.Oneoftheseisundueabsorptioninthepast.Itdoesnotdotoliveinmemories,inregretsforthegoodolddays,orinsadnessaboutfriendswhoaredead.One’sthoughtsmustbedirectedtothefuture,andtothingsaboutwhichthereissomethingtobedone.Thisisnotalwayseasy;one’sownpastisagraduallyincreasingweight.
Theotherthingtobeavoidedisclingingtoyouthinthehopeofsuckingvigorfromitsvitality.Whenyourchildrenaregrownuptheywanttolivetheirownlives,andifyoucontinuetobeasinterestedinthemasyouwerewhentheywereyoung,youarelikelytobecomeaburdentothem,unlesstheyareunusuallycallous.Idonotmeanthatoneshouldbewithoutinterestinthem,butone’sinterestshouldbecontemplativeand,ifpossible,philanthropic,butnotundulyemotional.
Ithinkthatasuccessfuloldageiseasiestforthosewhohavestrongimpersonalinterestsinvolvingappropriateactivities.Itisinthisspherethatlongexperienceisreallyfruitful,anditisinthisspherethatthewisdombornofexperiencecanbeexercisedwithoutbeingoppressive.Itisnousetellinggrown-upchildrennottomakemistakes,bothbecausetheywillnotbelieveyou,andbecausemistakesareanessentialpartofeducation.
Someoldpeopleareoppressedbythefearofdeath.Youngmenwhohavereasontofearthattheywillbekilledinbattlemayjustifiablyfeelbitterinthethoughtofthattheyhavebeencheatedofthebestthingsthatlifehastooffer.Butinanoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoysandsorrows,andhasachievedwhateverworkitwasinhimtodo,thefearofdeathissomewhatabjectandignoble.Thebestwaytoovercomeitistomakeyourinterestsgraduallywiderandmoreimpersonal,untilbitbybitthewallsoftheegorecede,andyourlifebecomesincreasinglymergedintheuniversallife.Anindividualhumanexistenceshouldbelikeariver—smallatfirst,narrowlycontainedwithinitsbanks,andrushingpassionatelypastrocksandoverwaterfalls.Graduallytherivergrowswider,thebanksrecede,thewatersflowmorequietly,andintheend,withoutanyvisiblebreak,theybecomemergedinthesea,andpainlesslylosetheirindividualbeing.Themanwhoinoldagecanseehislifeinthiswaywillnotsufferfromthefearofdeath.Ishouldwishtodiewhilestillatwork,knowingthatotherswillcarryonwhatIcannolongerdoandcontentinthethoughtthatwhatwaspossiblehasbeendone.
1.Theauthorsuggeststhattheoldpeopleshould
[A]forgetthose“oldgooddays”.
[B]focustheirattentiononthethingstheycanpossiblydo.
[C]keepthemselvesawayfromthelifeoftheyoung.
[D]beemotionalwhenhelpingtheyoung.
2.Whomayleadahappylifeintheiroldage?
[A]Thosewhohavewisdomandexperience.
[B]Thosewhohavestronginterestsinvariousactivities.
[C]Thosewhoenjoythecompanyofthechildrenandgrandchildren.
[D]Thosewhoarecapableofstrongimpersonalinterests.
3.Whatisimpliedinthethirdparagraph?
[A]Educatedyoungpeoplemusthavemademanymistakes.
[B]Theoldshouldencouragetheirchildrentomakemistakes.
[C]Thewisdomoftheoldmanhelptheyouthtoavoidsomemistakes.
[D]Theexperienceoftheoldmanisagreathelptotheirimpersonalinterests.
4.Bycomparingtheindividualhumanexistencetoariver,theauthorwantstotellus
[A]howtheoldcanconquertheirfearofdeath.
[B]thebestwayfortheindividualtolivehislife.
[C]howtoacquirestrongimpersonalinterests.
[D]whattheindividualexistenceislike.
5.Whichofthefollowingmaybeanequivalenttotheexpression“thebanks”(Line9,Para.4)?
[A]Fearofdeath.[B]Wallsoftheego.
[C]Individualhumanexistence.[D]Personalinterests.
Text2
Manypublicationsmadeprivateinquiriesbeforepresidentialelection,generallybymeansofquestionnairessenttosubscribersandbytelephonesurveys.Theprinciplecommontoalltheseinquirieswasthattheydependedonquantityratherthanquality;littleeffortwasmadetoreachrepresentativesofallsegmentsofthepopulation.Still,theerroneousbeliefpersistedthatthegreaterthenumberofquestionnaires,themoreaccuratetheresultswouldbe.TherecordwasheldbytheAmericanMonthlyLiteraryDigest,whichsentoutmillionsofpostcardswithshortandpointedquestionsbeforeeachelection,andreceivedmanyhundredsofthousandsofreplies.Infact,in1932,theLiteraryDigest’sforecastwasoffbyonly1percent.
Inviewofsuchstrikingachievements,itseemedratherimpertinentfortheyoungAmericanjournalist,GeorgeGallup,toclaimthatlargenumberswereirrelevant,andthatequallyaccurateorbetterpredictionscouldbemadewithasmallbutcarefullyselectedsampleofthepopulationandasmallteamofskilledinterviewers.
In1936,Gallupconvincedthirty-fivenewspapereditorsthathissystemwasmuchcheaperthanthecustomarymassinquiriesandthatitcouldprovidesurprisinglyaccuratepredictions.Theeditorsfinallyagreed,onconditionthatifGallup’spredictionswerelessaccuratethanthoseobtainedbythetriedmethodoftheLiteraryDigest,hewouldhavetorefundtheentirecostoftheinvestigation.AlthoughtheLiteraryDigestbrokeitsownrecordbyobtainingtwomillionrepliestoitselectoralpostcardsthatyear,itspredictionwaswrongby19percent,whereasGallup’swasoffbylessthan1percent.
SuddenlyGallup’snamewasoneveryone’slips,notonlywashetheprophetofthemoment,butitwasgenerallyconcededthathehadfoundedanewandmostimportantscientificmethodofprediction.Hewasshoweredwithmoneyandcommissions,andtheGallupPollbecameagenerictermforpublicopinionpolls.
Gallupusuallysampleshissubjectsaccordingtosixfactors:
state,sizeofcommunity,age,sex,income,andpoliticalaffiliation.
Onlywhenthecompositionoftheelectoratehasbeenaccuratelydeterminedcanthepurelyarithmeticalquestion—howmanypeopleineachbracketmustbeinterviewed—besolved.Oncethisisdone,lawsofprobabilitytakeover,andthemorepeopleinterviewed,themoreexacttheestimateswillbe.However,aboveacertainmaximumnumberofinterviews,theaccuracyincreasesbynomorethanafractionalpercentage—andwhereerrorsofupto2percentarepermissible,afewthousandquestionnaireswillaccuratelyreflecttheopinionsofthetotalUnitedStateselectorate.
Gallup’smethodofsamplingtheelectoratewassuccessful.BeforeGallup,politicalpredictionswerenomorethanshotsinthedark,anditisasaresultofhisachievementthattodaywecanmaketrulyscientificforecastsinthisdifficultfield.
6.Intheauthor’sopinion,thecommonprincipleheldinthepre-electionpollwas
[A]successfulbecauseittookallsectionsofthepopulationintoconsideration.
[B]successfulbecausethepublicationssentoutnumerousquestionnaires.
[C]unsuccessfulbecauseitdidn’ttakethecompositionoftheelectorateintoconsideration.
[D]unsuccessfulbecauseitputemphasisonqualityinsteadofquantity.
7.WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheLiteraryDigestanditsforecast?
[A]Itbelievedthatmorequestionnairesmayensuremoreaccurateresults.
[B]Itheldtherecordinsendingouttheelectoralpostcardswithredundantquestions.
[C]Itsforecastin1932turnedouttobeafailure.
[D]Itspredictionin1936waswrongby1percent.
8.Gallupbecameahouseholdnameovernightbecause
[A]hisperformancein1936pre-electionpollwasexcellent.
[B]hewastheprophetofthemoment.
[C]hefoundedanewscientificmethodofprediction.
[D]hewasthefounderoftheGallupPoll.
9.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraphs5and6?
[A]Gallupfocusedmoreonquantitythanquality.
[B]GallupPollwasbasedonsociologicalratherthanarithmeticalcalculations.
[C]Gallupdeterminedthenumberoftheinterviewersfromthebeginning.
[D]ThereisnotamaximumnumberofinterviewersinGallupPoll.
10.Thephrase“shotsinthedark”inthelastparagraphmeans
[A]adventures.[B]dangers.
[C]wildguesses.[D]successfulattempts.
Text3
Howmanypeoplereallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?
Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.
Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultipleearner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.
Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflaborma
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