A级语法考点归纳.docx
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A级语法考点归纳.docx
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A级语法考点归纳
A级语法考点归纳
一.Subjunctivemood(虚拟语调)
1.虚拟语调在条件状语从句中用法
从句时态主句时态
与当前事实相反be----werewould(could,should,might)+do
do----did
与过去事实相反haddonewould(could,should,might)+havedone
与将来事实相反1.be—were
do---did
2.should+dowould(could,should,might)+do
3.wereto+do
IfIwereyou,Iwouldfurthermystudyabroad.
Ifyouhadtime,youshouldgotoseethefilmGonewiththewind.
IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldnothavemadesuchmistakes.
Ifyoubecame/shouldbecome/weretobecomeamillionaire,whatwouldyou
dofirst?
2.虚拟语调在宾语从句中用法
1)虚拟语调在表达建议、愿望、规定、命令此类词后宾语从句中谓语动词用should+do,should可以省去。
表建议:
suggest,advice,recommend,propose
表规定:
ask,require,request,demand,petition
表命令:
order,command,
表愿望:
desire
Eg.Hesuggestedthatalibraryshouldbesetupquickly.
ShedemandsthatIshouldpayherimmediately.
Heorderedthemanshouldbereleased.
TheQueendesiresthatyoushouldcomeatonce.
A级真题:
Thepolicemandemandedthatshe______heridentitycard.
A.showB.showedC.wouldshowD.hadshown
2)虚拟语调在wish,wouldrather,wouldsooner后宾语从句中用法。
用普通过去时表达当前状况did
用过去完毕时表达过去状况haddone
Eg.IwishIwereyoungagain.
IwishIhadlistenedtoyouradvicethen.
Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruthnow.
Iwouldsooneryoudidn’taskmethatquestion.
I’dratheryouhadn’ttoldmethenewsyesterday
A级真题:
1.Iwouldratheryou(leave)________forHangZhoulastweek.
2.Myfatherwisheshe(go)_______tocollegewhenhewasyoung.
3.IwishI(can)_______helpyou.
3.虚拟语调在主语从句中用法:
句型:
itisimportant/essential/appropriate/imperative/vital/strange/surprising/naturalthat+(should)do
Eg.Itisimportantthatheworkhard.
Itisessentialthatthemissionnotfail.
Itisimperativethatyoushouldnotbeseenhere.
Itisvitaltoherhealththatshetakethismedicine.
Itissurprisingthatheshouldkilltimelikethat.
4.虚拟语调在It’shightimethat引导定语从句中用法:
从句中用普通过去时(did)表达与当前事实相反,
意思是:
到了该做什么时候了
A级真题:
It’shightimethatwe________(buy)anewcar.
It’shightimethatwe________(stop)playingcomputergames.
二.Attributiveclause(定语从句)
限制性定语从句
1.关系代词:
who,whom,which,that,whose,as在从句中充当句子成分
Thisistheboy______brokethevase.(who)
Heistheteacher______everyonerespects.(whom)
Theplaneisamachine_______canfly.(which/that)
Thisisthebestfilm______Ihaveeverseen.(that)
Iwanttobookaroom_______windowisfacingthesea.(whose)
Heissuchalovelyboy_______makeseveryonehappy.(as)
2.关系副词:
when,where,why在从句中不充当句子成分
Iwillneverforgettheday_______IjoinedtheParty.(when/onwhich)
Thisisthehouse______Ilivedtwoyearsago.(where/inwhich)
Doyouknowthereason_______heiscrying?
(why/forwhich)
只用that状况:
1.先行词被序数词或形容词最高档修饰时:
Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistoworkoutaplan.
HeisthemostexcellentstudentthatIhaveevertaught.
2.先行词是指物不定代词all,everything,nothing,something,anything,
little,few,much,none.
IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?
Allthatglittersisnotgold.
Thereislittlethatcanbedoneaboutit.
3.先行词被any,every,only,very,all修饰时:
Heistheonlypersonthatcanbetrusted.
HeistheverypersonthatIamlookingfor.
4.先行词既涉及人也涉及物时:
Therearemanypersonsandthingsthatwemustdealwithinourdaily
非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句先行词只能是一种名词或代词;非限制性定语从句先行词既可以是一种名词或代词,也可以是一种句子。
这时,连词选which或as.
普通状况下,先行词在从句中充当主语时用which;先行词在从句中充当宾语或表语时用as.
Eg.Ourclasshaswonthebasketball,whichmadeushappy.
此句中Ourclasshaswonthebasketball整个句子是先行词,在从句中作主语
Asweallknow,NewYorkisthecapitaloftheAmerica.
此句中NewYorkisthecapitaloftheAmerica整个句子是先行词,在从句中作宾语
A级真题:
ShehasfalleninlovewithJack,_______Ifindhardtoimagine.
A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which
此题中ShehasfalleninlovewithJack整句是先行词,作从句中find宾语,故选D.which
三.Nounclause(名词性从句)
从属连词that,whether在从句中不充当句子成分
连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever
在从句中充当句子成分
连接副词when,where,how,why在从句中不充当句子成分
1.主语从句
_____hebecameanartistisduetohisfather’sinfluence.(that)
_____itwilldousharmremainstobeseen.(whether)
_____shewantsonher18thbirthdayisamobilephone.(what)
_____wesaymustbebasedonfact.(what/whatever)
_____teamwillwinthegameremainsamystery.(which)
_____willbeinchargeoftheprojecthasn’tbeenmadepublic.(who)
_____Ispendmyholidayisnoneofyourbusiness.(when/where/whether)
Itisnotclear_____hewasabsentfromthemeeting.(why)
Itisunlikely______hecouldacceptsuchanoffer.(that)
2.宾语从句
Atfirst,hedidn’trealize_______hehadsucceeded.(that)
Ithink_______youmissedaninstructivelecture.(that)
Ididn’tknow______theyweresatisfiedwiththearrangement.(whether)
Doyouknow______theyleftforHongKong?
(why/when/whether)
Iwanttoknow_____Tomsaid.(what)
3.表语从句
Thereasonwas______hewastoopoortoseeadoctor.(that)
Thequestionis______youareafterinlife:
fameorpersonalgain.(what)
Aprilis______thelilacsbloom.(when)
4.同位语从句
在同位语从句中被修饰名词Fact,idea,news,belief,truth,hope,doubt,opinion,decision,suggestion,impression,conclusion,evidence,proposal,question,problem,theory,information,possibility.
Igottheimpression______youareunhappytoday.(that)
Thereisadoubt_______shewillcometotheparty.(whether)
Hehadnoidea______shelefthome.(why)
四.分词
1.分词形式
积极被动
当前分词普通形式doingbeingdone
完毕形式havingdonehavingbeendone
过去分词done
2.分词基本用法:
1)作表语:
Thefootballmatchwasexciting.
Shelooksdisappointed.
2)作定语:
Heisapromisingyoungman.
Thewoundedsoldierwastakenofftothehospital.
Alittlechildlearningtowalkoftenfalls.
What’sthelanguagespokeninthatcountry?
3)作状语:
随着:
Wesatonthesofa,watchingTV.
Thestudentscameoutoftheclassroom,laughingandchatting.
Theteachercameout,______bythestudents.(followed)
时间:
Hehurthislegwhileplayingfootball.
Havingfoundahotel,theybegantolookforarestaurant.
After______ahotel,theybegantolookforarestaurant.(finding)
条件:
Ifgivenachance,Iwouldgoabroadtofurthermystudy.
因素:
Beingshortofmoney,hecan’taffordanewcar.
Nothavingreceivedananswer,Idecidedtowritehimanotherletter.
成果:
Hedied,leavingfivechildren.
五.动名词和不定式在句中作宾语时区别
1.如下动词或短语后只能跟动名词作宾语
Avoid,consider,appreciate,delay,dislike,enjoy,excuse,fancy,forgive,finish,imagine,keep,mind,pardon,postpone,prevent,practise,resist,risk,suggest,understand.
It’snouse,beworth,havetrouble/difficultyin,betiredof,devoteone’slifeto,insiston,lookforwardto,besuccessfulin,befondof,bebusy,becapableof,beproudof,can’thelp,keepon
A级真题:
1)Doyouhaveanydifficultyin_______Japanese?
A)learnB)learningC)tolearnD)havinglearnt
2)It'sbettertoavoid______downtownduringtherushhour.
A)todriveB)havingdrivenC)tobedrivingD)driving
2.如下动词或短语后只能跟动词不定式
Decide,desire,expect,wish,want,pretend,promise,refuse,manage,agree,permit
A级真题:
1.Wedecided______thehouse.
A)nottobuyB)buyingC)notbuyingD)notbought
3.有些动词后既可跟动名词,也可跟不定式,但意思不同
1)Remember,forget,regret
+doing表达动作已发生
+todo表达动作还没发生
Eg.IrememberedbeingtakentoBeijingwhenIwasachild.(已发生)
Remembertocheckyourmailbox.(未发生)
Iforgetlockingthedoor.(门锁过了,但忘掉了这件事)
Iforgettolockthedoor.(忘掉锁门了,门没锁)
Iregrettellingherthetruth.(我后悔告诉了她真相)
Iregrettotellyouthatyourapplicationwasdenied.(我很遗憾地要告诉你你申请被否决了)
2)stop+doing停止正在做事情
+todo停下来去做另一件事情
Eg.Stoptalkingplease.
Stoptolistentome.
3)want,need,require
物作主语时
+doing用积极语态代替被动语态
+tobedone用被动语态
Eg.Hisshoesneedmending/tobemended.
Theproblemneedslookinginto/tobelookedinto.
4)try+doing试着做某事
try+todo努力,企图做某事
Eg.Hetriedsendingflowerstothegirl,butshedidn’taccept.
Youshouldtrytoadjusttothecoldweatherhere.
5)beafraid+ofdoing生怕做某事
+todo不敢做某事
Eg.Shewasafraidtostepfurtheringrassbecauseshewasafraidofbeingbittenbyasnake.(她不敢踏进草丛深处由于怕被蛇咬)
六.倒装句:
某些倒装
当否定副词用于句首时,句子某些倒装:
hardly,barely,rarely,seldom,never,nowhere,nolonger,little,few
Hardly/barelycouldIunderstandwhathesaid.
Seldomdidhegoanywhereexcepttohisoffice.
NeverhaveIseensuchanicemovie.
Nowhereweretheytobefound.
Nolongerwasheinchargeofthework.
Littledidhethinkoftheconsequences.
Fewwordsdidtheyexchange.
七.情态动词完毕体:
Should/oughttohavedone(本应当)
Heshouldhavetoldheraboutit.她本该把这事告诉她。
(抱怨)
Youshouldhavecometotheclassat8o’clock.
Couldhavedone(本可以)
Youcouldhavetypedthisforme.你本可以把它用打字机打出来。
(责怪)
Icouldhavefinishedthepaper.ButI’mlatefortheexam.
Needn’thavedone(本不必)
Youneedn’thavebroughtmeflowers-howkindofyou.你本不必带花给我,你真好。
(赞许)
Musthavedone(一定做过,表猜测)
Youmusthavemisunderstoodherwords.
Youmusthavehadagoodsleeplastnight,youlookenergetic.
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