高三英语一轮复习必修一Unit 4 Earthquakes课堂提升练试题.docx
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高三英语一轮复习必修一Unit 4 Earthquakes课堂提升练试题.docx
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高三英语一轮复习必修一Unit4Earthquakes课堂提升练试题
高三英语模块复习-单元课堂提升练试题
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·邯郸模拟C)Haveyouevernoticedtinyraisedareasonthebranchesofatree?
Thesemayhavebeeninsects.Thesesmallinsectsfeedontreesap(汁液).Insectsonurbantreesarenotablymoreabundantthanthoseonruraltrees.Asaresult,urbantreessufferfromheavyinfestations(害虫横行),andareoftenunhealthyordie.Toprotectandrestoreurbantrees'health,weneedtodeterminethefactorsthatmakethesetreepestsmoresuccessfulinurbanhabitats.
Livingorganismsinteractcloselywiththeirenvironment.Thewarmer,moredrought-stressedtreesharbormoresuccessfulpeststhancooler,lessdrought-stressedtrees.Ascitiesandnaturalhabitatsbecomehotteranddrier,damaginginsectswillbecomemoreabundantonurbantrees.
Treeswithinurbanforestsarevaluableeconomicallyandfortheenvironmentalsustainability(可持续性)oftheregion.Morethanhalfoftheworld'spopulationlivesincities.Acrosstheglobe,peoplearemovingintocitiesatafasterratethanever.Rapidgrowthmayturncitiesintoplaceswithharderconditions.Althoughcitiesareprimarilymadeofbuildings,roads,parkinglots,andvehicles,therearestillplantsinthem.Thetreeswithinacityarereferredtoastheurbanforest.Urbanforestsofferverybigbenefitstohumanandenvironmentalhealth.Theyimproveairandwaterquality,providehabitatforwildlife,cooldowntemperaturesandbeautifyourenvironment.Theymakecitieslivable.
However,beingacitytreeisnoteasy.Heatreleasedbyhumanactivitiesistrappedincities.Asaresult,temperaturesinurbanareasareoftenwarmerthantheirsurroundingruralareas.Wecallthisurbanwarmingortheurbanheatislandeffect.Urbanhabitatsaremostlymadeofsurfacesofasphalt(沥青)andconcrete.Thesesurfacesreducetheamountofrainwaterthatreachestreeroots.Asaresult,urbanforestsmaysuffer,whichcannegativelyaffectpeopleandtheenvironment.
Whatcanwedotorestoreurbanforests?
Regularirrigationwhenpossiblemayhelpkeeppestpopulationsundercontrol.Plantingtreespeciesthataresuitabletohandleheatanddroughtstresswouldalsoreducetheoccurrenceofinsectpestoutbreaks.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了城市中的森林使城市宜居,但是人类的活动对城市的树木产生了极大的影响,所以我们应该为保护城市树木采取行动。
1.Whatmakestreepestsmoresuccessfulinthecitythaninruralareas?
A.Thewarmerandrainyhabitat.
B.Thehotteranddrierhabitat.
C.Thecooleranddrierhabitat.
D.Thehotterandrainyhabitat.
【答案】 B 细节理解题。
根据第二段Ascitiesandnaturalhabitatsbecomehotteranddrier,damaginginsectswillbecomemoreabundantonurbantrees.可知,使城市中的害虫比农村地区更多的原因是越来越热和干燥的栖息地。
故选B。
2.Urbanforestsmakecitieslivableby________.
A.providingpeopleenoughcleanwater
B.improvingthelivingenvironment
C.offeringpeopleeconomicbenefits
D.loweringthetemperatures
【答案】 B 细节理解题。
根据第三段Theyimproveairandwaterquality,providehabitatforwildlife,cooldowntemperaturesandbeautifyourenvironment.Theymakecitieslivable.可知,要通过改善居住环境使城市森林使城市宜居。
故选B。
3.Accordingtothetext,whatresultsinthecitytrees'suffering?
A.Naturaldisasters. B.Invisibleforces.
C.Humanactivities.D.Naturalevolution.
【答案】 C 细节理解题。
根据第三段主要讲了人类的活动对城市的树木产生了极大的影响,因此,城市森林可能受到损害,这也可能对人和环境产生不利影响。
故选C。
4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.TheImportanceoftheUrbanTrees
B.HowtoProtecttheUrbanTrees
C.UrbanTreesAreinGreatDanger
D.Let'sActfortheProtectionofUrbanTrees
【答案】 D 标题判断题。
本文主要介绍了城市中的森林使城市宜居,但是人类的活动对城市的树木产生了极大的影响,所以我们应该为保护城市树木采取行动。
故选D。
B
(2018·天津D)Giveyourselfatest.Whichwayisthewindblowing?
Howmanykindsofwildflowerscanbeseenfromyourfrontdoor?
Ifyourawarenessisassharpasitcouldbe,you'llhavenotroubleansweringthesequestions.
Mostofusobservedmuchmoreaschildrenthanwedoasadults.Achild'sdayisfilledwithfascination,newnessandwonder.Curiositygaveusallanaturalawareness.Butdistinctionsthatweresharptousaschildrenbecomeunclear;wearenumb(麻木的)tonewstimulation(刺激),newideas.Relearningtheartofseeingtheworldaroundusisquitesimple,althoughittakespracticeandrequiresbreakingsomebadhabits.
Thefirststepinawakeningsensesistostoppredictingwhatwearegoingtoseeandfeelbeforeitoccurs.Thisblocksawareness.OnechillynightwhenIwashikingintheRockyMountainswithsomestudents,Imentionedthatweweregoingtocrossamountainstream.Thestudentsbegancomplainingabouthowcolditwouldbe.Wereachedthestream,andtheyunwillinglywalkedahead.Theywerealmostknee-deepwhentheyrealizeditwasahotspring.Latertheyalladmittedthey'dfeltcoldwateratfirst.
Anotherblocktoawarenessistheobsession(痴迷)manyofushavewithnamingthings.Isawbirdwatcherswhospottedabird,immediatelylookeditupinfieldguides,andsaid,a“ruby-crownedkinglet”andcheckeditoff.Theynolongerpaidattentiontothebirdandneverlearnedwhatitwasdoing.
Thepressuresof“time”and“destination”arefurtherblockstoawareness.Iencounteredmanyhikerswhowereheadedtoadistantcamp-groundwithjustenoughtimetogettherebeforedark.Itseldomoccurredtothemtowanderabit,totakeamomenttoseewhat'saroundthem.Iaskedthemwhatthey'dseen.“Oh,afewbirds,”theysaid.Theyseemedbentontheirdestinations.
Natureseemstounfoldtopeoplewhowatchandwait.Nexttimeyoutakeawalk,nomatterwhereitis,takeinallthesights,soundsandsensations.Wanderinthisframeofmindandyouwillopenanewdimensiontoyourlife.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。
跟儿童相比,成年人的观察能力有所退化。
那究竟是什么阻碍了我们重新学习观察周围世界的艺术呢?
作者给出了答案——一是惯于预测,二是痴迷于命名事物,三是只想赶时间,到达目的地。
作者建议我们花点儿时间去观察和等待,这样,我们就会看到生活的一个新的方面。
5.AccordingtoParagraph2,comparedwithadults,childrenaremore________.
A.anxioustodowonders
B.sensitivetoothers'feelings
C.likelytodevelopunpleasanthabits
D.eagertoexploretheworldaroundthem
【答案】 D 细节理解题。
根据第二段中的“Mostofusobservedmuchmoreaschildrenthanwedoasadults.(我们大多数人在孩提时代比成人后观察得更多)”可知,孩子们更渴望探索他们周围的世界,故答案为D。
其他三项无中生有。
6.WhatideadoestheauthorconveyinParagraph3?
A.Toavoidjumpingtoconclusions.
B.Tostopcomplainingallthetime.
C.Tofollowtheteacher'sadvice.
D.Toadmitmistakeshonestly.
【答案】 A 推理判断题。
该段中作者讲述了自己的一次经历——学生听“我”说“我们”要过山里的一条小溪,他们就开始抱怨它很凉,不愿意往前走,但实际上这条小溪很浅,而且是温泉。
作者想借此经历告诉我们不要草率下结论,与本段关键词stoppredicting相符。
故答案为A。
jumptoconclusions匆忙下结论;贸然断定。
7.Thebirdwatchers'behaviorshowsthatthey________.
A.areverypatientintheirobservation
B.arereallyfascinatedbynature
C.careonlyaboutthenamesofbirds
D.questiontheaccuracyofthefieldguides
【答案】 C 推理判断题。
根据第四段的第一句知本段讲的是人们痴迷于给事物命名。
观鸟者看到一只鸟,知道它的名字后就不再去注意它,也不再去了解它正在做什么。
这表明他们只关心鸟的名字,故答案为C。
8.Whydothehikerstakenonoticeofthesurroundingsduringthejourney?
A.Thenaturalbeautyisn'tattractivetothem.
B.Theyfocusonarrivingatthecampintime.
C.Theforestinthedarkisdangerousforthem.
D.Theyarekeentoseerarebirdsatthedestination.
【答案】 B 推理判断题。
根据第五段的第一句可知,“时间”和“目的地”的压力阻挡了人们对大自然的感知,因为急着按时赶到目的地,人们无暇顾及沿途的风景,故答案为B。
A项“自然美景对他们没有吸引力”,曲解文意;C项“黑暗中的森林对他们而言很危险”,无中生有;D项“他们很想在目的地看到珍稀鸟类”,无中生有。
9.Inthepassage,theauthorintendstotellusweshould________.
A.filloursensestofeelthewondersoftheworld
B.getridofsomebadhabitsinourdailylife
C.openourmindtonewthingsandideas
D.tryourbesttoprotectnature
【答案】 A 推理判断题。
根据最后一段中的takeinallthesights,soundsandsensations知,作者建议我们下次散步时,不管在哪里,都应该欣赏周围的风景,聆听周边的声音,好好感受我们周围的世界,故答案为A。
B项“摆脱我们日常生活中的一些坏习惯”,非文章主旨;C项“乐于接受新事物和新思想”,无中生有;D项“尽我们最大的努力保护大自然”,无中生有。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Asscientistslearnmoreaboutthecausesofearthquakes,theybecomebetterabletopredictthem.Firstofall,theyknowthatquakesare__1__tooccurinareaswherethetectonic(地壳构造的)platespush__2__eachother.They__3__theseareasclosely,usingdifferentinstruments.They__4__thevibrations(震动)oftheearthwithseismographs(地震仪),which__5__onrollsofpaperallmovements,bothlargeandsmall.ScientistsusuallyusetheRichterscale(里氏震级),__6__afterafamousseismologist,forthesemeasurements.Whenanearthquakemeasuresover4.5ontheRichterscale,itis__7__enoughtocausedamage.Scientistshavedeterminedthata(an)__8__isnotlikelytohavealarge__9__whenmanysmallquakeshavebeen__10__.Whenthesmallquakesstop,thenpressure__11__andastrongquakeismorelikely.
Thereareseveralother__12__topredictearthquakes.Scientistscanmeasurethetiny__13__inthetilt(倾斜)ofthelandthathappenbeforeanearthquakeoccurs.Increasesintheamountofradon(氡),asubstancefoundindeep__14__,aswellasahighlevelofwaterinthewells,canalso__15__thatanearthquakeislikelytooccur.Inaddition,scientistshavefoundthatsomeanimals,likedogs,behave__16__beforeanearthquake:
theybecome__17__andhowl.
Seismologistshave__18__predictedseveralearthquakes,suchastheearthquakewhichoccurredinZhangjiakou,Chinain1998.__19__,notallearthquakesarepredictable,andasystemforpredictingisnotyet__20__.
1.A.possible B.likely
C.probable D.hopeful
【答案】 B sb./sth.islikelytodosth.意为“某人/某物有可能做某事”。
probable,possible常用it作主语。
2.A.over B.up
C.on D.against
【答案】 D pushagainststh.意为“对某物施加压力,挤压某物”。
3.A.study B.learn
C.search D.watch
【答案】 A 本句意“使用不同的仪器,他们密切地研究这些地区”。
4.A.take B.observe
C.measure D.notice
【答案】 C 根据文意,他们测量地球的震动。
5.A.write B.record
C.note D.report
【答案】 B 地震仪将地球所有运动都记录在纸上。
6.A.called B.given
C.signed D.named
【答案】 D namesth./sb.aftersb./sth.意为“以某人/某物的名字命名某人/某物”。
7.A.strong B.big
C.large D.clear
【答案】 A 此句句意“当测量的地震超过里氏4.5级时,它就可引起强烈破坏”。
8.A.land B.plate
C.area D.place
【答案】 C area指地图上或图表上所标明的或可以实际看到界限的某一地区或地界。
9.A.accident B.earthquake
C.disaster D.damage
【答案】 B 此处指科学家判断大地震发生的可能情况。
10.A.shaking B.occurring
C.producing D.planning
【答案】 B occur意思为“发生”。
11.A.bui
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