安徽省普通高等学校专升本招生考试主要英语语法复习.docx
- 文档编号:12542444
- 上传时间:2023-04-20
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:38
- 大小:40.88KB
安徽省普通高等学校专升本招生考试主要英语语法复习.docx
《安徽省普通高等学校专升本招生考试主要英语语法复习.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《安徽省普通高等学校专升本招生考试主要英语语法复习.docx(38页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
安徽省普通高等学校专升本招生考试主要英语语法复习
专升本语法讲解
一、名词、代词、冠词、数词
(一)名词:
1、名词分类:
专有名词、普通名词(个体名词、集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词)
个体名词(C):
lawyer,gun,country
集体名词(C):
committee,family,staff,police,crew,cattle(*作为复数)
物质名词(U):
cotton,tea,air,gold,sand
抽象名词(U):
work,happiness,enthusiasm,information
类型的转换:
物质名词——个体名词:
glass—aglass,iron—aniron,copper—acopper,tin—atin,paper—apaper
抽象名词——个体名词:
youth—ayouth,relation—arelation,democracy—ademocracy,beauty—abeauty
●可数vs.不可数
Doyoucarefortea?
LongJingisawell-knowntea.
Doyoulikechocolate?
Heboughtusaboxofchocolates?
Havesomecoffee.Twocoffees,please.
●不可数名词的量
Apieceofnews/advice/information/work…
Abottleofmilk/ink…
2、名词的数:
单数、复数
特殊的名词复数:
●以“O”结尾,不加es的:
末尾为两个元音字母;外来词:
radios,bamboos,zoos;photos,pianos,memos,tobaccos
●以“f/fe”结尾,直接加es的:
Roofs,cliffs,proofs,hoofs,chiefs,gulfs,beliefs
●不规则形式:
英语中古的复数形式;外来词
Man-men,tooth—teeth,child-children,ox-oxen
Phenomenon-phenomena,thesis-theses,crisis-crises,criterion-criteria
●单复数同形:
Chinese,Japanese,aircraft,sheep,deer,fish,swine,means,series,species…
●合成名词的复数:
只把主体名词改为复数:
looker(s)-on,runner(s)-on,son(s)-in-law
由man/woman构成的合成名词,全部都变:
man-servant—men-servants,womandoctor—womendoctors
●常以复数形式出现的:
两部分构成的;以-ing结尾的;其他
Scissors,trousers,glasses,pants…
Belongings,surroundings,savings,findings…
Statistics,overalls,congratulations,clothes,stairs
●以-s为词尾,但做单数看的词:
Phonetics,politics,physics
3.名词的格:
’s;“of”
4.名词在句中的作用:
作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等
●主语:
Complacencyistheenemyofstudy.
●表语:
Weareallservantsofthepeople.
●宾语:
Heknowsfivelanguages.
●定语:
IsitacolourTV?
●补语:
Weelectedhimourmonitor.
二、代词:
人称代词、物主代词、自身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词、不定代词
1、人称代词、物主代词、自身代词
单数
复数
一
二
三
一
二
三
人称代词
主格
I
you
he,she,it
we
you
they
宾格
me
you
him,her,it
us
you
them
物主代词
形容词型
my
your
his,her,its
our
your
their
名词型
mine
yours
his,hers,its
ours
yours
theirs
自身代词
单数
myself
yourself
himself,herself,itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
2、相互代词:
oneanother,eachother
Wecanhelponeanother(eachother).
3、指示代词:
this,that,these,those
●指前面提到的事物:
that,those(避免重复)
ThebestcoalisthatfromNewcastle.
Thesemachinesarebetterthanthoseweturnedoutlastyear.
●*如果名词是单数可数名词,用theone更多
I’lltaketheseatnexttotheonebythewindow.
Myroomislighterthantheonenextdoor.
●指下面要说的事物:
this,these
Iwanttoknowthis:
HasJohnbeenhere?
●Such:
作定语、主语、表语
Wehavehassuchabusyday.
Sucharetheresults.
Hisillnesswasnotsuchastocauseanxiety.
4.疑问代词:
who,whom,whose,what,which
5.关系代词:
引起定语从句who,whom,whose,that,which,(such…)as
6.连接代词:
引起主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句(所有的疑问代词、what)
7、不定代词:
all,each,every,both,either,neither,one,none,little,few,many,much,otheranother,some,any,no及由some,any,no,every构成的合成代词。
其中,every,no只作定语;none和含有some,any,no,every的合成代词只能作主语、宾语、表语;其他的词能做主语、宾语、表语或定语。
●Allvs.Every
all从整体看(接可数或不可数名词),every从每一个个体看(修饰可数名词)
Everyoneishere.
Allarehere.
AllofthegoodsareimportantfromFrance.
Allislost.
●Eachvs.Every
each每一个,把一个个东西加以考虑,强调每一个独特的个体;every从个体到整体,强调全体或总体
Eachstudentmaytrytwice.
Everystudentintheclasspassedtheexamination.
*each具有代词、形容词或副词的作用
●不定代词做主语,动词用单数。
如有定语修饰,定语要后置。
bodything
Any(some,every)+thingno+body
oneone
neither,one,each,either,theother作主语时,动词也同样用单数。
Hehassomethingimportanttotellme.
●谈两个人或物用either,neither,both;两个以上用any,none,all
Both:
动词用复数形式
Bothofmychildrenareatschoolnow.
Either…or…;neither…nor动词采用就近原则
IfeitherJohnorMaryishere,theywillgetthemessage.
Neithertheboysnorthegirlsaretoblame.
None:
作主语时可以是单数或复数
三、冠词:
定冠词:
the;不定冠词:
a,an
1.The:
特指;独一无二的事物;类属;一类人(形容词前);形容词/副词最高级、序数词、only,main,sole,same修饰名词时
Theworldislikeabigstage.
Theairisfreshaftertherain.
Bedisthelazyman’sprison.
Thewiseseeksadvicefromthewiser.
Theonlywayonearthtomultiplyhappinessistodivideit.
2.a/an:
一个,一类人(可数名词前),一阵/份/场(物质名词前)
Sheneedsassistance.
Achildneedslove.
Theywerecaughtinaheavyrain.
3.*不用冠词:
抽象名词前,某一范围之内或某一情况下的有限类指,在一些并列结构中,泛指人类或男女,不可数或复数形式的疾病名词前
Progresshaslittletodowithspeed,butmuchtodowithdirection.
Trafficisheavyhere.
Husbandandwifewenttothemovies.
Manshouldhelpandloveeachother.
Hewasinbedwithflufortendays.
四、数词:
基数词、序数词
1.Ten,hundred,thousand,million表示具体的数量时无复数
2.Dozen,score,head,gross表示确切数字时不用复数
3.分数的表示法:
分子(基数词)/分母(序数词)
二、形容词、副词、介词
(一)形容词:
作定语、表语、壮语、宾补
Thepeoplehaveboundlesscreativepower.
Theactingwassuperb.
Hespentsevendaysinthewindandsnow,coldandhungry.
Wholeftthedooropen?
●不能作定语,只能作表语的形容词
Afraid,alone,alike,aware,alive,ashamed,content,unable
●more…than…
Theweatherisbettertodaythanyesterday.
●nomore…than…:
表示“和……一样不……”(=notas…as)
Icannomoresingthanhecandance.
●形容词比较级前表示程度的状语:
数量词,alittle/bit/gooddeal,far,even,much/any,no
Mysisteristwoyearsyoungerthanme.
Thistextisalittle/bitmoredifficultthantheotherone.
Heisfat,buthisbrotherisstillfatter.
Theircountryisagooddealricherthanours.
Shehasmadefargreaterprogressthistermthanshedidlastterm.
Thatoneisnogood.Thisoneisevenworse.
●as…as…,notso/as…as…:
(as+adj.+n.+as)
Heisasenergeticasayoungman.
Hishandwritingisnotso/asgoodasyours.
Inmyeyes,blackisasniceacolourasgreen.
TomisashelpfulafriendasMary.
●themore…themore
Themoretheytalked,themoreencouragedtheyfelt.
●Moreandmore
YourEnglishisgettingbetterandbetter.
●allthemore…(因而更加)
Asaresult,therichbecameallthericher.
●moreorless
Thequestionismoreorlesssettled.
●more/lessthan:
不到,不止
Shecan’tbemorethan50.
Thelightestweighslessthan20kilos.
●(not)…anymore,nomore,not…anylonger,nolonger,hadbetter
●形容词最高级前加冠词the,但作表语的形容词如果不是和别人相比,常不加冠词,或前面有物主代词,也不加。
Thatwasthecheapesthotelwecouldfind.
Vegetablesarebestwhentheyarefresh.
Tuesdayisourbusiestday.
●形容词短语
be+adj.+about:
anxious,certain,concerned,excited,happy,nervous,particular
be+adj.+at:
amazed,angry,annoyed,astonished,bad,clever,good,quick,ready,slow
be+adj.+for:
adequate,anxious,appropriate,eager,famous,fit,good,late,necessary,proper,responsible,right,thirsty,vital
be+adj.+from:
absent,distant,diverse,free,remote,safe,secure,separate
be+adj.+in:
absorbed,concerned,firm,interested,lacking,lost,low,poor,rich,skillful,weak,strong
be+adj.+of:
ashamed,aware,capable,careful,certain,characteristic,composed,confident,conscious,considerate,fond,greedy,ignorant,impatient,independent,jealous,proud,worthy
be+adj.+to:
accustomed,additional,alike,approximate,attractive,beneficial,common,cool,devoted,equal,essential,fair,faithful,harmful,helpful,just,loyal,necessary,next,open,opposite,polite,prior,proportional,sensitive,similar,strange,thankful,vital
be+adj.+with:
angry,annoyed,associated,bored,busy,comparable,concerned,content,crowded,delighted,faced,familiar,frank,friendly,identical,patient,pleased,popular,satisfied,strict,wild,wrong
(二)副词:
作状语
时间:
now,then,always,often,already,early…
地点:
here,there,above,down,up…
方式:
anxiously,badly,bravely,proudly,softly
程度:
much,little,abit,very,so,too,enough
疑问/连接/关系:
Where,How,Why,When(关系副词不包括how)
●副词排序:
方式+地点+时间
Shesangbeautifullyinthehalllastnight.
●排序原则:
具体→笼统,小→大,短→长(单词)
Isawtheprogramatteno’clockyesterday.
Shespokeslowly,sensiblyandnaturally.
(三)介词:
不能独立充当一个成分,需和其他词(名词、代词、动名词、连接代词引起的从句或不定时短语)构成介词短语作定语、状语、表语
简单介词:
about,across,after,againstamong,below,beside,besides,between,except,for,from…
合成介词:
inside,into,onto,outof,throughout,without
成语介词:
accordingto,alongwith,apartfrom,onbehalfof,nextto,priorto,withregardto,onaccountof
双重介词:
exceptfor,fromamong,frombehind,fromunder,fromacross,insideof,outsideof,untilafter
分词介词:
excluding,considering,concerning,following,involving,regarding,including
三、动词概述
谓语动词:
行为动词、连系动词、情态动词、助动词
非谓语动词:
动词不定式、动名词、分词(现在分词、过去分词)
(一)谓语动词:
在句中作谓语
类别
特点
举例
行为动词
及物动词
跟宾语(可用于被动语态)
Ishallappreciateyourgenerosity.
Heisrespectedbyhisstudents.
不及物动词
不跟宾语(不可用于被动语态)
Heneverworkshard.
系动词
跟表语:
1.形容词
2.名词
3.分词
4.介词短语
1.Iamhappytobehere.
2.Itseemedagoodidea.
3.Atlastthetruthbecameknown.
4.Hehasfallenintoabadhabit.
情态动词
跟动词原形(有自己的意思)
Icantype.
Whathesaysmustbetrue.
助动词
跟动词原形或分词(无特殊意思)构成:
1.否定及疑问句
2.各种时态
3.语态
4.语气
1.Hedidn’tcomeyesterday.
Doyouhaveadictionary?
2.Shehaspaidherincometax.
3.Hiscarwasstolenaweekago.
4.Hedidfinishthework.
5.IfIwereyou,Iwouldacceptit.
(二)非谓语动词:
在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语
●不定式:
起名词、形容词、副词的作用。
在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等
●动名词:
主要起名词的作用。
在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
●分词:
主要起形容词、副词的作用。
在句中作表语、定语、状语等。
Wehavecometolearnfromyou.
Sheisveryfondofreading.
Theyarebusypacking.
四、行为动词
(一)动词的时态:
共16个时态
一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
完成进行时态
现在
Write
Writes
Am/are/iswriting
Has/havewritten
Has/havebeenwriting
过去
wrote
Was/werewriting
Hadwritten
Hadbeenwriting
将来
Shall/willwrite
Shall/willbewriting
Shall/willhavewritten
Shall/willhavebeenwriting
过去将来
Should/wouldwrite
Should/wouldbewriting
Should/wouldhavewritten
Should/wouldhavebeenwriting
●表示状态和感觉的动词:
be,love,like,hate,want,hope,need,prefer,wish,know,understand,remember,believe,recognize,guess,suppose,mean,belong,think,feel,envy,doubt,remain,consist,c
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 安徽省 普通高等学校 招生 考试 主要 英语语法 复习