统计学的重要性doc.docx
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统计学的重要性doc.docx
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统计学的重要性doc
统计学介绍
统计学以概率论为基础的方法论学科,它在几乎所有的领域里面都具有重要的应用,统计学知识理论就像我们日常使用的电脑一样必不可少,是现代高级人才必备一种素质,在现代社会中没有统计学知识的人就如同一“文盲”.
统计学在人类活动当中举足轻重.统计学在工业、商业、贸易、物理学、化学、经济学、数学、生物学、植物学、心理学、天文学等等方面都扮演重要的角色,因此统计学的应用非常广泛,几乎涵盖每一个领域,下面我们来具体看一下它能运用在哪些方面.
1.统计学将帮助您成为一位成功的商人.成功的商人必须能够快速准确做出决策.如果你知道客户需要什么,那么你就知道该生产什么,生产多少.统计学将能帮助你制定生产计划,同时也能帮助你有效地检验产品质量,它能让你在关于企业地理位置、产品营销、金融资源等问题上做出正确的决定.
1)Business:
Statisticsplayanimportantroleinbusiness.Asuccessfulbusinessmanmustbeveryquickandaccurateindecisionmaking.Heknowsthatwhathiscustomerswants,heshouldtherefore,knowwhattoproduce
andsellandinwhatquantities.Statisticshelpsbusinessmantoplanproductonaccordingtothetasteofthecostumers,thequalityoftheproductscanalsobecheckedmoreefficientlybyusingstatisticalmethods.Soalltheactivitiesofthebusinessmanbasedonstatisticalinformation.Hecanmakecorrectdecisionaboutthelocationofbusiness,marketingoftheproducts,financialresourcesetc
2.如果你想在经济学方面有所发展,那万万是离不开统计学的.经
济学在很大程度上依赖于统计学,国民收入帐户对于经济学家和管理者来说是具有多重目的性的指标,统计学是建立这些帐户的基础.
在经济学的研究中统计学方法被用来收集、分析数据,并作出检验假设.统计学的方法可以用来研究供求关系,进出口,通货膨胀,人均收入等等问题的研究都离不开统计学.
(2)InEconomics:
Statisticsplayanimportantroleineconomics.Economicslargelydependsuponstatistics.Nationalincomeaccountsaremultipurposeindicatorsfortheeconomistsandadministrators.Statisticalmethodsareusedforpreparationoftheseaccounts.Ineconomicsresearchstatisticalmethodsareusedforcollectingandanalysisthedataandtestinghypothesis.Therelationshipbetweensupplyanddemandsisstudiesbystatisticalmethods,theimportsandexports,theinflationrate,thepercapitaincomearetheproblemswhichrequiregoodknowledgeofstatistics.
3•如果您想在数学领域有所发展,请务必学好统计学.统计学与数学密不可分,他们的很多东西都是互通的.所以想要学好数学也得要学好统计学.
(3)InMathematics:
Statisticalplaysacentralroleinalmostallnaturalandsocialsciences.
Themethodsofnaturalsciencesaremostreliablebutconclusionsdrawfromthemareonlyprobable,becausetheyarebasedonincompleteevidenee.Statisticalhelpsindescribingthesemeasurementsmoreprecisely.Statisticsisbranchofappliedmathematics.Thelargenumberofstatisticalmethodslikeprobabilityaverages,dispersions,estimationetc…isusedinmathematicsanddifferenttechniquesofpuremathematicslikeintegration,differentiationandalgebraareusedinstatistics.
4.如果您将来想入银行业,那么你就离不开统计学.因为银行在很
多的方面必须要用到统计学的方法.
(4)InBanking:
Statisticsplayanimportantroleinbanking.Thebanksmakeuseofstatisticsforanumberofpurposes.Thebanksworkontheprinciplethatallthepeoplewhodeposittheirmoneywiththebanksdonotwithdrawitatthesametime.Thebankearnsprofitsoutofthesedepositsbylendingtoothersoninterest.Thebankersusestatisticalapproachesbasedonprobabilitytoestimatethenumbersofdepositorsandtheirclaimsforacertainday.
5.如果您将来想成为一名管理人才,那么缺乏统计学知识是简直是不可想象的事情.许多的国家政策的制定都基于统计数据,统计数据是被广泛用于管理决策.
(5)InStateManagement(Administration):
Statisticsisessentialforacountry.Differentpoliciesofthegovernmentarebasedonstatistics.Statisticaldataarenowwidelyusedintakingalladministrativedecisions.Supposeifthegovernmentwantstorevisethepayscalesofemployeesinviewofanincreaseinthelivingcost,statisticalmethodswillbeusedtodeterminetheriseinthecostofliving.Preparationoffederalandprovincialgovernmentbudgetsmainlydependsuponstatisticsbecauseithelpsinestimatingtheexpectedexpendituresandrevenuefromdifferentsources.Sostatisticsaretheeyesofadministrationofthestate.
6.统计学在会计和审计中运用相当广泛.想学会计与审计的同学统计学知识是必不可少的.
(6)InAccountingandAuditing:
Accountingisimpossiblewithoutexactness.Butfordecisionmakingpurpose,somuchprecisionisnotessentialthedecisionmaybetakenonthebasisofapproximation,knowasstatistics.Thecorrectionofthevaluesofcurrentassertsismadeonthebasisofthepurchasingpowerofmoneyorthecurrentvalueofit.
Inauditingsamplingtechniquesarecommonlyused.Anauditordeterminesthesamplesizeofthebooktobeauditedonthebasisoferror.
7.统计学在几乎所有的自然科学和社会科学中都不可或缺.统计方
法被广泛用来分析实验结果,检验显著性,比如生物、物理、化学
(7)InNaturalandSocialSciences:
Statisticsplaysavitalroleinalmostallthenaturalandsocialsciences.Statisticalmethodsarecommonlyusedforanalyzingtheexperimentsresults,testingtheirsignificaneeinBiology,Physics,Chemistry,
Mathematics,Meteorology,Researchchambersofcommerce,
Sociology,Business,PublicAdministration,Communicationand
InformationTechnologyetc…
8.如果您有志成为天文学方面的人才,你得学好统计学才行.
(8)InAstronomy:
Astronomyisoneoftheoldestbranchofstatisticalstudy,itdealswith
themeasurementofdistanee,sizes,massesanddensitiesofheavenlybodiesbymeansofobservations.Duringthesemeasurementserrorsareunavoidablesomostprobablemeasurementsarefoundedbyusingstatisticalmethods.
Example:
Thisdistanceofmoonfromtheearthismeasured.Sinceolddaystheastronomershavebeenstatisticalmethodslikemethodofleastsquaresforfindingthemovementsofstars.
大学大多数学科将会涉及统计学(下面只是其中一些直接以统计为
基础的学科,还有很多专业或学科也是跟统计学相关的):
Statisticsisthemathematicalscienceinvolvingthecollection,analysisandinterpretationofdata.Anumberofspecialtieshaveevolvedtoapplystatisticaltheoryandmethodstovariousdisciplines.Certaintopicshave"statistical"intheirnamebutrelatetomanipulationsofprobabilitydistributionsratherthantostatisticalanalysis.
(精算)Actuarialscienceisthedisciplinethatappliesmathematicalandstatisticalmethodstoassessriskinthinsuranceandfinanceindustries.
*(生物统计学)Biostatisticsisabranchof(生物)biologythatstudiesbiologicalphenomenaandobservationsbymeansofstatisticalanalysis,andincludes(医学统计)medicalstatistics
«(商业分析)Businessanalyticsisarapidlydevelopingbusinessprocessthatappliesstatisticalmethodstodatasets(oftenverylarge)todevelopnewinsightsandunderstandingofbusinessperformanee&opportunities
«(化学统计学)Chemometricsisthescieneeofrelatingmeasurementsmadeonachemicalsystemorprocesstothestateofthesystemviaapplicationofmathematicalorstatisticalmethods.
«(人口统计学)Demographyisthestatisticalstudyofallpopulations.Itcanbeaverygeneralscieneethatcanbeappliedtoanykindofdynamicpopulation,thatis,onethatchangesovertimeorspace.
*(计量经济学)Econometricsisabranchofeconomicsthatappliesstatisticalmethodstotheempiricalstudyofeconomictheoriesandrelationships.
*(环境统计学)EnvironmentalstatisticsistheapplicationofstatisticalmethodstoenvironmentaiscieneeWeather,climate,airandwaterqualityareincluded,asarestudiesofplantandanimalpopulations.
*(流行病学)Epidemiologyisthestudyoffactorsaffectingthehealthand
illnessofpopulations,andservesasthefoundationandlogicofinterventionsmadeintheinterestofpublichealthandpreventivemedicine.
«(统计地质学)Geostatisticsisabranchofgeographythatdealswiththeanalysisofdatafromdisciplinessuchaspetroleumgeology,hydrogeology,hydrology,meteorology,oceanographygeochemistry,geography.
*(运筹学)Operationsresearch(orOperationalResearch)isaninterdisciplinarybranchofappliedmathematicsandformalsciencethatusesmethodssuchasmathematicalmodeling,statistics,andalgorithmstoarriveatoptimalornearoptimalsolutionstocomplexproblems.
*(种群生态学)Populationecologyisasub-fieldofecologythatdealswiththedynamicsofspeciespopulationsandhowthesepopulationsinteractwiththeenvironment
*(心理测验学)Psychometricsisthetheoryandtechniqueofeducationalandpsychologicalmeasurementofknowledge,abilities,attitudes,and
personalitytraits.
*(质量控制)Qualitycontrolreviewsthefactorsinvolvedinmanufacturingandproduction;itcanmakeuseolstatisticalsamplingofproductitemstoaiddecisionsinprocesscontrolorinacceptingdeliveries.
«(数理心理学)Quantitativepsychologyisthescieneeofstatisticallyexplainingandchangingmentalprocessesandbehaviorsinhumans.
«(可靠性工程学)ReliabilityEngineeringisthestudyoftheabilityofasystemorcomponenttoperformitsrequiredfunctionsunderstatedconditionsforaspecifiedperiodoftime
«(统计金融)Statisticalfinance,anareaofeconophysicsisanempiricalattempttoshiftfinancefromitsnormativerootstoapositivistframeworkusingexemplarsfromstatisticalphysicswithanemphasisonemergentorcollectivepropertiesoffinancialmarkets.
*(统计力学)Statisticalmechanicsistheapplicationofprobabilitytheory,whichincludesmathematicaltoolsfordealingwithlargepopulations,tothefieldofmechanicswhichisconcernedwiththemotionofparticlesorobjectswhensubjectedtoaforce.
*(统计物理学)Statisticalphysicsisoneofthefundamentaltheoriesofphysicsandusesmethodsofprobabilitytheoryinsolvingphysicalproblems.
«(统计热力学)Statisticalthermodynamicssthestudyofthemicroscopicbehaviorsofthermodynamicsystemsusingprobabilitytheoryandprovidesamolecularlevelinterpretationofthermodynamicquantitiessuchaswork,heatfreeenergyandentropy.
美国大学统计专业排名
1StanfordUniversity斯坦福大学
2UniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley加州大学伯克利分校
3HarvardUniversity哈佛大学
3UniversityofWashington华盛顿大学
5JohnsHopkinsUniversity约翰霍普金斯大学
6TheUniversityofChicago芝加哥大学
9CarnegieMellonUniversity卡内基美隆大学
10DukeUniversity杜克大学
12NorthCarolinaStateUniversity北卡罗来纳州立大学
12TexasA&MUniversity德州A&M大学
12UniversityofMichiganAnnArbor密西根大学-安娜堡分校
12UniversityofPennsylvania宾夕法尼亚大学
17UniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley加州大学伯克利分校
17UniversityofMinnesotaTwinCities明尼苏达大学TwinCities分校
20Io
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